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Design Evaluation and Model of Attention Demand (DEMAnD): A tool for in-vehicle information system designers

Public Roads 2000年第3期64卷 10-14页

作者： Monk, Christopher A. Moyer, M. Joseph Hankey, Jonathan M. Dingus, Thomas A. Hanowski, Richard J. Wierwille, Walter W. Science Applications International Corp. Human-Centered Systems Team's Intelligent Transportation Systems Program Federal Highway Administration's Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center McLean VA United States Human-Centered Systems Team FHWA's Office of Safety Research and Development Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Advanced Product Evaluation Group Virginia Tech Transportation Institute Blacksburg VA United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Tech. Transportation Institute Blacksburg VA United States Safety and Human Factors Group Virginia Tech. Transportation Institute Blacksburg VA United States

An in-vehicle information system (IVIS) has been developed designed to evaluate the demands placed on drivers attentional resources. A behavioral model predicting the driver's interaction with the program was analyzed. A prototype software package was used to evaluate the attention demand required to operate a given IVIS. The developmental and functional aspects of the program provided information on the status of the prototype software.

关键词： Intelligent vehicle highway systems

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Uniform National Discharge Standards - Overview and implications for future naval engineering

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 219-235页

作者： Kopack, D Smith, G Kim, D Erne, DL David F. Kopack:is a Program Manager in the Naval Sea Systems Command Office of Environmenta1 Protection Occupational Safety and Health SEA 00T. Mr. Kopack received his bachelor and master of science degrees in the physical sciences and management from the University of Maryland. Mr. Kopack has 20 years of experience in ship design and engineering industrial facility operations and program management. Gordon D. Smith:is a Chemical Engineer with the Carderock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center in Bethesda Maryland and is working in the Naval Sea Systems Command Environmental and Auxiliary Systems Group. SEA 03L. Mr. Smith received his bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from The Ohio State University. He has over 13 years of ronmental issues. In addition to supporting the development of Uniform National Discharge Standards he has been involved in research design testing and development of pollution abatement technologies suitable for use aboard Navy Ships. Don K. Kim:is a Senior Mechanical Engineer with the naval architecture and marine engineering firm of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Kim received his bachelor of science and master of engineering degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the Commonwealth of Virgina. Mr. Kim has ten years of experience in the design installation maintenance and repair of shipboard mechanical systems equipment and components with specific expertise in compressor pump and fan design and operation. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineer. David L. Erne:is an Associate with Booz Allen and Hamilton Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Erne received his bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from the University of Idaho. He has over twelve years of experience in environmental program management and consulting. In addition to his support for the Uniform National Discharge Standards prog

In the Fiscal Year 1996 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress amended the Clean Water Act to provide the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency authority to jointly establish standards for incidental discharges from Armed Forces' vessels. The uniform national standards would apply to discharges from vessels of the Navy, Military Sealift Command, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard to the navigable waters and contiguous zone of the U.S. and its territories. Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) will require control of discharges, by either a technology or management practice. UNDS will facilitate the Armed Forces' ability to better design and build future vessels to be environmentally sound and to maintain the operational flexibility of Armed Forces' vessels both domestically and internationally. The development of standards for Armed Forces' vessel discharges may have greater impact on naval engineering requirements for future vessels than any other single environmental issue, These standards are expected to stimulate the development of innovative vessel pollution control technologies, which on be used for both Armed Forces' vessels and commercial shipping vessels. This paper provides an overview of UNDS development, summarizes the results of UNDS Phase I, provides a summary overview of the preliminary approach for accomplishing UNDS Phase Il, and discusses implications for future naval engineering efforts.

