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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Windows computer laboratory as a tutorial for undergraduate electromagnetics

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Computer Applications in engineering Education 1995年第3期3卷 183-183页

作者： McCulloch, J. Keddy, W.A. Stuchly, M.A. University of Victoria Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada Janet McCulloch:is a native of Toronto Canada where she briefly attended both York University and the University of Toronto before she set off on a year-long adventure through the Middle East and North Africa. When she returned to Canada she relocated to California. She spent a number of years living both in Los Angeles and coastal Northern California interspersed with several extended trips through the United States Mexico and Central America. Ms. McCulloch moved to Victoria British Columbia in 1989 and a year later registered in the cooperative education program in Electrical Engineering at the University of Victoria. She is presently in the fifth and final year of the program and has her sights set on graduate school. Besides the work described in this article she has been very much involved in the use of technology to assist in the delivery of curriculum at the senior secondary level. She lives on a country property a half-hour from the University with her husband her horse and three cats. W. Alfred Keddy:is an applications programmer/analyst for the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Victoria. He received a BEng (1988) in Electrical Engineering and an MASc (1994) from the University of Victoria. His research interests include distributed systems image processing local area networks VLSI and DSP system design for computation and communication and human–computer interface design. Maria A. Stuchly:received an MSc in Electrical Engineering in 1962 from Warsaw Technical University and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1970. Between the years of 1962 and 1970 she was with the Warsaw Technical University an Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. After immigrating to Canada during 1970 her first position was with the University of Manitoba. In 1976 she became employed by the Bureau of Radi

Contents and implementation of a computer laboratory for undergraduate electromagnetics are described. The laboratory consists of four 3-hour sessions covering vector calculus, Maxwell's equations (integral and differential forms), wave propagation in materials, and wave behavior at planar interfaces. Each session contains theory (in the Help file), animations (where relevant) and a quiz. The program runs on IBM compatible 486-based PCs in a Windows environment and uses the Borland C ++ 4.0 compiler.

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SHIP SELF-DEFENSE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 208-219页

作者： POLK, J MCCANTS, T GRABAREK, R James Polk:is currently a principal financial and technical advisor for PRC Inc. He is working in support of PEO (TAD) Ship Self-Defense Program in several areas including performance assessment. He retired from the Navy in 1991 after several years at sea and various material command assignment including command of Caron (DD-970) and Aegis technical director. He is an ASNE Member who has an MS in physics from the Naval Postgraduate School. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a BS in civil engineering and earned his commission through the NROTC program there. Thomas H. McCants Jr.:is currently a principal system engineer in the ship defense department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. He is supporting the PEO (TAD) in systems engineering and analysis and is supporting the Office of Naval Research in a 6.2 Ship Self-Defense program. He was previously the lead lab program manager for STANDARD Missile led the Aegis Systems Analysis and T&E organization at NSWC was Phalanx CIWS lead lab program manager and was the air target vulnerability program manager at the Center. In 1977–78 Mr. McCants was the NSAP science advisor to COMOPTEVFOR Norfolk. He graduated from VPI&SU with a BS in aerospace engineering and is pursuing a MS in systems engineering from VPI&SU. Robert Grabarek:is currently an electronics engineer in the requirements and analysis branch of the Ship Self-Defense Program Office. He is a 1981 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and served six years on active duty as a surface warfare officer. He has earned his MA in operations research and industrial engineering from VPI&SU.

Robust ship AAW defense capability is a priority requirement that enables Naval Forces to conduct joint expeditionary force operations in littoral environments. As an aid to achieving this capability for all ship classes, the Navy has reorganized its management of ship defense. A major focus of these efforts is the development of a fully automatic, integrated combat system for non-Aegis ships which is based on coordinated detection, control, and hard kill/electronic warfare (HK/EW) engagement functions. A phased approach to attaining this fully integrated capability has been established which includes major element upgrade introduction when technology and budget permit. This paper describes the ship self-defense performance assessment methodology which has been adopted to support the review and decision process for future planning and budgeting. This process is a continuation and refinement of that used to provide data for the Office of the Secretary of Defense Fall 1991 Conventional systems Committee Ship Self-Defense Review. The performance assessment methodology starts with definition of survivability requirements by ship class, combat system configurations, Anti-Ship Missile threat, and operational scenario. Viable self-defense system element options are then identified. The capability of these options are then characterized for input into ship level performance prediction models. Three partitions of performance prediction modeling are made: hard kill elements only, electronic warfare element only, and integrated HK/EW. The most significant accomplishment of this effort, beyond providing data to support programmatic decision, has been the creation of a truly integrated HK/EW surface ship combat system model that interleaves HK and EW timelines and allows parametric variation to evaluate options. Because of classification, only generic examples of numerical result will be presented. However, the procedures for establishing the modelling process, prioritization of

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University and industry as partners

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New Directions for Higher Education 1984年第46期1984卷

作者： James C. Seferis Luther S. Williams Director of the Industrial Affiliate Program in Chemical Engineering and founder of the Polymer Composite Laboratory of the University of Washington Vice-president for academic affairs and dean of the University System Graduate School at the University of Colorado

Universities are challenged to maintain the essential fabric of graduate education while taking advantage of the opportunities occasioned by university-industry arrangements.

