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NAVAL SHIP DESIGN - EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 40-52页

作者： TIBBITTS, BF KEANE, RG RIGGINS, RJ Captain Barry Tibbitts USN: was graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1956 and subsequently served as a gunnery division officer in an attack aircraft carrier and as gunnery officer operations officer and chief engineer in two diesel submarines. He attended MIT from 1962–1965 earning a master of science in mechanical engineering and a naval engineers degree. Early assignments as an engineering duty officer included SRF Yokosuka CINCPACFLT staff and SupShip Pascagoula. From 1976 to 1987 he served in a variety of senior ship design assignments: CVV ship design manager director NAVSEC Hull and Ship Design Divisions director NavSea Ship Design Management and Integration Office commander David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center and director NavSea Ship Design Group. Recently retired but recalled to active duty he is the professor of naval construction and engineering at MIT. He has received seven personal decorations including two Legion of Merit awards. Robert G. Keane Jr.:is currently the deputy director of the NavSea Ship Design Group. He has been employed by NavSea and its predecessor organizations for over twenty years. He is a graduate of The Johns Hopkins University from which he received his B.E.S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1962. He received his M.E. degree in mechanical engineering in 1967 from Stevens Institute of Technology and in 1970 his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Mr. Keane held increasingly responsible design positions involving ship arrangements hull equipment hull form and hydrodynamic performance before being selected in 1981 for the Senior Executive Service to be director of the Naval Architecture Subgroup. Following an assignment at the David Taylor Research Center as assistant for transition of ship engineering technology he served as director of the Ship Survivability Subgroup until assuming his current position in 1985. He is an active member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Robert Riggins:received a B.S. in mechanical

Some fairly radical changes to the naval ship design process occurred during the 1970s. The decade of the 80s has also witnessed a steady stream of changes. One of the most significant was the establishment of the Ship Characteristics Improvement Board (SCIB) in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav), and the resulting influence on the dialog between the military requirements decision makers and the Navy's ship designers. Other changes have occurred for which the impacts are less clear. These include establishment of the chief engineer of the Navy (ChEng) position, creation of the Space and Naval Warfare systems Command (SpaWar) and OpNav's “Revolution at Sea” initiative. This paper will describe and discuss these and other changes, and comment on the resultant impact. The authors will attempt to present a global view of the total pattern of changes and try to discern if we are on a path of revolution, or merely normal evolution.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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IMPROVED LOGISTICS SUPPORT THROUGH STANDARDIZATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第2期100卷 40-46页

作者： KINNEY, ET CONSTANT, AE Edward T. Kinney:is presently director of the Machinery Group Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from Michigan State University in 1952 and joined the Bureau of Ships Engineer-In-Training Program. Mr. Kinney has held a variety of technical and senior management positions in NavSea and the Naval Material Command. He has authored a number of technical articles and papers and has been a contributing author to the Naval Engineers Journal. He is a past president of the Association of Scientists and Engineers and holds membership in ASNE SNAME Federal Conference of Environmental Engineers and ASME and is chairman of the ASME Shipbuilding Standards Machinery Committee. Alexander E. Constant:is a native of Newport Rhode Island and a graduate of Pennsylvania Military College from which he received his BS degree in civil engineering in 1960. After two years with the U.S. Forest Service working in civil sanitary engineering designing recreational facilities he joined the Vermont Water Resources Department as a project engineer. He was recruited by the Navy in 1966 and he accepted a position in the Piping Systems Branch where he attained the position of director. At present he is head of the Auxiliary Equipment Division Naval Sea Systems Command where for the past six years he has been responsible for the design operation maintenance and life cycle support for the majority of the U.S. Navy's shipboard auxiliary equipment. He has been a member of U.S. and international committees on standardization and has been a delegate representing the U.S. at several meetings throughout the world.