关键词： Replenishment at sea homeland defense shipbuilding Military Personnel Uniform home range Treated water Naval engineering Uniforms Implication Clean Water Act Coastguards

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Probabilistic risk analysis of diesel power generators onboard ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 35-58页

作者： Ayyub, BM Karaszewski, ZJ Wade, M Bilal M. Ayyub.:is a Professor of Civil Enginnering and the Director of the Center for Technology and Systems Management at the University of Maryland (College Park). He is also a researcher and consultant in the areas of structural engineering inspection methods and practices reliability and risk analysis. He completed his B.S. degree in civil engineering in 1980 and completed both the M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in uncertainty modeling and marine structural reliability marine structures uncertainty modeling and anaylsis and mathematical medeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. He has completed several research projects that were funded by the NSF USCG USN the USACE ASME and several engineering companies. Dr. Ayyub served the engineering community in various capacities through societies that include ASNE ASCE ASME SNAME IEEECS and NAFIPS. He is the authour and co-author of about 250 publications in journals and conference proceedings and reports. His publications include edited books textbooks and book chapters. Dr. Ayyub is the only double recipient of the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for the best papers in the Naval Engineers Journal in 1985 and 1992. Also he received the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Walter L. Huber Research Prize in 1997 and the K.S. Fu Award of NAFIPS in 1995. He is a registered Professional Engineer (PE) with the State of Maryland. Zbigniew J. Karaszewski:is the Associate Director of the University of Maryland's Center for Technology and Systems Management and technical director of the Center for Maritime Leadership. He is a Systems Engineering and Management Consultant specializing in life cycle system support business systems auditing and risk management and loss prevention. Mr. Karasezewski has 30 years of experience in the field of systems performance analysis and management as a practitioner and teacher

In this paper, a methodology and guidelines for applying risk methods in design and operation of maritime systems were developed and demonstrated using a case study of marine diesel generators. The methodology consists of several modules that include system definition based on functional and performance requirements, definition of dependencies among subsystems, data collection and reduction, reliability and risk analyses, and results reduction for use in decision analysis. The methodology was used to assess and analyze typical service diesel generators found onboard ships. The analysis included the generation of cut sets for the overall reliability of the system. The most likely failure scenarios were determined by demonstration as the failure of fuel supply components. The results are consistent with previous findings of the U.S. Coast Guard.

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Environmental compliance: Requirements and technology opportunities for future ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 349-369页

作者： Nickens, AD Pizzino, JF Crane, CH Anthony D. Nickens:is the research and development progrma a manager for the Navy's Environmental Protection Program at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R).He is responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and precedures to assure compliance with maritime environmental laws and regulations He holds an M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Florida and a B.S. degree i chemical engineering magna cum laude from the North Carolina State University. In addition he successufully completed the twenty-week Program Management Course at the Defense Systems management College in Fort Belvoir Virginia and the Executive Program at the University of Virginia Darden Graduate School of Business. He is also an engineering duty officer in the Navy reserves and a previous author and frequent contributor to Naval Engineers Journal. Josepe F. Pizzino:is a Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Employee working at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R). He is a research and development program manager for the Navy's Environment Protection Program responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and procedures to assure combliance with maritime environment laws and regulations. Prior to his present assignment he was project engineer for the development os shipboard and life-boat reverse osmosis desalination systems both of which are persently being unstalled aboard Navy ships. He holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Marland and an M.S. degree in chimical engineering from The Catholic Uhiversity of America. Chirstopher H. Crane:is a senior scientist at Geo-Centrs Inc. where he has provided technical program and dcumentation support for Navy headquarters shipboard environmental programs since 1989. Previouss grover

Navy ships must be able to operate anywhere in the world and visit any port unencumbered by environmental restrictions. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OCNO) has formulated a vision for the environmentally sound ship of the 21st century, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements applicable to Navy ships, while maintaining fleet effectiveness and readiness. Navy ships generate a variety of solid and liquid wastes and atmospheric emissions. Ships have limited capabilities for holding wastes for offload to shore. Working closely with the OCNO, the Naval Sea systems Command (NavSea) is developing systems, equipment, and procedures to process and manage ship wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. Several pieces of shipboard equipment have been successfully developed to process solid and liquid waste, hazardous materials and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The technologies and practices being developed under this program will: ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations, significantly reduce the logistic burdens and costs associated with shoreside offload and disposal of ship wastes, implement Navy environmental and occupational safety and health policies, enhance the quality of life aboard ship, and continue the Navy's leadership role in protecting the marine environment.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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SHIP SELF-DEFENSE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 208-219页