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SHIP ENERGY-CONSERVATION ASSIST TEAM (SECAT)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 47-58页

作者： DANGEL, R BRICE, AE The Authors A. Edward Brice was born and educated in Scotland where he graduated from the James Watt Memorial College and Paisley Technical College. His earliest marine engineering experience was obtained at Scotts's Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited from 1952 to 1959 where he was involved in the production and design of steam and diesel machinery plants for both Naval and commercial ships. During a five year stay in Canada Mr. Brice gained diversified experience in industries other than marine such as petrochemical plants and steel mills. He moved to the U.S. in 1964 where he was the design supervisor in charge of marine engineering at NASSCO covering new construction for American President Lines AFS type ships for the U.S. Navy Project Mohole Car Ferries for the State of Washington and 17 LST's for the U.S. Navy. During the contract definition phase of the DD-963 Mr. Brice authored several portions of the technical proposal while employed by Litton industries. He was also responsible for the system and detail design including the technical management of sub-contracts for the steam propulsion plant for the LHA 1 Class ships. Mr. Brice has been active in the Washington area for the last ten years performing marine engineering projects for the U.S. Navy. His principal interest since 1974 has been in shipboard energy conservation. He assisted in the development of the NavySTMSYS program and later in the operational verification aboard FF-1074. Mr. Brice has conducted four SECA T visits aboard ships with 1200 PSI steam plants and has recently completed an at-sea visit aboard on AOR with a 600 PSI steam plant. Richard Dangel was bom in New York City. He received his Bachelor's degree from the Sloan School of Industrial Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1955. He has also completed graduate work for a Masters in Engineering Administration at George Washington University. Since graduation he has spent 11 years in private industry with companies in the DOD engineering research

The Ship Energy Conservation Assist Team (SECAT) program was initiated in Fiscal Year (FY) 82 by the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) to demonstrate and introduce individual Ship Commands to known energy conserving techniques without adding equipment complexity or additional maintenance burden. The principal objective is to provide each ship with an energy consumption, coupled with recommended energy conservation strategies. The technique involves both in-port and underway monitoring and introduction of energy efficient machinery plant alignments, fuel consumption curve generation, and most efficient speed curves. The program has completed visits on six combatants and enjoys the support of both the Commander, Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (COMNAVSURFLANT) and the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANT). Plans are to perform SECAT on additional DDG 2 and FF 1052/1078 Class ships and initiate SECAT on additional ship types in FY 83.

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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The Significance of Certain Parameters in Buoyancy system Performance

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Naval Engineers Journal 1971年第4期83卷 75-81页

作者： HANSEN, O. RICHARD UHLER, DALE G. O. Richard Hansen obtained a BSCE from Colorado State University in 1950 and has participated in continuing educational courses at the University of Washington Wayne State University and the University of Michigan. He was employed at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for five years as a Mechanical Engineer and Project leader in industrial gases and cryogenic O2. Producers for Shipboard Applications followed by seven years at Chrysler Corporation initially as a project engineer in the FBM program subsequently assigned to Mechanical Laboratory achieving Managing Engineer status of a department therein which contained the facilities group instrumentation group and an experimental machine shop. This was followed by employment at Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratories as a senior engineer conducting studies in two phase liquid hydrogen flow in simulated NERVA cores. Following this he served two years of employment with the Lockheed Georgia Company conducting material studies in combined nuclear cryogenic environments at the NASA 60 megawatt test reactor located in Sandusky Ohio. Joined NAVSEC in 1966 as a mechanical engineer in the compressed air systems group and has been assigned to the Supervisor of Diving Salvage and Ocean Engineering conducting analysis and evaluation of compressed air and gas systems associated with diving and salvage operations. Dale G. Uhler received BSCE degree from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1964. He spent two years as a construction engineer before entering graduate school at the University of Miami Florida where he received his MS degree in applied mechanics with a minor in Ocean Engineering in 1968. He is now employed as an Ocean Engineer in the office of the U. S. Navy Director of Diving Salvage and Ocean Engineering where he is the project manager for the Large Object Salvage System and related development programs and concurrently working toward his Ph. D. at Catholic University.

The advent of deep ocean technology has created a need of buoyancy at ever increasing depths. This paper concerns itself with two most widely used techniques for dewatering/deballasting, compressed air supplied by surface maintained compressors and high pressure gases contained in pressure vessels. The objective of the paper is to examine the effects on these two techniques of various parameters which, in the author's opinion, are often overlooked by design engineers. This results in a significant degradation of the system under actual operating conditions. The principal parameters involved are structural integrity, geometric properties, material properties and the variance with pressure of the real gas properties and sea water density. This paper is an attempt to appraise designers and users of the impact of the above considerations on proposed buoyancy systems. © 1971 American Society of Naval Engineers

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