Optical flow computation may be divided into four processing steps where the first is extraction of image features suitable for flow estimation. Using a generalization of the basic flow constraint it is possible to es...
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Optical flow computation may be divided into four processing steps where the first is extraction of image features suitable for flow estimation. Using a generalization of the basic flow constraint it is possible to estimate flow vectors from a set of feature images obtained from the input image sequence. Generalized Sobel operators provide a suitable set of feature extraction operators. The set of five filters up to second order provides good approximations of ideal edge and line detectors. A review of spatial and frequency constraints on optical flow suggests a multiresolution approach to optical flow where the initial feature extractors consists of velocity tuned operators. We show that two-dimensional generalized Sobel operators may be extended to spatio-temporal velocity tuned filters for optical flow estimation. Experimental results compare well to existing methods.< >
Singular behavior of PD-eigenvalues of an nth-order scalar polynomial differential operator (SPDO) /spl Dscrsub /spl alpha=/spl deltasup n/+/spl Sigmasub k=1sup nspl alphasub k/(t)/spl deltasup k/spl minus/1/, where /...
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Singular behavior of PD-eigenvalues of an nth-order scalar polynomial differential operator (SPDO) /spl Dscrsub /spl alpha=/spl deltasup n/+/spl Sigmasub k=1sup nspl alphasub k/(t)/spl deltasup k/spl minus/1/, where /spl delta/=d/dt, is investigated. Main results of this paper include: (i) definition and properties of PD-eigenvectors associated with PD-eigenvalues, (ii) definitions and properties of generalized PD-eigenvectors and generalized PD-eigenvalues for singular PD-eigenvalues; (iii) application of (i) and (ii) in stability analysis of linear time-varying (LTV) systems /spl Dscrsub /spl alpha/spl lcub/y/spl rcub/=0, and (iv) application (i) and (ii) in the realization of PD-characteristic equation. The new results will have a significant impact on applications of the unified eigenvalue theory to the analysis and control of LTV control systems, and its further development.< >
This study constitutes an effort in identifying a class of unbounded coordinate transformations for vector linear time-varying systems of the form x/spl dot/=A(t)x. Main results of this paper include: (i) the definiti...
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This study constitutes an effort in identifying a class of unbounded coordinate transformations for vector linear time-varying systems of the form x/spl dot/=A(t)x. Main results of this paper include: (i) the definition and properties of meromorphic D-similarity transformations, (ii) two theorems on stability preserving meromorphic transformations. The results appear to be somewhat restrictive, but certainly shed some light on this intriguing yet difficult problem.< >
A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1-D objects. In this scheme, the object to be analyzed is laser scanned. The resulting optical signal is detected by a photodet...
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A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1-D objects. In this scheme, the object to be analyzed is laser scanned. The resulting optical signal is detected by a photodetector which generates an electrical signal output which is subsequently analyzed with a combination of analog and digital electronics. The system has shown to be fairly modular in design. Various aspects of the extension of the design to two dimensions is discussed.< >
Histogram generation, a standard imageprocessing operation, is a record of the intensity distribution in the image. A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1D objects...
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Histogram generation, a standard imageprocessing operation, is a record of the intensity distribution in the image. A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1D objects using wirewrapped MSI TTL components (Richstein et al. 1993). The overall system design is such that the electronic signal obtained from the optically scanned two-dimensional semi-opaque image is processed and displayed within a period of one cycle of the scanning process. The authors report a VLSI design to be used in a two-dimensional real-time histogram generation scheme.< >
A PC-based system for real-time left ventricular endocardial contour detection on echocardiographic images has been developed in our laboratories. The system consists of an IBM-compatible PC equipped with a commercial...
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A PC-based system for real-time left ventricular endocardial contour detection on echocardiographic images has been developed in our laboratories. The system consists of an IBM-compatible PC equipped with a commercially available frame grabber and the special-purpose Minimum Cost Contour Detector (MCCD) board developed for this project. The MCCD board uses 1 or 2 Intel i960 processors and receives digital images (512*512*8 bit) from the frame grabber over a digital video bar in real time. The contour detection algorithm is based on dynamic programming. Detected contours and other results are transferred to the host via the AT-bus. processing time is short enough for real-time performance in a practical situation. Area of contours and regional areas in 8 segments are calculated in real time and displayed in graphs on the host system. The MCCD board is fully programmable and may be used for similar real-time contour detection applications, e.g. for X-ray angiography and intravascular ultrasound.< >
In direct methods of contrast enhancement, a contrast measure is first defined, which is then modified by a mapping function to generate the pixel value of the enhanced image. Various mapping functions such as the squ...
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According to the Floquet theory, an nth-order linear periodic (LP) system of the form yn+αn(t) y/sup n-1/+...+α2(t)dy(t)/dt+α1(t)y=0 can be transformed into an equivalent linear time-invariant (LTI) system whose ch...
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A new direct contrast enhancement algorithm is proposed. It can be used to enhance the contrast of an image without increasing the dynamic range of the pixel values. A distinctive property of the proposed method is th...
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A new direct contrast enhancement algorithm is proposed. It can be used to enhance the contrast of an image without increasing the dynamic range of the pixel values. A distinctive property of the proposed method is that it yields results matching the characteristic of the human visual system. The histogram of the enhanced image has almost the same shape as that of the original image.< >
A general approach to the transform-magnitude-shaping-based image enhancement method is advanced. In the method, the magnitude of the input image transform is modified using a nonlinear mapping expressible as a power ...
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A general approach to the transform-magnitude-shaping-based image enhancement method is advanced. In the method, the magnitude of the input image transform is modified using a nonlinear mapping expressible as a power series, while its phase is kept invariant. The inverse transform of the modified image transform results in a sharpening or smoothing depending on the choice of the power series coefficients. Further improvement in the overall enhancement is achieved by a two-channel processing scheme which is implemented by applying different transform amplitude shaping methods to the low-frequency and high-frequency components. Examples the proposed enhancement method are included.< >
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