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10th International Conference on Miniaturized systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2006

作者： He, Huiqi Chang, Donald C. Lee, Yi-Kuen Bioengineering Graduate Program Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Dept. of Biology Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

In this study, a new micro electroporation (EP) cell chip with three-dimensional (3D) electrodes was fabricated by means of MEMS technology, and tested on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Large statistical data of loading efficiency for five different size molecules and cell viability were determined under various voltage and duration time. Based on more than 2000 single cell measurements, the critical size of molecule was found to be approximately 40 kD. © 2006 Society for Chemistry and Micro-Nano systems.

关键词： Molecules

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Asynchronous collaboration: Achieving shared understanding beyond the first 100 meters

Asynchronous collaboration: Achieving shared understanding b...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Sangwan, Raghvinder Jablokow, Kathryn Bass, Matt Paulish, Dan Pennsylvania State University United States Department of Information Science School of Graduate Professional Studies Pennsylvania State University United States Technical Staff at Siemens Corporate Research Pennsylvania State University Great Valley United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies Pennsylvania State University United States Siemens Corporate Research United States Technical Staff for the Software Architecture Program Siemens Corporate Research United States

Motivated by a real-world example from the domain of software product development, we discuss some of the key factors that impact shared understanding among collaborating teams in general, along with specific implications of those factors for asynchronous collaboration in particular. Shared understanding is viewed through the lens of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation theory, a powerful framework for understanding problem solving that provides insights on the creative behavior of individuals and the convergence and divergence of collaborating teams. Proposed research directions are suggested for the future, and implications of this work for engineering education are discussed as well. © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： Learning systems

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SiO2-coated porous anodic alumina membrane for electroosmotic pumping

SiO2-coated porous anodic alumina membrane for electroosmoti...

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2006 ASME International mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006

作者： Vajandar, Saumitra K. Xu, Dongyan Li, Deyu Markov, Dmitry Wikswo, John Hofmeister, William Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Center for Laser Applications University of Tennessee Space Institute Tullahoma TN 37388 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791837904

Electroosmotic pumping has been extensively used in biomedical lab-on-a-chip devices and micropumps for critical applications such as microelectronic cooling. In many applications, a high flow rate is a key requirement in desired performance so constant efforts have been made to increase the pumping flow rate through unit area to achieve the compact design. We report here an attempt of using SiO2-coated anodic porous alumina membrane as the material to achieve high electroosmotic pumping flow rate. High quality porous alumina membranes of controllable pore diameter in the range of 20-300 nm and pore length of 60-100 μm have been fabricated with electrochemical anodization. The pores are uniform and hexagonally packed with a high porosity of up to 50% and a tortuosity of a bare minimum of unity. In addition, the inner surface of the pores could be conformally coated with a thin layer (∼ 5 nm) of SiO2 with sol-gel chemistry to achieve a high zeta potential. Scanning electron microscopy of the cross section of the membrane verified these facts. Electroosmotic pumping performance of these membranes has been investigated using standard relevant aqueous electrolyte buffer solutions and results showed that SiO2-coated porous alumina could achieve a higher flow rate compared with other microporous materials such as glass frit and porous silicon reported in the literature. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Membranes

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A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing

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systems and Computers in Japan 2006年第7期37卷 61-71页

作者： Ma, Xuan Iida, Kazuhiro Xie, Mengchun Nishino, Junji Odaka, Tomohiro Ogura, Hisakazu Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui City 910-8507 Japan Wakayama National College of Technology Gobo City 644-0023 Japan Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering Xi an University of Technology B Techno College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wakayama National College of Technology Information Processing Society of Japan China Mechanical Design Society Department of Systems Engineering University of Electro-Communications Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics Japanese Academy of Facial Studies Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Graduate Program of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Fukui University IEEE CS ACM IPSJ IEICE JSMBET Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems JSAI Japan SOFT IEEE

In this paper the authors propose a structural method for a genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization problem of cable routing in which cables have to be laid optimally. When there are no limits on the layout routes, the optimal routes for the individual cables can be found using the Dijkstra method in a finite discrete graph. However, when there are limits on the capacity in the layout routes, optimization cannot be performed using the Dijkstra method. The proposed GA is a two-level hierarchical GA that uses chromosome coding involving two levels. The routes for each cable and the combinations of cable routes are defined respectively, and layout route selection is optimized overall through genetic operations involving these levels. Block crossover and block mutation are used as genetic operations in the first level. In addition, a method to take advantage of lethal genes, which do not satisfy the constraints and are generated in the second level is used. Computer simulations confirm that the two-level hierarchical GA with these genetic operations functions effectively for the optimization problem of cable routing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Electric cable laying

