Polystyrene is one type of plastic that is hard to be degraded, because of that, it requires an alternative to reduce polystyrene waste through biofoam. Biofoam which is made of starch is reinforced with bacterial cel...
Polystyrene is one type of plastic that is hard to be degraded, because of that, it requires an alternative to reduce polystyrene waste through biofoam. Biofoam which is made of starch is reinforced with bacterial cellulose that has high hydrophilic properties. This study aims to know the effect of ZnO addition to crystallinity and water absorption capacity of biofoam based cassava starch reinforced bacterial cellulose. The method used experimental design. Synthesis of biofoam was conducted using baking process method with varied the ZnO content in the biofoam were 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%. The resulted samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and water absorption test to determine the effect of ZnO concentration. The results showed that the addition of ZnO variation into biofoam caused the change in diffraction position and intensity. The control variation (0% ZnO) had the highest diffraction peak at the position of 20.88°2θ with an intensity of 68.65 counts, crystallite size of 20.795 nm. After adding ZnO variation of 3%, 6%, 9%, diffraction position and intensity change to be 36.31°2θ and 276.29 counts, 36.26°2θ and 558.81 counts, and 36.31°2θ and 725.78 counts, respectively. The addition of ZnO into biofoam composite decreased water absorption up to 33% compared than the control sample, and the lowest optimum absorption resulted in ZnO concentration of 9% with water absorption value of 0.164 (gH2O/g).
Onset of nucleate boiling of a droplet when impacted onto hot surface was investigated. Three kinds of surfaces, normal stainless steel (NSS), stainless steel with TiO2 coating (UVN), and stainless steel with TiO2 coa...
Onset of nucleate boiling of a droplet when impacted onto hot surface was investigated. Three kinds of surfaces, normal stainless steel (NSS), stainless steel with TiO2 coating (UVN), and stainless steel with TiO2 coating and radiated by ultraviolet ray were employed to examine the effect of wettability. The droplet size was 2.4 mm diameter, and dropped under different We number. The image is generated by high speed camera with the frame speed of 1000 fps. The boiling conditions are identified as natural convection, nucleate boiling, critical heat flux, transition, and film boiling. In the present report, the discussion will be focused on the beginning of nucleate boiling on the droplet. Nucleate boiling occurs when bubbles are generated. These bubbles are probably caused by nucleation on the impurities within the liquid rather than at nucleation sites on the heated surface because the bubbles appear to be in the bulk of the liquid instead of at the liquid-solid interface. In addition, the smaller the contact angle, the fastest the boiling.
In order to enhance the accuracy of springback simulation, the strength differential (SD) effect, i.e., the difference in flow stress between tension and compression, of a high strength cold-rolled steel sheet with a ...
In order to enhance the accuracy of springback simulation, the strength differential (SD) effect, i.e., the difference in flow stress between tension and compression, of a high strength cold-rolled steel sheet with a tensile strength of 980 MPa is measured by means of in-plane tension-compression test apparatus. Bi-axial stress tests are also performed to measure the contour of plastic work of the test material. From those experimental results, the material model which can consider the SD effect is determined. Furthermore, this material model is implemented into commercial FEM code by using user-subroutine function. To check the validity of this model and established FEM analysis system, curvature-hat crush forming experiment is performed. By comparing the experimental result and forming simulation result, the accuracy of the material model which can consider the SD effect is validated. Consequently it is concluded that the use of material model which is capable of reproducing the SD effect is a must to enhance the accuracy of springback simulation.
作者:
DETOLLA, JPFLEMING, JRJoseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division
SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program
he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1
In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and...
In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.
Man-made or unnatural wind from the industrial exhaust air system is an alternative wind resource for countries with natural low-speed or intermittent wind such as Thailand. It has strong and consistent wind speed whe...
