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Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 2003年第SUPPL1期6卷 108-116页

作者： Farag, A.A. Eid, A. Electrical and computer Engineering Department University of Louisville Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Louisville KY 40292 United States

Objectives: To present two practical techniques for threedimensional (3D) modeling of the human jaw from a sequence of intra-oral images. Design: A data acquisition system consists of: 3D digitizing arm, CCD camera and a laser projector in addition to a software module of two 3D modeling techniques;shape from shading (SFS) and space carving (SC). Setting and sample population - Several experiments have been conducted on a sample of students at the computer Vision and image processing (CVIP) laboratory at the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Other experiments were performed on solid models of human jaw. Experimental variable: The SFS technique, using perspective projection and camera calibration, extracts the 3D information from a sequence of two-dimensional images of the jaw. Data fusion of range data and 3D registration techniques develop the complete jaw model. The SC approach is implemented on a sequence of calibrated images. On the two reconstructions, we fit a mesh model to the data, in order to create a solid 3D model. Outcome measure: The accuracy of the reconstructed 3D model of human jaw is calculated based on the measurements on real jaws. Results: The SFS-based technique seems to provide more faithful information about the shape of the tooth tops. However, the SC algorithm successfully reconstructed 3D models of the human jaw with sub-millimeter accuracy, which is as accurate as (or even better than) the first technique without using any range measurements or laser projectors. The average error in distance calculation was found to be 0.74 mm, which is an acceptable resolution for many orthodontics and maxillofacial applications. Conclusion: Accurate 3D reconstruction of the human jaw enables many orthodontics and dental imaging researchfindings to be applied directly to a digital jaw model - not to a cast - using computer vision and medical imaging tools. © 2003 Blackwell Munksgaard.

关键词： Data fusion Jaw modeling Registration Shape from shading Space carving

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A discussion of leaky prediction based scalable coding

A discussion of leaky prediction based scalable coding

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IEEE International Conference on multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Yuxin Liu Zhen Li P. Salama E.J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VZPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA

In this paper, we focus on the leaky prediction based scalable coding (LPSC) structure and present a general framework for LPSC. We demonstrate the similarity between LPSC and motion compensation based multiple description coding scheme. We show that since the information contained in the enhancement layer in LPSC is actually a mismatch between two descriptions for each frame, it cannot be guaranteed that the enhancement layer always achieves superior reconstruction quality beyond that achieved by the base layer. We derive three reconstructions for each frame under the LPSC framework, and propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation scheme for LPSC video reconstruction at the decoder. This generally achieves superior decoded video quality than both the enhancement layer and the base layer.

关键词： image coding image reconstruction Decoding Protection Motion compensation Streaming media Scalability Robustness Forward error correction computer errors

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How to effectively utilize information to design hyperspectral target detection and classification algorithms

How to effectively utilize information to design hyperspectr...

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IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data

作者： Chein-I Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780383508

Hyperspectral imagery offers a means of uncovering enormous spectral information that can be used for various applications in data exploitation. How effectively such information is used affects the way image analysis algorithms are designed. In this paper, we take up this issue and focus on algorithms designed and developed for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery. In order to effectively characterize the information available before and after the data are processed, the a priori information and a posteriori information are used in accordance with how the information is obtained. A piece of information is referred to as a priori information if it is provided by known knowledge before data are processed. On the other hand, a piece of information is referred to as a posteriori information if it is unknown a priori, but can be obtained directly from the data in an unsupervised fashion during the course of data processing. Since a priori information is known beforehand, it can be further decomposed into two types of information, desired and undesired a priori information. The desired a priori information is the knowledge that will assist, improve and enhance data analysis, whereas the undesired a priori information is the knowledge that hinders, interferes or destructs analysis during data processing. This paper investigates how these three types of information play their roles in design and development of several hyperspectral target detection and classification algorithms. Experiments are also conducted to validate their utility.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Object detection Classification algorithms Hyperspectral imaging Data processing Data analysis Hyperspectral sensors image analysis Information analysis Interference constraints

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Evaluation of joint source and channel coding over wireless networks

Evaluation of joint source and channel coding over wireless ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yuxin Liu C. Podilchuk E. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pwdue University West Lafayette IN USA Multimedia Research Laboratory Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies Inc. Murray Hill NJ USA

Transmission of digital video signals over wireless networks demands efficient compression algorithms as well as reliable coding strategies. In this project, we provide a thorough evaluation of the joint source-channel video coding methodology from two points of view: source coding design for error resilience and channel coding for error detection and recovery. We investigate the current ITU video compression standard, H.263+, for 3G wireless transmission. In particular, we concentrate on error resilient features provided within the standard and forward error correction (FEC) to find the optimal combination of various system parameters under different lossy channel conditions.

关键词： Wireless networks Forward error correction Error correction Video compression Resilience Channel coding image coding Laboratories Source coding Error correction codes

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Automatic face region tracking for highly accurate face recognition in unconstrained environments

Automatic face region tracking for highly accurate face reco...

