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Effects of bidirectional interaction on inelastic seismic response:When is its effect significant?

Earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2025年第1期24卷 113-134页

作者： Atanu Santra Rana Roy Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur 711103India

Motivated by the early works on bidirectional interaction and the breakthrough to estimate seismic response to bidirectional shaking via unidirectional analysis,it is essential to answer the question:When is the interaction effect significant?Early works concluded that the effect of interaction is pronounced for stiff systems;consequently,the straightforward method for estimating seismic response to bidirectional excitation by using unidirectional analyses is verified primarily for short period ***,it is essential to identify the domain of significance for bidirectional interaction before adopting this simple methodology in *** parametrically defined systems with elastoplastic and degrading hysteresis models are studied under near-fault motions,assuming strength-independent and strength-dependent *** force-based and displacement-based analyses,conducted in parallel,reveal that the interaction effect is considerable for stiff systems,especially with degrading characteristics in a relatively low inelasticity ***,the bidirectional effect may be significant even for highly flexible systems,especially for residual deformation,which in earlier works was *** range of significance depends on the hysteresis model,system parameters,and response *** analysis is carried out with the results of the case studies,and the derived regression models may be used for a preliminary assessment of the impact of interaction in advance.

关键词： bidirectional residual forward-directive fling force-based displacement-based regression

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Harnessing Machine Learning in Dynamic Thermal Management in Embedded CPU-GPU Platforms

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ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 2025年第2期30卷 1-32页

作者： Maity, Srijeeta Majumder, Anirban Roy, Rudrajyoti Hota, Ashish Dey, Soumyajit Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India Electronics And Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India

With increasing transistor density, modern heterogeneous embedded processors often exhibit high temperature gradients due to complex application scheduling scenarios which may have missed design considerations. In many use cases, off-chip "active"cooling solutions are considered prohibitive in such reduced form factors. Core frequency throttling by existing dynamic thermal management techniques often compromises the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and violates real-time deadlines. This necessitates the adoption of intelligent resource management that simultaneously manages both thermal and latency performance. Coupled with the complexity of modern heterogeneous multi-cores, the periodic application updates that cater to ever-changing user requirements often render model-driven thermal-aware resource allocation approaches unsuitable for heterogeneous multi-core systems. For such application-architecture scenarios, we propose a novel self-learning based resource manager using Reinforcement Learning that intelligently manipulates core frequencies and task set mappings to fulfill thermal and latency objectives. Our framework employs a data-driven system modeling technique using Gaussian Process Regression to enable efficient offline training of this learning-based resource manager to avoid challenges associated with initial online training. We evaluate the approach on a heterogeneous embedded CPU-GPU platform with real workloads and observe a significant reduction in peak operating temperature when compared to the default onboard frequency governor as well as other learning-based state-of-the-art approaches. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Quality of service

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Deformation Behavior of Commercially Pure Titanium Subjected to Blast Assisted Deformation: New Insights on f112̅1g Extension Twinning

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Materials Transactions 2025年第5期66卷 521-531页

作者： Bisht, Anuj Subburaj, Janardhanraj Jagadeesh, Gopalan Suwas, Satyam Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee India Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

In the present work, the microstructure and texture evolution in commercially pure titanium subjected to blast assisted deformation has been investigated by means of electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The evolved texture in the deformed material is primarily attributed to the dominant h1¯010i 64.4° contraction twinning. Other deformation twins were also observed in a low fraction. A uniform dislocation background with other microstructural features observed suggested the formation of a superimposed microstructure in the material. f112¯1g extension twins (ET2) with a thick uniform pile-up of dislocation along its boundary have formed in the material. Parts of ET2 have detwinned leaving gaps along the twin length, revealing the unstable nature of ET2 twins. The in-depth microstructural analysis reveals the ET2 twin formation mechanism, where the instability developed in the material due to progressive lattice rotation via accumulative slip is relieved by ET2 twin formation by atomic shuffling. The gaps (local detwinning) observed in the present case is attributed to the transient oscillatory response of the material under impulsive loading, which has been previously reported in the literature. ©2025 The Japan institute of Metals and Materials.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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Laser surface treatment for enhanced surface quality of Si3N4 + SiO2 wave-transparent ceramics

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Ceramics International 2025年第13期51卷 17079-17089页

作者： Gupta, Rajaram Kumar Rana, Divya Deva, Dinesh Pal, Vijay Kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jammu & Kashmir 181221 India Department of Material Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 India Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 India