This paper presents improvements in logistics support of hull, mechanical, and electrical (HM&E) components through standardization to the piece part level. The process of component standardization is outlined and compared with traditional HM&E acquisition approaches. The impact of standardization on logistics support is presented with case examples cited to graphically demonstrate how logistics improvements are derived. The paper also presents standardization costs and benefit analyses. A compelling case for increased HM&E standardization efforts is made from a logistics improvement perspective.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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A PREDICTION OF STRUCTURAL LOAD AND RESPONSE OF A SWATH SHIP IN WAVES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 251-264页

作者： REILLY, ET SHIN, YS KOTTE, EH Edward T. Reilly:is an assistant vice president at the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) and general manager of the Government Services Business Unit. Mr. Reilly is responsible for all work done by the ABS group of companies for worldwide governmental agencies. His primary expertise is in marine survey and engineering services. He graduated from Maine Maritime Academy with a B.S. in marine engineering (1968) and a Naval Reserve commission and subsequently sailed for various American Flag shipping companies as an engineering officer. He holds a federal license as a chief engineer - unlimited size and horsepower. In 1974 he joined the operations staff of the American Bureau of Shipping and during the next ten years held various field engineering and managerial positions in New York Curacao Japan the Philippines Guam South Korea and Singapore as surveyor senior surveyor and principal surveyor. In 1984 he was transferred to ABS Worldwide Technical Services Inc. (ABSTECH) a wholly-owned subsidiary of ABS as manager of marine operations for the worldwide marine consultancy firm. He assumed his present position in 1986 where he supervises management of all government projects including structural and mechanical analysis survey and inspection and marine consultancy. He is an active member of ASNE SNAME AWS and SMPE. Dr. Yung S. Shin:is presently the principal engineer in charge of the Hydrodynamic Section in the Research and Development Division of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). He received a B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Seoul National University Korea in 1969 a master of engineering degree in ocean engineering from the University of Hawaii in 1974 and a Ph.D. degree in marine hydrodynamics from the University of Michigan in 1979. He joined ABS in 1979. Prior to his job at ABS he worked as research assistant and research associate from 1972 to 1979 at the University of Hawaii and the University of Michigan. Since joining ABS Dr. Shin has been working

The small-waterplane-area-twin-hull (SWATH) ship has long been recognized as a promising high performance ship because of its superior seakeeping characteristics as compared to the conventional monohull or the catamaran ship. Over the years, many advancements in prediction methods for motions and wave loads of the SWATH ship have been published. Using this knowledge, a computational procedure for predicting structural load and response of the SWATH ship was developed and is presented here. The analytical method for wave load determination is based on a linear seakeeping theory where hydrodynamic interaction between the twin hulls has been included. The structural response of a SWATH ship can be calculated by using finite element models and hydrodynamic pressure distributions along the ship hulls. A correlation study has shown good agreement between calculated results and model test data of a 3,000-ton SWATH ship in motions and loads, indicating that the analytical approaches could be used in assessing the seaworthiness and structural adequacy of SWATH designs. To demonstrate the computational procedure, a case study of a T-AGOS 19 SWATH ship in sea state 7 was carried out. The calculated results of motions, loads, deflections, and stresses are presented and discussed. However, the fatigue life of the vessel has not been investigated in this paper.

关键词： Naval vessels

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U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY'S NEW YARD PATROL CRAFT: FROM CONCEPT TO DELIVERY.

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Naval Engineers Journal 1987年第1期99卷 37-58页

作者： Compton, Roger H. Chatterton, Howard A. Hatchell, Gordon McGrath, Frank K. Roger H:. Compton is a Webb graduate who since 1966 has been a part of the naval architecture faculty at the U.S. Naval Academy. Since accepting the appointment to the Academy he has been instrumental in establishing the ABET accredited major program in naval architecture in the conceptual design and operation of the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory and in the conceptual design of the 108-ft yard patrol craft. Besides his Naval Academy involvement he serves as an adjunct professor with Virginia Polytechnic Institute in its NAVSEA Institute graduate program at Crystal City. He is an active member of both ASNE and SNAME and has published technical papers with both societies. Howard A. Chatterton:began his career as a Navy coop student at the Boston Naval Shipyard in 1960. He received his bachelor's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966 and his master's degree in 1968. He was employed by the Preliminary Design Division of BuShips in the submarine design and hydrofoil design groups until 1972 when he joined the Coast Guard's Naval Engineering Division. He remained with the Design Branch until 1981 when he accepted a faculty position at the U.S. Naval Academy as the research director for the Academy's hydromechanics laboratory. He has recently returned to Coast Guard Headquarters as the assistant chief Naval Architecture Branch Office of Merchant Marine Safety. Gordon Hatchell:is a naval architect at the Naval Sea Combat Systems Engineering Station Norfolk Virginia in the Combatant Craft Engineering Department. He served as lead-ship YP project engineer from its inception to delivery and continues to serve as project coordinator on follow-up ship procurements. He has worked on other boat procurements as well as serving as weight and stability coordinator. Mr. Hatchell began his engineering career in the Design Division at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth Virginia after receiving a BS in civil engineering from Virginia Polytec

