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Text page recognition using grey-level features and hidden markov models

pattern recognition 1996年第6期29卷 977-985页

作者： Aas, K Eikvil, L Department of Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Norwegian Computing Center P.O. Box 114 Blindern N-0314 Oslo Norway

This paper presents an approach to text recognition which avoids the problems of thresholding and segmentation by working directly on the grey-level image recognizing an entire word at the time. For each word a sequence of grey-level feature vectors is extracted. Hidden Markov models are used to describe the single characters and the sequence of feature vectors is matched against all possible combinations of models using dynamic programming. (C) 1996 pattern recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： text recognition grey-level features hidden Markov models viterbi matching dynamic programming level building

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Choosing reference views for image-based representation 23rd

Choosing reference views for image-based representation

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23rd Seminar on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics, SOFSEM 1996

作者： Werner, Tomáš Hlaváč, Václav Leonardis, Aleš Pajdla, Tomáš Czech Technical University Center for Machine Perception Karlovo namesti 13 Prague 212135 Czech Republic Technical University of Vienna Institute for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Treitlstrasse 3 WienA-1040 Austria University of Ljubljana Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)3540619941

Recently, much attention has been devoted to image-based scene representations. They allow to construct an arbitrary view of a 3D scene by the interpolation (transfer) from a sparse set of real 2-D (reference) images, rather than by rendering an explicit 3-D model. While many authors address mainly the purely geometrical aspect of the task, we focus on the problem, how to select the optimal set of reference views. Selection of reference views from a dense set of real primary views is posed as a selection and fitting of parametric models. The selected set must minimize a weighted sum of the number of reference views and the total fit error. We propose two different algorithms solving this optimization problem. The experimental results on synthetic and real data indicate the feasibility of the approach for 1-DOF camera movement. We discuss the possibility to extend one of the algorithms for more general case. © 1996, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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A 3.84 GIPS integrated memory array processor

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第3期27卷 26-36页

作者： Fujita, Y Yamashita, N Kimura, T Nakamura, K Okazaki, S Nonmember NEC Corporation Kawasaki Japan 216 Member Shin'ichi Okazaki received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Osaka University in 1982 and 1984 respectively. He is currently with the Pattern Recognition Research Division of NEC Information Media Laboratories. His research interest is high-speed image processing. He was a Visiting Researcher at Stanford University from 1991 to 1992.

An integrated memory array processor (IMAP) ULSI with 64 processing elements and a 2 Mb SRAM has been developed to build a compact real-time image processing system. The chip attains a 3.84 GIPS peak performance through the use of SIMD parallel processing and 1.28 GByte/s on-chip processor-memory bandwidth. The IMAP is capable of parallel indexed addressing, which increases applications for parallel algorithms. Created using 0.55 mu m BiCMOS double layer metal process technology, the IMAP contains 11 million translators in a 15.1 x 15.6 mm(2) die area.

关键词： parallel processing multiple processors SIMD VLSI image processing

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Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum - Natural observation theory of normal type

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1996年第11期79卷 84-96页

作者： Iijima, T Iwaki, M Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taim Iijima received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1957. He was involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing speech recoption and OCR research development. He became Chief of Densoken Iijima Special Research Group and then Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. He was Professor Emeritus in 1986 Professor at Tokyo Engineering University in 1986 Professor Emeritus in 1993 Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1993 Vice President of the Institute in 1994 Editinghvestigation/General Affairs Secretary Inspector Councilor Chairman of Pattern Recognition Research Committee Head of Tokyo Region Vice President at I.E.I.C.E. Japan and became Honorary Member in 1993. He received the Paper Award four times Authorship Award once Achievement Award in 1976 Meritorious Award in 1989 and the Purple-Ribbon Prize in 1989.

A theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal-type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal-type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. The natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal-type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Furthermore, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.

关键词： natural observation method neighboring type equilibrium type normal type

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The figure source equation and its physical consideration

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第9期27卷 83-93页

作者： Aoki, Y Iijima, T Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Ishikawa Japan 923 Yasubim Aoki:graduated from the University of Kanazawa Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science in 1992 and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Department of Information Science where he is currently in the doctoral program engaged in research on pattern recognition. Honorary Member Taizo lijima:graduatedwith a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948 and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory and pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. He because Professor Emeritus of that institute in 1986. He became Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus there in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of the institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector counsel committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this institute. In 1991 he became Honorary Member. He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the Literary Works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1989.

Theoretical studies on Iijima's ''Theory of pattern recognition,'' which is known as a method of multiple similarity, have shown clearly that there are situations when it is difficult to determine the viewpoint and visual field, important parameters to introduce topological aspects into the pattern space, observing a figure itself. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes transforming the observed image from a figure f(r) to a second-order differential image rho(r), called ''figure source.'' The aim is to reconstruct the theory in such a way as to enable the application of similarity evaluation methods as in the conventional case, without compromising the current theory, and all the necessary proofs are given. In this paper, the figure source equation as well as rules representing its properties are developed, and several related physical quantities are redefined.

关键词： figure source determination of viewpoint and visual field second-order differential image theory reconstruction figure source equation

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SEGMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION OF BRAIN-LESIONS IN MULTISPECTRAL MAGNETIC-RESONANCE imageS

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COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS 1995年第2期19卷 171-183页

作者： HOLDEN, M STEEN, E LUNDERVOLD, A Department of Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Norwegian Computing Center Oslo.

