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Identifying Scientific and Technical“Unicorns”

Journal of data and Information Science 2021年第2期6卷 96-115页

作者： Lucy L.Xu Miao Qi Fred Y.Ye Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service School of Information ManagementNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University Library Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Purpose:Using the metaphor of"unicorn,"we identify the scientific papers and technical patents characterized by the informetric feature of very high citations in the first ten years after publishing,which may provide a new pattern to understand very high impact works in science and ***/methodology/approach:When we set CT as the total citations of papers or patents in the first ten years after publication,with CT≥5,000 for scientific"unicorn"and CT≥500 for technical"unicorn,"we have an absolute standard for identifying scientific and technical"unicorn"***:We identify 165 scientific"unicorns"in 14,301,875 WoS papers and 224 technical"unicorns"in 13,728,950 DII patents during 2001–*** 50%of"unicorns"belong to biomedicine,in which selected cases are individually *** rare"unicorns"increase following linear model,the fitting data show 95%confidence with the RMSE of scientific"unicorn"is 0.2127 while the RMSE of technical"unicorn"is *** limitations:A"unicorn"is a pure quantitative consideration without concerning its quality,and"potential unicorns"as CT≤5,000 for papers and CT≤500 for patents are left in future *** implications:Scientific and technical"unicorns"provide a new pattern to understand high-impact works in science and ***"unicorn"pattern supplies a concise approach to identify very high-impact scientific papers and technical ***/value:The"unicorn"pattern supplies a concise approach to identify very high impact scientific papers and technical patents.

关键词： Unicorn Scientific paper Technical patent Citation analysis Patent analysis

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Zask: A case study on online collaborative learning

Zask: A case study on online collaborative learning

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10th IASTED International Conference on Web-Based Education, WBE 2013

作者： Wang, Xiaoyan Chen, Jinchuan Du, Xiaoyong School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China School of Information and Electrical Engineering Ludong University Shandong China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering MOE Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780889869431

Modern educational theories, such as collaborative learning, constructivism and inquiry learning, have achieved many successes in real-world applications. Especially, with the development of information technologies, there have been several online collaborative learning platforms in practice. Unfortunately, as these platforms are either too complicated or too expensive, none of them are suitable for us in the practice of STEM+. Moreover, most of these platforms are in English, while we are using Chinese as our teaching language. Using an online collaborative learning platform (OCLP) named Zask, this paper reported our practice in online collaborative learning on course Introduction to database System. According to the data collected from the first round of our practice, it shows that users' active participations in Zask could benefit for both teaching and learning, and then provide positive effects in education.

关键词： Teaching

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HDROP: Detecting ROP attacks using performance monitoring counters

HDROP: Detecting ROP attacks using performance monitoring co...

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10th International Conference on Information Security Practice and Experience, ISPEC 2014

作者： Zhou, Hongwei Wu, Xin Shi, Wenchang Yuan, Jinhui Liang, Bin Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Ministry of Education Beijing China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China Information Engineering University Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9783319063195

Combining short instruction sequences originated only from existing code pieces, Return Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks can bypass the code-integrity effort model. To defeat this kind of attacks, current approaches check every instruction executed on a processor, which results in heavy performance overheads. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach, called HDROP, to detecting the attacks. It utilizes the observation that ROP attacks often make branch predictor in modern processors fail to determine the accurate branch destination. With the support of PMC (Performance Monitoring Counters) that is capable of counting performance events, we catch the abnormal increase in branch mis-prediction and detect the existence of ROP attacks. In HDROP, each basic unit being checked consists of hundreds of instructions rather than a single one, which effectively avoids significant performance overheads. The prototype system we developed on commodity hardware shows that HDROP succeeds in detecting ROP attacks, and the performance tests demonstrate that our approach has acceptably lower overheads. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.

关键词： Computers

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MFSV: A truthfulness determination approach for fact statements

MFSV: A truthfulness determination approach for fact stateme...

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18th International Conference on database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2013

作者： Wang, Teng Zhu, Qing Wang, Shan Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Renmin University of China Beijing China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642374494

How to determine the truthfulness of a piece of information becomes an increasingly urgent need for users. In this paper, we propose a method called MFSV, to determine the truthfulness of fact statements. We first calculate the similarity between a piece of related information and the target fact statement and capture the credibility ranking of the related information through combining importance ranking and popularity ranking. Based on these, contributions of a piece of related information to the truthfulness determination is derived. Then we propose two methods to determine the truthfulness of the target fact statement. At last, we run comprehensive experiments to show MFSV's availability and high accuracy. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

关键词： Computers

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Semi-automatic online tagging with K-Medoid clustering

Semi-automatic online tagging with K-Medoid clustering

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作者： Hu, He Du, Xiaoyong School of Information Renmin University of China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering MoE No. 59 Zhongguancun St. Beijing100872 China

Online tagging is crucial for the acquisition and organization of web knowledge. We present TYG (Tag-as-You-Go) in this paper, a web browser extension for online tagging of personal knowledge on standard web pages. We investigate an approach to combine a K-Medoid-style clustering algorithm with the user input to achieve semi-automatic web page annotation. The annotation process supports user-defined tagging schema and comprises an automatic mechanism that is built upon clustering techniques, which can automatically group similar HTML DOM nodes into clusters corresponding to the user specification. TYG is a prototype system illustrating the proposed approach. Experiments with TYG show that our approach can achieve both efficiency and effectiveness in real world annotation scenarios. © 2014 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Websites