The design of the new 108-ft yard patrol craft (YPs) for the U. S. Naval Academy is described from its beginnings as a senior midshipman design project, through its preliminary and contract design development at the U. S. Navy's small craft design team headquarters, Naval Sea Combat systems engineering Station, Norfolk, Virginia (NAVSEACOMBAT-SYSENGSTA-Norfolk). During preliminary and contract design the Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory (NAHL) provided experimental data to support NAVSEA-COMBATSYSENGSTA-Norfolk's design analyses in powering, seakeeping, and maneuvering. Several tradeoff studies of interest to patrol craft designers are presented. Major events in the detail design and construction of the first boat are described from both the designer's and the shipbuilder's points of view. The launching, builder's and sea trials of the first boat are described.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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SHIPBOARD STOWAGE OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 199-208页

作者： DROPIK, MV graduated from the University of Detroit in 1969 with a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering. He began his Navy career that year with the Naval Ship Systems Command PMS-382 Ship Acquisition Manager for Mine Patrol and Yardcraft. In 1971 he transferred to the General Arrangements and Habitability Design Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. From 1971–1972 he attended graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley through the Navy's long-term training program and received his master's degree in industrial engineering. He currently heads the Auxiliary/Amphibious/Minecraft/Special Projects Branch of NAVSEA's Arrangements Design Division. His duties in this capacity include those of program manager of the U.S. Navy's flammable liquids program a position which he has held for the last eight years. His experience encompasses the general arrangements habitability storeroom and office design of aviation auxiliary amphibious mine warfare and high performance ships and craft.

The uncontrolled proliferation of flammables and combustibles aboard ship, in addition to posing an obvious fire and explosive hazard, has seriously degraded the survivability and increased the vulnerability characteristics of U.S. Navy surface ships. This problem for the most part has been superficially attributed to a widespread shortage of flammable and combustible stowage capacity. As a result, current solutions have been limited to increasing stowage capacity through additional storerooms and development of more efficient stowage aids. Unfortunately, these solutions simply address the symptoms, are of a corrective nature, and do not eliminate the fundamental causes of the problem. The paper conducts a more systematic and comprehensive investigation into identifying and resolving the flammable liquids problem by considering it from a ship life cycle perspective. In this way, the problem is shown to be the resultant accumulation of a number of causes which occur during a ship's design, construction, and operational phases, and which collectively manifest themselves as a major shortage of flammable and combustible liquid stowage space aboard current fleet ships. Actions are then formulated to eliminate or counteract these fundamental causes, and validated by application to a hypothetical case study.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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RELIABILITY OF SHIPBOARD ELEVATORS - THERE IS HOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 142-150页

作者： COMPTON, WC ANDERER, TC HEINZE, FA William C. Comptonholds a BSME degree from Drexel University (1975) in Philadelphia PA. He also holds an MS in engineering management from Drexel University (1980). He is currently the section head of the newly formed Cargo/ Weapons Handling Systems Alteration Installation Team at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES). Prior to that he was the section head of the Aircraft Carrier Weapons Elevator and SASS Systems Section at NA VSSES. It was in this section that Mr. Compton was responsible for NA VSSES efforts in the standard cargo/weapons elevator RDT&E program. He has been involved with this program since the beginning and is responsible for the development of the Standard Cargo/Weapons Elevator Land Based Engineering Site. He is a member of ASNE and has been with NA VSSES since 1972. He has been working with cargo/weapons elevators since 1977. Theodore C. Anderer PE is a senior project engineer in the Hull and Deck Machinery Department of the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He holds a BSME degree from Drexel University and has continued education toward an MBA. Mr. Anderer is a registered professional engineer. He has over 25 years experience in the design of medium and heavy equipment. During the past 10 years Mr. Anderer has been in project management positions on multimillion dollar naval and industrial projects. He held a key position in the development of the first coal-fired ship built in 45 years. Currently Mr. Anderer is the leader of the RDT&E team at NA VSSES tasked with the development of standard cargo/weapons elevator specifications and the design and construction of a full-scale 6-deck elevator. Frederick A. Heinzeis presently employed by Advanced Marine Enterprises Inc. at the Cherry Hill N.J. office as a program manager/senior engineer. His work involves designs and specifications for standard cargo/weapons elevator components and the NA VSSES Land Based Engineering Site under contract to NA VSSES. Mr. Heinze holds a BS degree in mechanical

