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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： M. Reiter J. Matas Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Institute for Automation University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria CVSSP School of EE IT and Mathematics University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK

We present a method allowing a significant speed-up of the eigen-detection method (detection based on principle component analysis). We derive a formula for an upper bound on the class-conditional probability (or equivalently a lower bound on the Mahalanobis distance) on which detection is based. Often, the lower bound of Mahalanobis distance (MD) reaches a preset threshold after computation of only a few eigen-projections. In this case the computation of MD can be immediately terminated. Regardless of the precise value of MD, the detection hypothesis (object from class /spl Omega/ is detected) can be rejected. While provably obtaining results identical to the standard technique, we achieved a two- to three-fold speed-up in face detection experiments on images from the CMU database.

关键词： Face detection Upper bound Object detection Lips pattern recognition image processing Automation Mathematics Electronic switching systems Read only memory

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A Region-Based Representation of images in MARS

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Journal of VLSI Signal processing Systems for Signal, image, and Video Technology 1998年第1-2期20卷 137-150页

作者： Servetto, Sergio D. Rui, Yong Ramchandran, Kannan Huang, Thomas S. Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Comp. Res. Adv. Applications Group IBM Argentina Argentina Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Institute UIUC United States Department of Computer Science UNLP Argentina Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering UIUC United States Multimedia Commun. Res. Department Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ United States Info. Sciences Research Department AT and T Labs. Florham Park NJ United States Department of Computer Science UIUC United States Southeast University China Tsinghua University China University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Advance Sci. Technol. UIUC United States Vis. Technol. Grp. of Microsoft Res. Redmond WA United States City College of New York United States Columbia University United States AT and T Bell Labs. United States Ctr. for Telecommunications Research Columbia University United States Elec. and Comp. Eng. Department United States Beckman Institute Coordinated Science Laboratory IL United States IEEE Signal Processing Society United States IEEE IMDSP Technical Committee United States IEEE Transactions on Image Proc. United States National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering MIT United States School of Electrical Engineering United States Lab. for Info. and Signal Processing Purdue University United States Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering United States Coordinated Science Laboratory United States Image Formation and Processing Group Beckman Inst. Adv. Sci. and Technol. United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Rheinishes Landes Museum Bonn Germany Swiss Institutes of Technology Zurich Switzerland Swiss Institutes of Technology Lausanne S

We study the problem of representing images within a multimedia Database Management System (DBMS), in order to support fast retrieval operations without compromising storage efficiency. To achieve this goal, we propose new image coding techniques which combine a wavelet representation, embedded coding of the wavelet coefficients, and segmentation of image-domain regions in the wavelet domain. A bitstream is generated in which each image region is encoded independently of other regions, without having to explicitly store information describing the regions. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms achieve coding performance which compares favorably, both perceptually and objectively, to that achieved using state-of-the-art image/video coding techniques while additionally providing region-based support.

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Stereo correspondences in scale space 3rd

Stereo correspondences in scale space

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3rd Asian Conference on Computer Vision, ACCV 1998

作者： Menard, Christian Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Vienna University of Technology TreitlstraBe 3/183/2 ViennaA-1040 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)3540639306

A central problem in stereo matching using correlation techniques lies in selecting the size of the search window. Small windows contain only a small number of data points, and thus are very sensitive to noise and therefore result in false matches. Whereas large search windows contain data from two or more different objects or surfaces, thus the estimated disparity is not accurate due to different projective distortions in the left and the right image. The new method introduces a continuous scale parameter for the matching process. It allows the adaption of the scale for every individual region and overcomes the drawbacks of fixed window sizes which is impressively demonstrated by the experimental results. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Stereo image processing

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Adaptive stereo matching in correlation scale-space 9th

Adaptive stereo matching in correlation scale-space

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9th International Conference on image Analysis and processing, ICIAP 1997

作者： Menard, Christian Kropatsch, Walter G. Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Vienna University of Technology Treitlstraße 3/183/2 ViennaA-1040 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)3540635076

Stereo computes the distance of objects, "their depth", from two images of two cameras using the triangulation principle. Points of imaged objects are mapped in different locations in the two stereo images. A central problem in stereo matching using correlation techniques lies in selecting the size of the search window. Small windows contain only a small number of data points, and thus are very sensitive to noise and therefore result in false matches. Whereas large search windows contain data from two or more different objects or surfaces, thus the estimated disparity is not accurate due to different projective distortions in the left and the right image. The new method introduces a continuous scale parameter for the matching process. It allows the adaption of the scale for every individual region and overcomes the drawbacks of fixed window sizes which is impressively demonstrated by the experimental results. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Stereo image processing

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Stereo matching using M-estimators 7th

Stereo matching using M-estimators

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7th International Conference on Computer Analysis of images and patterns, CAIP 1997

作者： Menard, Christian Leonardis, Aleš Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Vienna University of Technology Treitlstraße 3/183/2 Vienna Austria University of Ljubljana Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)3540634606

Stereo computation is just one of the vision problems where the presence of outliers cannot be neglected. Most standard algorithms make unrealistic assumptions about noise distributions, which leads to erroneous results that cannot be corrected in subsequent processing stages. In this work the standard area-based correlation approach is modified so that it can tolerate a significant number of outliers. The approach exhibits a robust behaviour not only in the presence of mismatches but also in the case of depth discontinuities. Experimental results are given on synthetic and real images. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Statistics

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Computational complexity reduction in eigenspace approaches 7th

Computational complexity reduction in eigenspace approaches

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7th International Conference on Computer Analysis of images and patterns, CAIP 1997