作者： POLK, J MCCANTS, T GRABAREK, R James Polk:is currently a principal financial and technical advisor for PRC Inc. He is working in support of PEO (TAD) Ship Self-Defense Program in several areas including performance assessment. He retired from the Navy in 1991 after several years at sea and various material command assignment including command of Caron (DD-970) and Aegis technical director. He is an ASNE Member who has an MS in physics from the Naval Postgraduate School. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a BS in civil engineering and earned his commission through the NROTC program there. Thomas H. McCants Jr.:is currently a principal system engineer in the ship defense department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. He is supporting the PEO (TAD) in systems engineering and analysis and is supporting the Office of Naval Research in a 6.2 Ship Self-Defense program. He was previously the lead lab program manager for STANDARD Missile led the Aegis Systems Analysis and T&E organization at NSWC was Phalanx CIWS lead lab program manager and was the air target vulnerability program manager at the Center. In 1977–78 Mr. McCants was the NSAP science advisor to COMOPTEVFOR Norfolk. He graduated from VPI&SU with a BS in aerospace engineering and is pursuing a MS in systems engineering from VPI&SU. Robert Grabarek:is currently an electronics engineer in the requirements and analysis branch of the Ship Self-Defense Program Office. He is a 1981 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served six years on active duty as a surface warfare officer. He has earned his MA in operations research and industrial engineering from VPI&SU.

Robust ship AAW defense capability is a priority requirement that enables Naval Forces to conduct joint expeditionary force operations in littoral environments. As an aid to achieving this capability for all ship classes, the Navy has reorganized its management of ship defense. A major focus of these efforts is the development of a fully automatic, integrated combat system for non-Aegis ships which is based on coordinated detection, control, and hard kill/electronic warfare (HK/EW) engagement functions. A phased approach to attaining this fully integrated capability has been established which includes major element upgrade introduction when technology and budget permit. This paper describes the ship self-defense performance assessment methodology which has been adopted to support the review and decision process for future planning and budgeting. This process is a continuation and refinement of that used to provide data for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Fall 1991 Conventional systems Committee Ship Self-Defense Review. The performance assessment methodology starts with definition of survivability requirements by ship class, combat system configurations, Anti-Ship Missile threat, and operational scenario. Viable self-defense system element options are then identified. The capability of these options are then characterized for input into ship level performance prediction models. Three partitions of performance prediction modeling are made: hard kill elements only, electronic warfare element only, and integrated HK/EW. The most significant accomplishment of this effort, beyond providing data to support programmatic decision, has been the creation of a truly integrated HK/EW surface ship combat system model that interleaves HK and EW timelines and allows parametric variation to evaluate options. Because of classification, only generic examples of numerical result will be presented. However, the procedures for establishing the modelling process, prioritization of

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COMPARISON OF SHOCK TEST METHODS OF MIL-S-901 DERIVED FROM TESTS ON A CIRCUIT-BREAKER AND SWITCHBOARD