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Etching characteristics of a silicon surface induced by focused ion beam irradiation

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International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 2006年第1-2期9卷 34-50页

作者： Kawasegi, Noritaka Morita, Noboru Yamada, Shigeru Takano, Noboru Oyama, Tatsuo Ashida, Kiwamu Taniguchi, Jun Miyamoto, Iwao Momota, Sadao Graduate School of Science and Engineering Toyama University 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering Toyama University 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1-2-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8564 Japan Department of Applied Electronics Tokyo University of Science 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering Kochi University of Technology 185 Tosayamada Kochi Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Toyama University Toyama Japan Faculty of Engineering Toyama University Toyama Japan Faculty of Engineering Toyama University Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Japan Department of Applied Electronics Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan Department of Applied Electronics Tokyo University of Science Japan Faculty of Engineering Kochi University of Technology Japan

The etching resistance characteristics of a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) irradiated silicon surface against KOH are investigated in this study. An FIB irradiated silicon surface can withstand etching in KOH solution, whereas the non-irradiated area is etched and consequently, a protruding nanostructure can be fabricated on the irradiated area. Height dependence of the nanostructure on the FIB irradiating conditions is investigated in order to control the shape of the nanostructure for application to three-dimensional nanofabrication. As a consequence, it was found that the height of the nanostructure can be controlled by FIB irradiating conditions such as dose and acceleration voltage. The mechanism is investigated by a selective etching method using HF solution. The results of a simulation indicate that the amorphous layer induced by ion irradiation is strongly related to this phenomenon. In addition, surface roughness and line width dependence was investigated, and these results indicate the potential use of this method as a novel three-dimensional nanofabrication process. Copyright © 2006 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Silicon

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Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control and Alert Modality on Driver Performance

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Transportation Research Record 2006年第1期1980卷 49 - 56页

作者： John D. Lee Daniel V. McGehee Timothy L. Brown Dawn Marshall Cognitive Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 2130 Seamans Center Human Factors and Vehicle Safety Research Program Public Policy Center 227 South Quad Human Factors Laboratory National Advanced Driving Simulator and Simulation Center University of Iowa 2401 Oakdale Boulevard Iowa City IA 52242.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a rapidly emerging in-vehicle technology that can enhance or degrade driving safety. A critical factor governing the safety benefit of ACC concerns the driver's ability to assume control of the vehicle in situations that exceed ACC capabilities. The effectiveness of various warning modalities for reengaging distracted drivers during severe braking situations that exceed ACC capability was examined. Warnings that paired a visual icon with sound, seat vibration, or brake pulsation or that combined all three cues were compared. A total of 60 participants drove for 35 min in the National Advanced Driving Simulator. Drivers experienced two severe, four moderate, and eight mild braking situations. ACC could accommodate all but the two severe situations without driver intervention. It also provided a substantial benefit during mild events of lead vehicle braking, enabling drivers to maintain a longer, more consistent minimum time to collision. Unlike performance in previous studies, ACC did not decrease safety during severe braking situations. The combination of a visual icon with sound, seat vibration, or brake pulsation led to slower brake reaction time in severe braking situations, but the grouping of all four warning strategies led to a similar minimum time to collision and maximum braking. In contrast to several previous studies, these results suggest that drivers can effectively assume control when warned that ACC braking authority has been exceeded. Additional research is needed to identify the boundary conditions that specify when drivers can successfully intervene and retake control and whether a multimodal combination of cues can be crafted to speed rather than slow driver response.