Man-made or unnatural wind from the industrial exhaust air system is an alternative wind resource for countries with natural low-speed or intermittent wind such as Thailand. It has strong and consistent wind speed when compared to the natural wind, with velocity about 5 to 10 m/s at a distance of 5 cm from the exhaust air outlet. However, some negative impacts to the exhaust air system performance was observed when a conventional wind turbine was employed. The objective of this research is to feasibility study the practicality of a prototype shaftless small scale horizontal axis wind turbine (SSHWT) to generate electricity from the exhaust air of the industrial exhaust air system. Aerodynamic, blade and generator designs were addressed in this study to maximize energy output and minimize negative impacts to the performance of the original exhaust air system. The performance of SSHWT was tested with a selected industrial fan that is widely used in industrial sections. The results showed that the SSHWT could generate electricity with less negative effect to exhaust air system performance. However, it still needs further improvements caused by the voltage output is too low. By the concept design, this innovative wind turbine is compact, thus needs only small space for installation. This SSHWT has high market potential for low wind speed countries to take advantage of unnatural wind resources which are better in terms of efficiency and economy for sustainable energy development.
At the Unit Laka Lantas Polres Lhokseumawe determining accident-prone areas on roads in Lhokseumawe still using manual systems. Determination of accident-prone areas are less effective because the police Unit Laka Lan...
At the Unit Laka Lantas Polres Lhokseumawe determining accident-prone areas on roads in Lhokseumawe still using manual systems. Determination of accident-prone areas are less effective because the police Unit Laka Lantas Polres Lhokseumawe just using the data of the last year and had to repeatedly calculate manually accident-prone areas based on the number of human casualties. In this study the system implementation CUSUM method (Cummulative Summary) to determine the accident-prone areas designed using the web-based programming language PHP. In this system there are three processes to determine areas prone to accidents, the accident rate calculations based on the weighted severity, blacksite calculations using the Z-Score method for determining areas prone to accident blackspots and calculations using the CUSUM method to determine the critical points of an accident. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Police Unit Laka Lantas Polres Lhokseumawe years 2009-2013.
作者:
HIGGINS, JAGARVEY, JJHiggins
who is the Chief Office of Advanced Development MarAd is presently responsible for those areas of research and development that have to do with developing new ship design techniques improved shipbuilding methods and systems analysis programs leading to improved marine transportation systems. He has held responsible research positions with Maritime Administration since 1956. His previous experience includes six years at the David Taylor Model Basin sea duty with the Navy during World War II and six years shipyard experience. He is a graduate of the Newport News Shipbuildings and Dry Dock Company Apprentice School has mechanical and industrial engineering degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and has done graduate work in naval architecture at M. I. T. and transportation economics at American University. Garvey
a CMX Project Engineer for the Maritime Administration has been with the MarAd Office of Research and Development since 1968. Prior to that he was with the Office of Ship Construction Foster Wheeler Marine Department and the U. S. Navy. He graduated from the U. S. Merchant Marine Academy with a B. S. degree in 1956 and from Fairleigh Dickinson University in 1965 with an M. B. A.
作者:
MURPHY, RICHARD J.THE AUTHOR: is a graduate of Northeastern University in Boston
Massachusetts where he received degrees in Mechanical Engineering and in Engineering and Managment. He is presently the Head Analyst in the Exploratory Development Division of Headquarters Naval Material Command. Since 1964 he has acted as leader of a team developing goals for exploratory development for the undersea target the air target and the land and surface target. From 1961 to 1964 he was with the Advanced Manned Missions Program Office of the NASA involved with the study of advanced launch vericle concepts for future manned orbital and manned planetary missions. Prior to this he was NASA's Headquarters Manager of the Saturn I and Saturn IB launch facilities located at the J. F. Kennedy Space Center. From 1954 to 1961 Mr. Murphy was employed by the Navy in BUSHIPS BUAIR and BUWEPS. His duties were primarily associated with R&D of non-magnetic minesweepers and new guided missile systems.
A variety of probable world political environments are postulated. From these environments, possible concepts for future warships, merchant ships, salvage ships, and research vehicles, both on the surface and undersea...
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