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 178-190页

作者： BRADLEY, TL DAVES, TM MCCAMPBELL, SL YKEMA, JI Thomas L. Bradley Jr:. is director of program management of SPD Technologies research and development group in Philadelphia Pa. He has twenty years of experience on Navy shipboard electrical power protective systems and electrical switchgear. Mr. Bradley received a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Villanova University. He is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. Ted M. Daves:is president of Hi-Test Laboratories Inc. Mr. Daves has devoted his professional career to Navy shock survivability testing programs to support shock qualification research on hull mechanical electrical and combat systems for both surface ships and submarines. He has twenty years of experience in lightweight medium weight and heavyweight shock qualification programs and has conducted shock survivability inspections at the component and systems level on almost all types of machinery and equipment that require MIL-S-901 shock qualification. He received his B.S. degree in industrial technology from Western Carolina University in 1970 and is a member of ASNE IES Shock and Vibration Information Center and ADPA. Steven L. McCampbell P.E:. is the engineering supervisor and senior technical officer at Hi-Test Laboratories Inc. where he has worked in direct support of Navy shock and vibration testing programs since 1978. His work includes test program management testing machine design and solution of design problems encountered by machinery and equipment undergoing shock and vibration qualification. He is familiar with instrumentation systems and methods data reduction and data interpretation. He received his B.S. in civil engineering from the University of Virginia in 1985. John I. Ykema P.E:. is vice president and chief technical officer at SPD Technologies Philadelphia Pa. He has served in various capacities within SPD (formerly I-T-E) since 1955. He served for three years (1951–1954) with NavSea (formerly BuShips) engineering electrical power systems for aircraft carriers and cruisers. Mr. Ykema received his M.S. degree

For shipboard equipment to qualify as shock-hardened, it must pass a shock test in accordance with the military shock test specification, MIL-S-901 [1]. The test methods prescribed by MIL-S-901 have gone essentially unchanged since 1963. All equipment is divided into three test categories, depending on weight, and a different shock test machine is specified for each weight category. The heavy weight category is further sub-divided depending on the method of mounting within the ship, namely deck mounted or hull mounted. The authors have observed cases when equipment passing MIL-S-901 shock qualification testing using one method (e.g., the medium weight) failed when tested on another method (e.g., the floating shock platform). Concern about this difference in shock phenomena between the approved equipment performance stimulated the authors to perform the testing and analysis presented in this paper. The thirty year old test methods which have contributed significantly to shock survivability may not always simulate adequately the actual shipboard installation during shock qualification testing, thus leading to a false confidence level that all qualified equipment will perform well in combat. To explore the possible variations in shock phenomena from the different methods, an extensive testing program was conducted whereby a 100 ampere circuit breaker was subjected to shock testing under the four methods outlined in MIL-S-901D, namely, lightweight, medium weight, heavy weight deck, and heavy weight hull. The data gathered during the testing, and the performance of the equipment under test, were both evaluated and analyzed to observe differences in shock phenomena from each of the four different test methods. The shock testing methods, the equipment which was subjected to test, the test procedures, and the results of the investigation are described in this paper. The recommendations suggest improvements to the Navy shock testing methods and procedures.

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HISTORY OF COAST-GUARD SURFACE EFFECT SHIP PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 237-250页

作者： LARIMER, G MCCOLLUM, J SCHAUB, B VANLIEW, D WHIPPLE, C Gary Larimer:received his B.S. (1974) and M.S. (1975) degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. He has worked with the Bechtel Professional Corporation the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and the United States Coast Guard. He is a member of SNAME ASNE ABYC and IMTI. He is the author of “Reaction Fin Applications In Marine Propulsion” which documented the use of asymmetric pre-swirl vanes to increase propulsion efficiency aboard a 41-ft Coast Guard utility boat. It was presented on 5 March 1987 at the Hampton Roads section of SNAME and was nominated for the section paper of the year award. CWO3 Joe Bobby McCollum USCG: iscurrently engineering officer of the Surface Effect Ship Division Seventh Coast Guard District Key West Florida. Prior to this assignment he was assistant engineering officer on the USCGCUte.His other duty tours included engineering assignments on theCape Currenta 95-foot patrol boat on the USCGCUnimak a 311-foot cutter CG Loran Station Upolo Point Hawaii and CG Station Sabine Pass Texas. CWO McCollum was responsible for modifying and repairing the SESs and contributed many unique problem solving ideas which resulted in much improved operation of the Coast Guard Surface Effect Ship Division. Benton H. Schaub:is a senior engineer with Maritime Dynamics Inc. He has a bachelor of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Schaub has fifteen years of experience working as a test engineer project engineer and design engineer on advanced marine vehicle projects and is a recognized authority in the areas of hull structure seal system and machinery design for surface effect ships. He has participated in virtually every USN SES design development and test evaluation program including: XR-5 XR-10 SES-100A SES-100A1 and the SES-200. He is currently responsible for performing detailed design and analysis in support of the seal system for the Germa