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Robust Object Detection based on Radial Reach Filter for Mobile Robots

Robust Object Detection based on Radial Reach Filter for Mob...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： Naoya Wajima Satoru Takahashi Masaya Itoh Yutaka Satoh Shun'ichi Kaneko Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering Kagawa University Kagawa Japan Hitachi Research Laboratory Hitachi and Limited Ibaraki Japan National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan

Technique of image processing to detect moving objects on time series images is important subject in the fields of environmental monitoring and rescue system which used a mobile robot. In the past, it is difficult to detect the moving objects by the effects of changes in brightness which caused by the sunlight and measure positions of the moving objects by the change of region of the moving objects. Then, we proposed a detection and tracking method of the moving objects considering the renewal of a background based on radial reach filter. However, the change of size of the moving objects on the image, that is, the movement in direction of an optical axis was not considered. Then, we propose a method which compares the features of pixels between the images in the change of size of moving object for calculation of motion vectors. Through the experiment using the real images, this paper shows validity of proposed method

关键词： Robustness Object detection Filters Mobile robots Electronic mail Image processing Robot vision systems Cameras Graphical user interfaces Monitoring

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Enabling a strong U.S. engineering workforce for leadership of technology development and innovation in industry: Setting a new vision for integrative professional graduate education in engineering practice

Enabling a strong U.S. engineering workforce for leadership ...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Keating, Donald Stanford, Thomas Bardo, John Dunlap, Duane DeLoatch, Eugene McHenry, Albert Tidwell, Joseph Depew, Dennis Latif, Niaz Schuver, Mark Quick, David Olson, Roger Truesdale, Samuel Snellenberger, Jay Tricamo, Stephen Palmer, Harvey Noori, Mohammad Landis, Kathleen Gonzalez Bennett, Ronald University of South Carolina United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina United States Graduate Studies Division College Industry Partnership Division American Society for Engineering Education United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina United States Western Carolina University United States Kimmel School of Construction Management Engineering and Technology United States College of Applied Sciences Western Carolina University United States Graduate Studies Division American Society for Engineering Education United States Morgan State University United States School of Engineering Morgan State University United States Arizona State University United States College of Technology and Annlied Sciences Arizona State University Polytechnic United States Public Affairs of the American Society for Engineering Education United States JACMET Arizona State University Polytechnic United States College Industry Partnership Division Purdue University United States College of Technology Purdue University United States Department of Industrial Technology College of Technology Purdue University United States Master's Degree Program College of Technology Purdue University United States Rolls-Royce R and D Customer Requirements R and T Strategy Rolls-Royce North American Technologies United States Rolls-Royce Corporation United States New Jersey Institute of Technology United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology United States Kate Gleason College of Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology United States California State Polytechnic University United States College of Engineering California State Polytechnic University United States University of Arizona United States Continuing Professional Development Division American Society for Engineering Education United States University of St. Thomas United States School of Engineering University of St. Thoma

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Correction to "Combining of Chaotic Differential Evolution and Quadratic programming for Economic Dispatch Optimization with Valve-Point Effect"

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IEEE Transactions on Power systems 2006年第3期21卷 1465-1465页

作者： L. Dos Santos Coelho V.C. Mariani Production and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Automation and Systems Laboratory PUCPR/CCET/PPGEPS/LAS Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program PUCPR/CCET/PPGEPS/LAS Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil

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Development of a Bioinstrumentation System in the Interaction between a Human and a Robot

Development of a Bioinstrumentation System in the Interactio...

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2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Kazuko Itoh Hiroyasu Miwa Yuko Nukariya Massimiliano Zecca Hideaki Takanobu Stefano Roccella Maria Chiara Carrozza Paolo Dario Atsuo Takanishi ROBOCASA Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Humanoid Robotics Institute (HRI) Waseda University Tokyo Japan Digital Human Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Kogakuin University Tokyo Japan ASMeW Waseda University Tokyo Japan Scuola Superiore Sant Anna ARTS Laboratory Italy Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna ARTS Lab Pontedera Italy Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Tokyo Japan

Personal robots, which are expected to become popular in the future, are required to be active in joint work and community life with humans. Such robots must have no bad physical or psychical effect on humans. The psychical effect of a robot on humans has been subjectively measured using questionnaires. However, it has not been objectively measured yet. Human emotion and the consciousness direction can be measured by physiological parameters and body motion, respectively. Therefore, the bioinstrumentation system WB-1 was developed in order to objectively measure the psychical effect of a robot on a human. It can measure physiological parameters such as respiration, heart rate, perspiration and pulse wave, and arm motion. Analyzing human stress in the interaction with a robot from electrocardiogram, the robot could generate a motion for decreasing the stress

关键词： Human robot interaction Robot kinematics Humanoid robots Service robots Psychology Biomedical measurements Biomedical engineering Orbital robotics Intelligent robots Motion measurement

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