作者： Leonardis, Aleš Bischof, Horst Vienna University of Technology Institute for Automation Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Treitlstraße 3/1832 ViennaA-1040 Austria University of LjubIjana Tržaška 25 LjubljanaSI-1001 Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)3540634606

Matching of appearance-based object representations using eigenimages is computationally very demanding. Most commonly, to recognize an object in an image, parts of the input image are projected onto the eigenspace and the recovered coefficients indicate the presence or absence of a particular object. In general, the process is sequentially applied to the entire image. In this paper we discuss how to alleviate the problems related to complexity. First, we propose to use a focus-ofattention (FOA) detector which is intended to select candidate areas of interest with minimal computational effort. Only at these areas we then recover the coefficients of eigenimages. Secondly, we propose to employ a multiresolution approach. However, this requires that we depart from the standard way of calculating the coefficients of the eigenimages which relies on the orthogonality property of eigenimages. Instead we calculate them by solving a system of linear equations. We show the results of our approach on real data. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Computers

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A Robust, Real-Time Voice Activity Detection Algorithm for Embedded Mobile Devices

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Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 1997年第2期8卷 133-146页

作者： Bian Wu Xiaolin Ren Chongqing Liu Yaxin Zhang Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai People's Republic of China Motorola Labs China Research Center W. Shanghai People's Republic of China

When an Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) system is applied in noisy environments, Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is crucial to the performance of the overall system. The employment of the VAD for ASR on embedded mobile systems will minimize physical distractions and make the system convenient to use. Conventional VAD algorithm is of high complexity, which makes it unsuitable for embedded mobile devices; or of low robustness, which holds back its application in mobile noisy environments. In this paper, we propose a robust VAD algorithm specifically designed for ASR on embedded mobile devices. The architecture of the proposed algorithm is based on a two-level decision making strategy, where there is an interaction between a lower features-based level and subsequent decision logic based on a finite-state machine. Many discriminating features are employed in the lower level to improve the robustness of the VAD. The two-level decision strategy allows different features to be used in different states and reduces the cost of the algorithm, which makes the proposed algorithm suitable for embedded mobile devices. The evaluation experiments show the proposed VAD algorithm is robust and contribute to the overall performance gain of the ASR system in various acoustic environments.

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A 3.84 GIPS integrated memory array processor

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第3期27卷 26-36页

作者： Fujita, Y Yamashita, N Kimura, T Nakamura, K Okazaki, S Nonmember NEC Corporation Kawasaki Japan 216 Member Shin'ichi Okazaki received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from Osaka University in 1982 and 1984 respectively. He is currently with the Pattern Recognition Research Division of NEC Information Media Laboratories. His research interest is high-speed image processing. He was a Visiting Researcher at Stanford University from 1991 to 1992.

An integrated memory array processor (IMAP) ULSI with 64 processing elements and a 2 Mb SRAM has been developed to build a compact real-time image processing system. The chip attains a 3.84 GIPS peak performance through the use of SIMD parallel processing and 1.28 GByte/s on-chip processor-memory bandwidth. The IMAP is capable of parallel indexed addressing, which increases applications for parallel algorithms. Created using 0.55 mu m BiCMOS double layer metal process technology, the IMAP contains 11 million translators in a 15.1 x 15.6 mm(2) die area.

关键词： parallel processing multiple processors SIMD VLSI image processing

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Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum - Natural observation theory of normal type

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1996年第11期79卷 84-96页

作者： Iijima, T Iwaki, M Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taim Iijima received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1957. He was involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing speech recoption and OCR research development. He became Chief of Densoken Iijima Special Research Group and then Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. He was Professor Emeritus in 1986 Professor at Tokyo Engineering University in 1986 Professor Emeritus in 1993 Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1993 Vice President of the Institute in 1994 Editinghvestigation/General Affairs Secretary Inspector Councilor Chairman of Pattern Recognition Research Committee Head of Tokyo Region Vice President at I.E.I.C.E. Japan and became Honorary Member in 1993. He received the Paper Award four times Authorship Award once Achievement Award in 1976 Meritorious Award in 1989 and the Purple-Ribbon Prize in 1989.

A theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal-type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal-type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. The natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal-type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Furthermore, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.

关键词： natural observation method neighboring type equilibrium type normal type

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The figure source equation and its physical consideration

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第9期27卷 83-93页

作者： Aoki, Y Iijima, T Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Ishikawa Japan 923 Yasubim Aoki:graduated from the University of Kanazawa Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science in 1992 and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Department of Information Science where he is currently in the doctoral program engaged in research on pattern recognition. Honorary Member Taizo lijima:graduatedwith a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948 and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory and pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. He because Professor Emeritus of that institute in 1986. He became Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus there in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of the institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector counsel committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this institute. In 1991 he became Honorary Member. He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the Literary Works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1989.

Theoretical studies on Iijima's ''Theory of pattern recognition,'' which is known as a method of multiple similarity, have shown clearly that there are situations when it is difficult to determine the viewpoint and visual field, important parameters to introduce topological aspects into the pattern space, observing a figure itself. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes transforming the observed image from a figure f(r) to a second-order differential image rho(r), called ''figure source.'' The aim is to reconstruct the theory in such a way as to enable the application of similarity evaluation methods as in the conventional case, without compromising the current theory, and all the necessary proofs are given. In this paper, the figure source equation as well as rules representing its properties are developed, and several related physical quantities are redefined.

关键词： figure source determination of viewpoint and visual field second-order differential image theory reconstruction figure source equation

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