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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Florian Dörfler Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320658

The emergence of synchronization in a network of coupled oscillators is a pervasive topic in various scientific disciplines ranging from biology, physics, and chemistry to social networks and engineering applications. A coupled oscillator network is characterized by a population of heterogeneous oscillators and a graph describing the interaction among the oscillators. These two ingredients give rise to a rich dynamic behavior that keeps on fascinating the scientific community. In this article, we present a tutorial introduction to coupled oscillator networks, we review the vast literature on theory and applications, and we present a collection of different synchronization notions, conditions, and analysis approaches. We focus on the canonical phase oscillator models occurring in countless real-world synchronization phenomena, and present their rich phenomenology. We review a set of applications relevant to control scientists. We explore different approaches to phase and frequency synchronization, and we present a collection of synchronization conditions and performance estimates. For all results we present self-contained proofs that illustrate a sample of different analysis methods in a tutorial style.

关键词： Synchronization Oscillators Frequency synchronization Mathematical model Couplings Vehicle dynamics Analytical models

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Accuracy and decision time for sequential decision aggregation

Accuracy and decision time for sequential decision aggregati...

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作者： Dandach, Sandra H. Carli, Ruggero Bullo, Francesco Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 United States United Technologies Research Center East Hartford CT 06108 United States Department of Information Engineering University of Padova Padova 35131 Italy Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 United States

This paper studies prototypical strategies to sequentially aggregate independent decisions. We consider a collection of agents, each performing binary hypothesis testing and each obtaining a decision over time. We assume the agents are identical and receive independent information. Individual decisions are sequentially aggregated via a threshold-based rule. In other words, a collective decision is taken as soon as a specified number of agents report a concordant decision (simultaneous discordant decisions and no-decision outcomes are also handled). We obtain the following results. First, we characterize the probabilities of correct and wrong decisions as a function of time, group size, and decision threshold. The computational requirements of our approach are linear in the group size. Second, we consider the so-called fastest and majority rules, corresponding to specific decision thresholds. For these rules, we provide a comprehensive scalability analysis of both accuracy and decision time. In the limit of large group sizes, we show that the decision time for the fastest rule converges to the earliest possible individual time, and that the decision accuracy for the majority rule shows an exponential improvement over the individual accuracy. Additionally, via a theoretical and numerical analysis, we characterize various speed/accuracy tradeoffs. Finally, we relate our results to some recent observations reported in the cognitive information processing (CIP) literature. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Further Results on Distributed Secondary control in Microgrids

Further Results on Distributed Secondary Control in Microgri...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： Hedi Bouattour John W. Simpson-Porco Florian Dorfler Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara

ISBN: (纸本)9781467357159

This work presents several analysis and design results for primary droop control and secondary control in inductive microgrids. Building on our recent work, we study the problem of set point design in droop-controlled microgrids, and provide a choice of droop coefficients leading to the desired power flows. We then compare and contrast two distributed secondary controllers, and extend them to the case where only a fraction of inverters cooperate in regulating the network frequency. We show that both these secondary-control schemes achieve frequency regulation in the presence of resistive losses.

关键词： Inverters Synchronization Stability analysis Microgrids Frequency control Steady-state Vectors

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Opinion dynamics and social power evolution: A single-timescale model

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Jia, Peng Friedkin, Noah E. Bullo, Francesco Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara

This paper studies the evolution of self-appraisal and social power, for a group of individuals who discuss and form opinions. We consider a modification of the recently proposed DeGroot-Friedkin (DF) model, in which the opinion formation process takes place on the same timescale as the reflected appraisal process;we call this new model the single-timescale DF model. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the equilibria and convergence properties of the model for the settings of irreducible and reducible influence networks. For the setting of irreducible influence networks, the single-timescale DF model has the same behavior as the original DF model, that is, it predicts among other things that the social power ranking among individuals is asymptotically equal to their centrality ranking, that social power tends to accumulate at the top of the centrality ranking hierarchy, and that an autocratic (resp., democratic) power structure arises when the centrality scores are maximally nonuniform (resp., uniform). For the setting of reducible influence networks, the single-timescale DF model behaves differently from the original DF model in two ways. First, an individual, who corresponds to a reducible node in a reducible influence network, can keep all social power in the single-timescale DF model if the initial condition does so, whereas its social power asymptotically vanishes in the original DF model. Second, when the associated network has multiple sinks, the two models behave very differently: the original DF model has a single globally-attractive equilibrium, whereas any partition of social power among the sinks is allowable at equilibrium in the single-timescale DF model. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： dynamical systems

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Supervisory control of nonlinear systems

Supervisory control of nonlinear systems

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： João P. Hespanha Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California Santa Barbara

The control of nonlinear systems with large uncertainty is especially challenging. In spite of this, significant progress has been made in the area of multi-model supervisory control.