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PCQPR: Proactive Conversational Question Planning with Reflection

PCQPR: Proactive Conversational Question Planning with Refle...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Guo, Shasha Liao, Lizi Zhang, Jing Li, Cuiping Chen, Hong School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education China Singapore Management University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

Conversational Question Generation (CQG) enhances the interactivity of conversational question-answering systems in fields such as education, customer service, and entertainment. However, traditional CQG, focusing primarily on the immediate context, lacks the conversational foresight necessary to guide conversations toward specified conclusions. This limitation significantly restricts their ability to achieve conclusion-oriented conversational outcomes. In this work, we redefine the CQG task as Conclusion-driven Conversational Question Generation (CCQG) by focusing on proactivity, not merely reacting to the unfolding conversation but actively steering it towards a conclusion-oriented question-answer pair. To address this, we propose a novel approach, called Proactive Conversational Question Planning with self-Refining (PCQPR). Concretely, by integrating a planning algorithm inspired by Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with the analytical capabilities of large language models (LLMs), PCQPR predicts future conversation turns and continuously refines its questioning strategies. This iterative self-refining mechanism ensures the generation of contextually relevant questions strategically devised to reach a specified outcome. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that PCQPR significantly surpasses existing CQG methods, marking a paradigm shift towards conclusion-oriented conversational question-answering systems. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Multi-verifier: A novel method for fact statement verification

Multi-verifier: A novel method for fact statement verificati...

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15th Asia-Pacific Web Conference on Web Technologies and Applications, APWeb 2013

ISBN: (纸本)9783642374005

Untruthful information spreads on the web, which may mislead users or have a negative impact on user experience. In this paper, we propose a method called Multi-verifier to determine the truthfulness of a fact statement. The basic idea is that whether a fact statement is truthful or not depends on the information related to the fact statement. We utilize a popular search engine to collect the top-n search results that are most related to the target fact statement. We then propose support score to measure the extent to which a search result supports the fact statement, and we make use of credibility ranking to rank the search results. At last, we combine the support score and credibility ranking value of a search result to evaluate its contribution to a fact statement determination. Based on the contributions of the search results, we determine the fact statement. Our proposals are evaluated by experiments and results show availability and high precision of the proposed method. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Search engines

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FindCredPg: A novel method to find credible pages based on trust web graph

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14th Asia Pacific Web Technology Conference, APWeb 2012

作者： Wang, Teng Zhu, Qing Wang, Shan Liang, Jingfan Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Renmin University of China Beijing China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642292521

Finding credible pages is a challenging problem on the Web. Our key observation in this paper is that credible pages usually link to credible content-related pages, which is different from a normal page usually links to normal pages in spam page detection. We propose a novel method to find credible pages based on the trust web graph we define. This method first measures the content correlation between pages connected by hyperlinks, then it combines web link structure with content correlation value of pages to build a trust web graph. At last, credible pages are found successfully by using trust relation of vertices on the trust web graph. We construct a real-world data set by crawling millions of pages on the web and run a set of experiments on this data set. Experiment results show that the accuracy of this method is near 80% and the efficiency is higher. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Hypertext systems

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Summarizing large-scale database schema using community detection

Summarizing large-scale database schema using community dete...

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作者： Wang, Xue Zhou, Xuan Wang, Shan School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

Schema summarization on large-scale databases is a challenge. In a typical large database schema, a great proportion of the tables are closely connected through a few high degree tables. It is thus dificult to separate these tables into clusters that represent different topics. Moreover, as a schema can be very big, the schema summary needs to be structured into multiple levels, to further improve the usability. In this paper, we introduce a new schema summarization approach utilizing the techniques of community detection in social networks. Our approach contains three steps. First, we use a community detection algorithm to divide a database schema into subject groups, each representing a specific subject. Second, we cluster the subject groups into abstract domains to form a multi-level navigation structure. Third, we discover representative tables in each cluster to label the schema summary. We evaluate our approach on Freebase, a real world large-scale database. The results show that our approach can identify subject groups precisely. The generated abstract schema layers are very helpful for users to explore database. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC & Science Press, China.

关键词： database systems

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Random rough subspace based neural network ensemble for insurance fraud detection

Random rough subspace based neural network ensemble for insu...

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International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science

作者： Xu, Wei Wang, Shengnan Zhang, Dailing Yang, Bo Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543352

In this paper, a random rough subspace based neural network ensemble method is proposed for insurance fraud detection. In this method, rough set reduction is firstly employed to generate a set of reductions which can keep the consistency of data information. Secondly, the reductions are randomly selected to construct a subset of reductions. Thirdly, each of the selected reductions is used to train a neural network classifier based on the insurance data. Finally, the trained neural network classifiers are combined using ensemble strategies. For validation, a real automobile insurance case is used to test the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method with two popular evaluation criteria including the percentage correctly classified (PCC) and the receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The experimental results show that our proposed model outperforms single classifier and other models used in comparison. The findings of this study reseal that the random rough subspace based neural network ensemble method can provide a faster and more accurate way to find suspicious insurance claims, and it is a promising tool for insurance fraud detection. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Insurance

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