In 1980, at the Ship systems Technical Symposium in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, a paper was presented entitled “Reliability of Shipboard Elevators — Is There Hope for Improvement?” It painted a bleak picture of elevators and their future. The history of Navy cargo/weapons elevator installations does reveal a wide variety of equipment sizes and con figurations developed by numerous vendors working to different performance specifications for each contract. The result has been poor reliability, a proliferation of spare parts requirements, and logistic and maintenance nightmares. To correct this, NAVSEA has initiated various efforts, including a program to develop and test improved, standardized designs. The improvements expected by that program include standard capacities and speeds, lightweight construction and easy removability for maintenance. This is being accomplished through standard drawings and detailed, as opposed to performance, specifications. But the key to the success of this effort is to design and test for reliability, maintainability and safety. This is being accomplished by following NAVSEA Quality Assurance Plan 200, which specifies failure mode, criticality, stress, worst case and sneak circuit analyses. New equipment will be tested and evaluated at the new land based engineering site (LBES) at the Naval Ship systems engineering Station (NAVSSES), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This site has been designed to test elevator systems and components and simulate shipboard conditions including temperature and humidity. Initially, equipment intended for the new AOE-6 and AE-36 classes will be tested. The site will also be able to test cargo and weapons elevator doors and hatches in an aircraft carrier configuration. The site includes a standard hydraulic power unit (HPU) to operate flush deck and in-trunk hatches and different door types. This paper describes the philosophy and methods for the overall standard elevator RDT&E effort and how it will improve the rel

关键词： ELEVATORS

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WARSHIPS AND COST CONSTRAINTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第2期98卷 41-52页

作者： HOPE, JP STORTZ, VE Jan Paul Hope a native of Northern Virginia received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career in the Department of the Navy with the Naval Ship Systems Command in the acquisition of patrol craft mine sweepers and submarine rescue ships. In January 1971 he transferred to the ship arrangements branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of master of engineering administration. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Mr. Hope was general arrangement task leader on the AO-177 CG-47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN-9 (Aegis) and CGN-42 and he also assisted in the landmark Naval Sea Systems Command civilian professional community study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the damage control section and subsequently was selected as acting head of the surface ship hydrodynamic section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the surface combatant arrangements design section. Mr. Hope was selected for the first class of the NA VSEA commander's development program. While on the program he served in the DDGX combat systems engineering division and the DDGX project office of NA VSEA was the assistant director for ship design in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics and was the director of weight engineering and the director of systems engineering for the DDG-51 project in NA VSEA. Upon completion of the program Mr. Hope was assigned as the deputy director of the boiler engineering division to create a new division as a major fleet support initiative by NA VSEA. In June 1985 he joined the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics. Mr. Hope was presented the Department of the Navy meritorious civilian service medal in June 1983 for his service with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the

This paper discusses the need and processes for designing warships to meet cost constraints and for managing warship acquisition programs during the design phase to assure effective adherence to production cost constraints by the design team. The resource control methodology used during the contract design of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, DDG-51, is examined as a potential model for controlling the cost while maintaining the combat effectiveness of warships. The paper begins with a summary of the basic issue — the relationship among unit cost, unit capability, force level numbers, and force capability — showing recent trends in destroyer costs and force levels. This introduction also includes a discussion of the cost constraint for the DDG-51 in relation to historical trends and ship construction funding allocation. The resource control methodology used to reduce and control costs of the DDG-51 is discussed with a summary of the approach, key concepts and tools, chronology of key events, examples, and results achieved. A number of observations on this methodology are then made which are followed by comments on life cycle costs. The paper concludes with remarks on the future application of the resource control methodology and areas for further work to improve future resource control efforts.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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ARMIS: A microcomputer-based hospital risk management information system