关键词： Supervisory control Nonlinear systems Noise Robustness Uncertainty Process control

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Cyber-Physical Attacks in Power Networks: Models, Fundamental Limitations and Monitor Design

Cyber-Physical Attacks in Power Networks: Models, Fundamenta...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Fabio Pasqualetti Florian Dorfler Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006

Future power networks will be characterized by safe and reliable functionality against physical and cyber attacks. This paper proposes a unified framework and advanced monitoring procedures to detect and identify network components malfunction or measurements corruption caused by an omniscient adversary. We model a power system under cyber-physical attack as a linear time-invariant descriptor system with unknown inputs. Our attack model generalizes the prototypical stealth, (dynamic) false-data injection and replay attacks. We characterize the fundamental limitations of both static and dynamic procedures for attack detection and identification. Additionally, we design provably-correct (dynamic) detection and identification procedures based on tools from geometric control theory. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of our method through a comparison with existing (static) detection algorithms, and through a numerical study.

关键词： Power grids Detection algorithms Detection and identification control Theory power systems

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A Dynamic Boundary Guarding Problem with Translating Targets

A Dynamic Boundary Guarding Problem with Translating Targets

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Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and control and 28th Chinese control Conference

作者： Stephen L.Smith Shaunak D.Bopardikar Francesco Bullo the Center for Control Dynamical Systems and ComputationUniversity of California at Santa Barbara

We introduce a problem in which a service vehicle seeks to defend a deadline(boundary) from dynamically arriving mobile targets. The environment is a rectangle and the deadline is one of its edges. Targets arrive continuously over time on the edge opposite the deadline, and move towards the deadline at a fixed speed. The goal for the vehicle is to maximize the fraction of targets that are captured before reaching the deadline. We consider two cases;when the service vehicle is faster than the targets, and;when the service vehicle is slower than the targets. In the first case we develop a novel vehicle policy based on computing longest paths in a directed acyclic graph. We give a lower bound on the capture fraction of the policy and show that the policy is optimal when the distance between the target arrival edge and deadline becomes very large. We present numerical results which suggest near optimal performance away from this limiting regime. In the second case,when the targets are slower than the vehicle, we propose a policy based on servicing fractions of the translational minimum Hamiltonian path. In the limit of low target speed and high arrival rate, the capture fraction of this policy is within a small constant factor of the optimal.

关键词： service A Dynamic Boundary Guarding Problem with Translating Targets

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Novel results on slow coherency in consensus and power networks

Novel results on slow coherency in consensus and power netwo...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Diego Romeres Florian Dörfler Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California Santa Barbara

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901890

We revisit the classic slow coherency and area aggregation approach to model reduction in power networks. The slow coherency approach is based on identifying sparsely and densely connected areas of a network, within which all generators swing coherently. A time-scale separation and singular perturbation analysis then results in a reduced low-order system, where coherent areas are collapsed into aggregate variables. Here, we study the application of slow coherency and area aggregation to first-order consensus systems and second-order power system swing dynamics. We unify different theoretic approaches and ideas found throughout the literature, we relax some technical assumptions, and we extend existing results. In particular, we provide a complete analysis of the second-order swing dynamics - without restrictive assumptions on the system damping. Moreover, we identify the reduced aggregate models as generalized first or second-order Laplacian flows with multiple time constants, aggregate damping and inertia matrices, and possibly adverse interactions.

关键词： Aggregates Laplace equations Power system dynamics Symmetric matrices Damping Vectors Generators

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Cyber-Physical Security via Geometric control: Distributed Monitoring and Malicious Attacks

Cyber-Physical Security via Geometric Control: Distributed M...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： Fabio Pasqualetti Florian Dorfler Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California at Santa Barbara

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320658

Cyber-physical systems are ubiquitous in power systems, transportation networks, industrial processes, and critical infrastructures. These systems need to operate reliably in the face of unforeseen failures and external malicious attacks. This paper summarizes and extends our results on the security of cyber-physical systems based on geometric control theory: (i) we propose a mathematical framework for cyber-physical systems, attacks, and monitors;(ii) we characterize fundamental monitoring limitations from system-theoretic and graph-theoretic perspectives;and (iii) we design centralized and distributed attack detection and identification monitors. Finally, we design an attack strategy for a group of power generators to physically compromise the functionality of other generators. Novel contributions include a more general framework, the design of novel centralized and distributed identification monitors, and the attack design case study.

关键词： Monitoring Security control systems Noise Generators control theory Power generation

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Distributed multi-camera synchronization for smart-intruder detection

Distributed multi-camera synchronization for smart-intruder ...

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American control Conference

作者： Markus Spindler Fabio Pasqualetti Francesco Bullo Center for Control Dynamical Systems and Computation University of California Santa Barbara

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710957

This work proposes algorithms to control the trajectory of a team of cameras for video surveillance. We consider a chain of cameras installed in an environment. These cameras are used to detect smart intruders, who are aware of the cameras' configuration at each time instant, and who schedule their motion to avoid detection, if possible. For this problem setup, we first obtain a lower bound on the worst-case and on the average detection time of a smart intruder. We then propose a team trajectory for the cameras, called the equal-waiting trajectory, with minimum worst-case detection time and constant-factor optimal average detection time. Additionally, we design and analyse a distributed algorithm to steer the cameras in finite time towards the equal-waiting trajectory. Finally, the performance and robustness of our distributed algorithm is further analyzed through a simulation study.

关键词： Cameras Trajectory Synchronization Distributed algorithms Clustering algorithms Robustness Surveillance

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