In this study we focus on the problem of segmentation and visualization of soft tissue structures in three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We introduce a classification method which is a combination of a recently proposed contour detection algorithm and Haslett's contextual classification method extended to 3D. This classification method is used in the classification step of a rendering model suggested by Drebin et al. for visualizing normal and pathological tissue structures in the brain. We evaluate the combination of these two methodologies, and identify some problems which have to be solved in order to develop a clinical useful tool.

关键词： MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SEGMENTATION VISUALIZATION BRAIN LESIONS

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MAP-AIDED STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF AERIAL imageS

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ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 1995年第4期50卷 3-10页

作者： STILLA, U Research Institute for Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (FGAN/FIM) Eisenstockstr. 12 76275 Ettlingen Germany

A syntax-oriented method for a map-aided analysis of structures in aerial images is proposed. First the map must be analysed in order to obtain a suitable representation of its knowledge content. A special kind of graph, a so-called image-description graph, is the result of this map analysis. The knowledge of the map, represented on different description levels, is used to control the search process during the image analysis. Based on this knowledge, expectations for attribute values of image objects are defined. Generated objects are assessed relative to the expectations of the map and the object model. A set-oriented selection method is applied to deduce the processing priority using these two assessments. Expected objects are preferably processed for building up more complex objects. Thus the map-aided analysis can be used to reduce the processing time for a verification task.

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INCREASING THE FEATURE SIZE IN HANDWRITTEN NUMERAL recognition TO IMPROVE ACCURACY

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1995年第8期26卷 35-44页

作者： WAKABAYASHI, T TSURUOKA, S KIMURA, F MIYAKE, Y Member Faculty of Engineering Mie University Tsu Japan 514 Furnitaka Kimura:received his B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in 1973 and 1978 respectively from Nagoya University where he was appointed a Research Associate the same year. He has been an Associate Professor at Mie University since 1983. He had been a Visiting Associate Professor at the University of Michigan Dearborn from 1989 to 1991. He has engaged in research on pattern recognition image processing computer graphics. He is a member of Institute of Information Processing Japan Institute of Medical Engineering Japan and Institute of Artificial Intelligence Japan. Members Yasuji Miyab:received his B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in 1957 and 1965 respectively from Nagoya University where he was appointed a Research Associate in 1965. He was appointed to a Lecturer in 1968 and an Associate Professor in 1969. He has been a Professor at Mie University since 1978. He has engaged in research on machine recognition of handwritten characters computer graphics and medical image processing. He is a member of Institute of Information Processing Japan Institute of Artificial Intelligence Japan Institute of Robotics Japan I.E.E.E. Japan and Institute of Simulation Japan.

The relationship between the recognition rate of handwritten numerals and the normality of the distribution of their features has been investigated experimentally with a large amount of data in various combinations of quantized orientations and regions. The recognition method is based on the histogram of local orientation of contours of each numeral. To obtain a more accurate orientation quantization, the effectiveness of the orientation quantization using the gray-scale gradient has also been investigated. The results show that: (1) to increase the dimensionality of features, it is better to increase the number of quantized orientations, keeping the number of regions small (e.g., 4 x 4 or 5 x 5);(2) in the same dimensionality, the better the normality of a feature distribution, the higher the recognition rate;(3) a quantization of orientations using gray scales is effective for normalizing a feature distribution;and (4) the filter processing in reduction of the number of quantization scales improves the normality and recognition rate. The recognition of handwritten numerals collected from actual posts were carried out by using the gray-scale local-orientation histogram (400 dimensions). A correct recognition rate of 99.18 percent (mean value) has been obtained.

关键词： CHARACTER recognition pattern recognition ZIP CODE recognition FEATURE EXTRACTION GRADIENT NORMALITY

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MODEL-BASED OBJECT recognition USING BASIC PROBABILITY ASSIGNMENT

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1995年第12期26卷 49-57页

作者： YAMANE, S AOKI, K IZUMI, M FUKUNAGA, K Associate Member College of Engineering University of Osaka Prefecture Sakai Japan 593 Member Members Kunio Fukunafa:received his B.E. M.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees in Electrical Engineering from University of Osaka Prefecture Osaka Japan 1967 1969 and 1973 respectively. He has been with the University of Osaka Prefecture since 1969 where he is now a Professor in the Department of Information and Systems Sciences. His current research interests include pattern recognition and image processing. He is a member of the Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers of Japan the Information Processing Society of Japan the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and the IEEE.

A method of object recognition is proposed based on Dempster-Shafer theory (DS theory), which can treat the ambiguity of image data. A model based object recognition technique based on an aspect imaging method will also be proposed. The aspect imaging method recognizes a similar aspect object by comparing an input image with an aspect image of the model database. Our proposed method calculates the degree of similarity based on the DS theory instead of Bayes theory, represents an uncertainty factor of similarity as a basic probability of DS theory, and assigns a basic probability of information to be decided. The experimental results show that the proposed method is both more robust and more reliable.

关键词： OBJECT recognition DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY image AMBIGUITY

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Acceptance and generation of general wave by a natural observation filter

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1995年第11期78卷 1-8页

作者： Iijima, T Honorary Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taizo lijima:graduated with a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR etc. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professorat the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. Later he became the Professor Emeritus of that Institute in 1986. He became a Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus of that University in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of that Institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector councilor committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this Institute. In 1991 he became the Honorary Member.He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the literary works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1988.

During the past few years, there has been a series of papers published on the theory of the natural observation method. As one of the important applications of this theory, the problems of acceptance and generation of a general waveform are discussed here. The case of polynomial waveforms and its corresponding theory was published previously. A great extension of that theory which covers general waveforms is presented here and its full picture is clarified.

关键词： natural observation filter acceptance of a wave generation of a wave theory of natural observation of the normal type

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