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IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)

作者： Y.-O. Kim J. Paik Jingu Heo A. Koschan B. Abidi M. Abidi Korea Electronics and Technology Institute Puchon Gyeonggi South Korea Image Processing Laboratory Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

We present a combined real-time face region tracking and highly accurate face recognition technique for an intelligent surveillance system. High-resolution face images are very important to achieving accurate identification of a human face. Conventional surveillance or security systems, however, usually provide poor image quality because they use only fixed cameras to record scenes passively. We have implemented a real-time surveillance system that tracks a moving face using four pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. While tracking, the region-of-interest (ROI) can be obtained by using a low-pass filter and background subtraction with the PTZ. Color information in the ROI is updated to extract features for optimal tracking and zooming. FaceIt/sup /spl reg//, which is one of the most popular face recognition software packages, is evaluated and then used to recognize the faces from the video signal. Experimentation with real human faces showed highly acceptable results in the sense of both accuracy and computational efficiency.

关键词： Face recognition Surveillance Real time systems Humans Cameras Intelligent systems Security image quality Layout Low pass filters

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Towards supporting the teaching of history using an intelligent information system that relies on the electronic road metaphor

Towards supporting the teaching of history using an intellig...

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International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT)

作者： M. Wallace M. Stefanou K. Karpouzis S. Kollias Image Video and Multimedia Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Greece Faculty of History and Archaeology School of Philosophy National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece

The new educational system in Greece, as far as teaching of history is concerned, is characterized by a shift away from sterile memorization and towards a critical approach of historical facts and phenomena that would contribute in both the development of pupils' historical concept and conscience and the promotion of critical thought. This reflects the globally accepted goals of teaching history courses. Such teaching goals can be greatly supported by computer-based applications, which can offer access to vast amounts of historical texts and data to be used next to the main scholar textbook and be analyzed by pupils. Still, existing applications seem to be quite inadequate for this purpose, as they require that the pupil be already informed on a matter, before the initiation of a quest for data. We describe an intelligent information system that is designed to facilitate browsing of educational material and historical sources, thus allowing pupils to efficiently retrieve information on topics that are not yet known to them and expand in this way their historical knowledge. This can help in fulfilling the teaching goals of the new educational system.

关键词： Education History Intelligent systems Information systems Application software Roads multimedia systems Laboratories computer applications Information retrieval

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Adaptive directional zerotree image coding

Adaptive directional zerotree image coding

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： S. Jirachawang V. Areekul Manufacturing Automation Section National Electronics and Computer Technology Center Klong Luang Pathum Thani Thailand Kasetsart Image Processing Laboratory (KIP Lab) Department of Electrical Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand

In this paper, adaptive directional zerotree image coding is introduced. This modified SPIHT algorithm called adaptive directional SPIRT (ADSPIHT) exploits an appropriate quadtree structure in order to take advantage from horizontal and vertical edge encoding in separable wavelet transform. Moreover, this adaptive algorithm changes structure in order to enhance energy compaction without increasing side information rate. Compared to SPIRT and DSPIHT, ADSPIHT improves coding performance in PSNR, especially in images with highly vertical and horizontal edges.

关键词： image coding PSNR Wavelet transforms Compaction Degradation Energy capture Energy resolution Arithmetic Manufacturing automation computer aided manufacturing

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New channels for carrying copyright and usage rights data in digital multimedia distribution

New channels for carrying copyright and usage rights data in...

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International Conference on Information Technology: Research and Education (ITRE)

作者： A.M. Eskicioglu E.J. Delp M.R. Eskicioglu Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY USA Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Computer Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

Protection of intellectual property is a critical issue in digital multimedia distribution systems. Cryptographic tools are commonly used for secure delivery of content and access keys to consumers via terrestrial, satellite, cable and Internet transmissions. A third requirement is the distribution of the copyright or usage rights associated with the digital content. The integrity, as opposed to security, of this data is essential to prevent unauthorized modification. Two approaches have been proposed in the open literature: allocating special fields in the transport stream and embedding a watermark into multimedia content. We present two new methods, based on secret sharing, to create channels with guaranteed data integrity.

关键词： Cryptography Streaming media Protection Intellectual property multimedia systems Satellites Power cables Internet Data security Watermarking

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3-D Bayesian ultrasound breast image segmentation using the EM/MPM algorithm

3-D Bayesian ultrasound breast image segmentation using the ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2002

作者： Christopher, Lauren A. Delp, Edward J. Meyer, Charles R. Carson, Paul L. Purdue University Video and Image Processing Laboratory Schooi of Electrical and Computer Engineering West LafayetteIN47907 United States University of Michigan Department of Radiology Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)078037584X

In this paper, ultrasound breast image segmentation is improved by using the volumetric data available in neighboring slices. The new algorithm extends the EM/MPM framework to 3D by including pixels from neighboring frames in the Markov Random Field (MRF) clique. In addition, this paper describes a unique linear cost factor introduced in the optimization loop to compensate for the attenuation common to ultrasound images. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： image segmentation

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Acoustic Accident Detection System

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Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 2002年第1期7卷 43-56页

作者： Charles Harlow Yu Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Remote Sensing and Image Processing Laboratory Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

In this research we considered the development of a system for automatically detecting and reporting traffic accidents at intersections. A system with these properties would be a great benefit in determining the cause of accidents and could also be useful in determining features of the intersection that relate to safety. A complete system would automatically detect and record traffic conditions associated with accidents such as time of the accident, video of the accident, and the traffic light signal controller parameters. In this project, the basic research required to develop the system has been considered. This involves developing methods for processing acoustic signals and recognizing accident events from the background traffic events. A database consisting of sounds from vehicle crashes, car braking sounds, construction sounds, and traffic sounds was created. We compute the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients as a feature vector for input to the classification system. A neural network is used to classify these features into categories of crash and non-crash events. The classification testing results achieved 99% accuracy

关键词： Accident Automatic Detection Acoustic Traffic

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