During the early 1980s the United States Coast Guard took delivery of three surface effect ships (SES) from Bell Halter, Inc. These 136-ton, 30-knot plus, aluminum hulled cutters were to be used primarily for drug interdiction in the southeastern United States. By early 1985, however, the full load weight of these cutters had grown to 150 long tons, and their top speed had dropped to below 23 knots in calm water. By mid-1985, operation of all three SESs was suspended to prevent possible catastrophic failure of their main engines. At this point, the USCG joined ranks with Textron Marine systems (then Bell Aerospace), and Detroit Diesel to analyze what had gone wrong, and to propose solutions to the problems encountered. From that beginning, the performance of the Coast Guard's SESs has steadily and dramatically improved until at present all three cutters are able to exceed their original performance specifications. This paper discusses the problems experienced with the SESs, including engine overloading, vibration, ride quality, seal wear, poor lift system performance, and metal cracking, along with the corrective actions taken to solve them. The cooperation between government and private industry, which made this dramatic turn-around in performance possible, is also explored. Lessons learned about SES technology are viewed in relation to the general experience of the Coast Guard with other types of high performance hull forms.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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WARSHIPS AND COST CONSTRAINTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第2期98卷 41-52页

作者： HOPE, JP STORTZ, VE Jan Paul Hope a native of Northern Virginia received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career in the Department of the Navy with the Naval Ship Systems Command in the acquisition of patrol craft mine sweepers and submarine rescue ships. In January 1971 he transferred to the ship arrangements branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of master of engineering administration. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Mr. Hope was general arrangement task leader on the AO-177 CG-47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN-9 (Aegis) and CGN-42 and he also assisted in the landmark Naval Sea Systems Command civilian professional community study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the damage control section and subsequently was selected as acting head of the surface ship hydrodynamic section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the surface combatant arrangements design section. Mr. Hope was selected for the first class of the NA VSEA commander's development program. While on the program he served in the DDGX combat systems engineering division and the DDGX project office of NA VSEA was the assistant director for ship design in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics and was the director of weight engineering and the director of systems engineering for the DDG-51 project in NA VSEA. Upon completion of the program Mr. Hope was assigned as the deputy director of the boiler engineering division to create a new division as a major fleet support initiative by NA VSEA. In June 1985 he joined the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics. Mr. Hope was presented the Department of the Navy meritorious civilian service medal in June 1983 for his service with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the

This paper discusses the need and processes for designing warships to meet cost constraints and for managing warship acquisition programs during the design phase to assure effective adherence to production cost constraints by the design team. The resource control methodology used during the contract design of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, DDG-51, is examined as a potential model for controlling the cost while maintaining the combat effectiveness of warships. The paper begins with a summary of the basic issue — the relationship among unit cost, unit capability, force level numbers, and force capability — showing recent trends in destroyer costs and force levels. This introduction also includes a discussion of the cost constraint for the DDG-51 in relation to historical trends and ship construction funding allocation. The resource control methodology used to reduce and control costs of the DDG-51 is discussed with a summary of the approach, key concepts and tools, chronology of key events, examples, and results achieved. A number of observations on this methodology are then made which are followed by comments on life cycle costs. The paper concludes with remarks on the future application of the resource control methodology and areas for further work to improve future resource control efforts.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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