Si₃N₄ + SiO₂-based wave-transparent ceramics are valued for their excellent mechanical strength and superior dielectric properties, making them suitable for radome applications. A recent study explored the production of these ceramics through compression molding of green pellets, followed by sintering (at 1500 °C). However, further improvements in mechanical properties without compromising dielectric performance are essential for use in harsh conditions. In this study, surface treatment using a CO₂ laser with a 10.6 μm wavelength was applied to green Si₃N₄ + SiO₂ ceramic compacts (GP), prepared by compression molding at 1912 MPa, to investigate changes in surface integrity, microstructure, and chemical composition before and after sintering. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that oxidation began at 700 °C, with a mass gain of 18 % up to 1500 °C. XRD and XPS confirmed Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ phases in the green pellets, with optimal laser parameters (10 W power, 15 mm/s) maximizing SiO₂ formation and inducing compressive residual stresses, of up to −128 MPa on green ceramic surface to −2045 MPa after sintering. This treatment significantly improved microhardness, increasing from 1566 ± 6.7 HV₀.₁ in untreated sintered samples to 1651 ± 7.1 HV₀.₁ in sintered, laser-treated samples. XRD results confirmed the formation of Si₃N₄, cristobalite-SiO₂, and Si₂N₂O phases in the laser-treated sintered ceramics which was also confirmed by the SEM micrograph. Line EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy) verified that the elemental composition of the laser-treated sintered surface remained consistent with that of the untreated sintered surface. These findings demonstrate that CO₂ laser treatment significantly enhances the mechanical properties of Si₃N₄-SiO₂ ceramics without compromising their dielectric performance, thereby greatly improving the material's suitability for radome applications in challenging environmental conditions. © 2025

关键词： Compression molding

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"Survey and analysis of blockchain technologies with respect to: properties, algorithms, architecture, models, evolution and framework"

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13571-13615页

作者： Tiwari, Nikita Ranjan, Prakash Biswal, Pradeep Kumar Barde, Chetan Sinha, Neha Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Bhagalpur Bhagalpur India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Bhagalpur Bhagalpur India

The growing realm of blockchain technology has captivated researchers and practitioners alike with its promise of decentralized, secure, and transparent transactions. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and analysis of various blockchain technologies, focusing on their fundamental properties, architectural designs, operational models, evolutionary trends, and overarching frameworks. Through an extensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, this research synthesizes the multifaceted landscape of blockchain, elucidating key concepts such as consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, scalability, interoperability, and privacy protocols. By examining the evolution of blockchain from its inception to its current state and beyond, this paper delineates the trajectory of technological advancements and identifies emerging paradigms. Furthermore, it critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of diverse blockchain architectures and models, offering insights into their applicability across different domains and use cases. Finally, this study culminates in the proposal of a comprehensive framework that encapsulates the essential elements necessary for understanding, implementing, and harnessing the transformative potential of blockchain technologies. Through this holistic analysis, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of blockchain ecosystems and provides valuable guidance for future research directions and practical implementations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blockchain

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Cellular Automaton–Based Sentiment Analysis for Bipolar Classification of Reviews

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Complex Systems 2025年第1期34卷 29-57页

作者： Elizabeth, M.J. Chaudhuri, Parimal Pal Hazari, Raju Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Kerala Calicut India Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

One of the main goals of sentiment analysis is to analyze human perception to continuously adapt to each person’s demands. The information gathered is structured to understand the mood or emotional tone of the reviews and comments. In every aspect of society, there is always an opportunity for opinions and suggestions from the public. So, the quality of the services provided by various resources can considerably increase if we can determine whether those thoughts are positive, negative or neutral. In this paper, we employ cellular automata (CAs) to categorize the reviews as positive or negative. The fundamental advantage of the suggested technique is that there is less need to be concerned about the linguistic characteristics of human languages. The proposed method performs better by leveraging a variety of parameters that are extracted by analyzing cycle length (CL) graphs generated using CL signals produced by elementary CAs (ECAs) without employing any form of pre-trained language model. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed cellular automaton–based machine learning (CAML) classifier by assessing certain parameters such as recall, precision, F1 score and accuracy. Our method achieves a maximum accuracy of 92.44% for the sentiment tweet dataset. We compared the proposed technique with all existing machine learning models, as well as recent methodologies employed in the field. The suggested method performs well in predicting the positive and negative classes of sentiments using CAs. © 2025, Complex Systems Publications, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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A New Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion System Using Double-Inverter-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Generator

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 347-359页

作者： Nanda, Anirban Hari, V. S. S. Pavan Kumar Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Energy Science and Engineering Mumbai400076 India

The double-inverter-fed wound rotor induction generator (DI-WRIG) is proposed in this article as a potential candidate for wind energy conversion system (WECS) because of its increased freedom of control, wide speed range and efficient operation. By controlling the frequencies of the supplied voltages to both stator and rotor terminals of the generator, it is possible to operate the DI-WRIG in super-synchronous mode at any shaft speed, enabling efficient operation over the entire speed range. Further, the efficiency of a DI-WRIG can be maximized by appropriate selection of the total magnetizing current, the supply frequencies and the sharing of magnetizing current between stator and rotor, for a given turbine power curve. Design considerations of the proposed DI-WRIG for application in wind energy conversion are discussed. Moreover, an offline approach to derive optimum operating conditions of the generator for a given wind turbine characteristics is presented in this article. Experimental results are presented from a 7.5 kW laboratory-scale WECS prototype to demonstrate the performance of the proposed wind turbine generator. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stators

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Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries with carbon-coated silicon-graphite composite anodes: impact of silicon content on cradle-to-gate environmental footprint

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2025年 1-15页

作者： Vijaya Nema, Puneet Kumar Kalita, Pankaj Thangavel, Ranjith School of Energy Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam Guwahati781039 India

Silicon has garnered increased attention as a potential next-generation anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its abundant availability and remarkable theoretical specific capacity. This study utilizes a life cycle assessment approach to analyze the cradle-to-gate environmental implications of a 1 kWh lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery featuring a carbon-coated silicon-graphite composite anode with varying silicon content ranging from 5 to 100%. The outcomes are compared with those of a 1 kWh graphite-lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide battery. The findings indicate that within silicon-based LIBs, batteries with higher silicon content exhibit reduced environmental impacts due to their enhanced specific capacity. At 5% silicon, the life cycle impacts are comparable to those of graphite-based LIBs, and significant reductions in impacts can be achieved by increasing the silicon content. Moreover, emissions during the manufacturing phase can be reduced by adopting renewable energy sources or an energy mix that is less reliant on fossil fuels. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Anodes

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HeRo: Heuristic-Based Routing in Payment Channel Networks

IEEE Networking Letters

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IEEE Networking Letters 2025年第1期7卷 56-60页

作者： Mishra, Shruti Aggarwal, Virat Pal, Sujata Agarwal, Vidushi Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rupnagar140001 India

Payment channels support off-chain transactions by enhancing transaction speed and reducing fees in the main blockchain. However, the costs and complexity of the network increase as we increase the size of the network. To address these challenges, we propose Heuristic-Based Routing with Scheduling (HeRo) combining heuristic-based routing and scheduling techniques in Payment Channel Networks (PCNs). HeRo achieves a cost reduction of 32.71% and 73.08% compared with multi-charge PCN (MPCN-RP) and Dijkstra algorithms, respectively. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Network routing

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Electric Discharge Machining with Graphene Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (Gr Al MMC) Tool for EN 31 Die Steel Work Piece

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 2025年第2期106卷 541-551页

作者： Mondal, Subrata Paul, Goutam Mondol, Koustov Mondal, Subhas Chandra University of Engineering and Management WB Kolkata India Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Howrah WB Shibpur India

The addition of graphene to aluminium (Al) matrices has garnered significant attention for machining operations and EDM toolmaking. In this study, the primary objective was to explore the behaviour of Graphene-reinforced Al metal matrix composites (Gr-Al MMCs) during the EDM process when used as tool material on EN 31 die steel workpiece. Gr-Al MMCs was prepared using powder metallurgy, with graphene incorporated in three different compositions (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight), along with copper (5% by weight) and silicon carbide (2% by weight). These materials were processed using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array into cylindrical shapes of 19 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter, forming nine different samples. Each of the sample was employed in experimentation for every run of the EDM die sinking operation, utilizing the above tool-workpiece combination. SEM images were taken using a Scanning Electron Microscope (HITACHI S-3400 N) which shows micro voids and recast layers in the microstructure of the tool and the workpiece. By employing Taguchi L9 design of experiments and Signal to Noise ratio analysis, optimal EDM parameters were identified: low current-Ip (1 amp), medium pulse-on time-Ton (75 µs), and low gap voltage-Sv (30 V) for minimum tool wear, while a medium gap voltage (40 V) yielded maximum Material Removal Rate (MRR). © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Metallic matrix composites

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