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Journal of Medical systems 1985年第5-6期9卷 315-324页

作者： Raz, Tzvi Baretich, Matthew F. From the Department of Industrial and Management Engineering and the Graduate Program in Hospital and Health Administration The University of Iowa Iowa City 52242 Iowa United States

Information processing is a major element of hospital risk management programs. A microcomputer-based information system has been designed and implemented in a medium-size university hospital. The design principles and the functional capabilities of the system are described here, followed by an evaluation based on the first year of operation. © 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

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PHASED MAINTENANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第6期97卷 55-68页

作者： TODD, J received his B.S. degree in marine engineering from the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point N.Y. in 1968. After graduation he served as third assistant and second assistant engineer aboard a variety of steam and motor vessels. In September 1969 his United States Naval Reserve commission was activated and he has served as main propulsion assistant on USS Goldsborough (DDG-20) program manager for machinery maintenance at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Norfolk Division ship superintendent docking officer and surface ship test director at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard design superintendent and program manager representative for AS and LSD new construction at Lockheed while assigned to Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Seattle and overhaul improvement officer and type desk coordinator for amphibious and auxiliary ships while assigned to the staff of Commander Naval Surface Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Cdr. Todd completed his graduate work at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey where he received a M.S. degree in mechanical engineering and the degree of mechanical engineer. He coauthored a paper entitled “Corrosion of Zinc Anodes on Steel Hulls” which appeared in the Naval Engineers Journal in 1974 and served as a discusser for the ASNE Day 1983 paper “The Navy's AFS Phased Maintenance Program: A Maintenance Management Success Story” by Joest.

Phased maintenance has expanded from a one class, three ship experiment to a viable maintenance strategy for the auxiliary and amphibious forces of the U.S. Navy. An evaluation of the program on the AFS class on the East Coast concludes that phased maintenance has solved the Atlantic Fleet AFS deployment problem, all PMAs have completed on time or early, IMA time and emergent voyage repair time are dramatically shorter, operational readiness has been enhanced, repair costs are declining moderately, the repair work definition process has evolved into a well-managed, streamlined and efficient process, and the port engineer concept continues to be as critical to the success of Atlantic Fleet phased maintenance as any single program element. Critics of expansion of the program charge that too much authority is being placed in the hands of a single individual, modernization will be inadequate, contractors will gouge the Navy with cost reimbursement contracts, a separate supply system will evolve, the Navy will saturate the industrial capacity of certain ports, and competition for Navy repair work will be eliminated with multiyear cost reimbursement contracts.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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RACER - A DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第5期97卷 139-146页

作者： DONOVAN, MR MATTSON, WS Michael R. Donovanis a 1974 graduate of the United States Naval Academy where he received his undergraduate degree in naval architecture. In 1975 he received a master of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After completing the Navy's nuclear power training program he served as machinery division officer in USSBainbridge (CGN-25) and chemistry and radiological controls assistant in USSLong Beach (CGN-9). He successfully completed the Navy's surface warfare officer qualification and passed the nuclear engineer's examination administered by Naval Reactors. He was then assigned to the Ship Design and Engineering Directorate (SEA-05) Naval Sea Systems Command as head systems engineer on the DDG-51 ship design project where he received the Navy Commendation Medal for outstanding performance. He is currently with Solar Turbines Incorporated as manager ship integration and integrated logistic support for the Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system. Mr. Donovan has lectured at Virginia Polytechnic Institute teaching marine engineering and has given presentations on ship design at various symposiums and section meetings for both ASNE and SNAME. He has been a member of ASNE and SNAME since 1972 and is registered as a professional engineer in California and Virginia. Wayne S. Mattsonreceived his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Western New England College in 1972. Following graduation he attended Naval Officer Candidate School and was subsequently assigned as a project officer to COMOPTEVFOR where he was responsible for technical and operational test plans their execution and final equipment appraisal. Following a tour as engineering officer aboard the USSNespelen (AOG-55) he was assigned as commissioning MPA aboard the USSElliot (DD-967) the fifthSpruanceclass destroyer. For the past six years he has been employed by Solar Turbines Incorporated in program management within the advanced development department. He is currently

There is a great deal of emphasis currently in the Navy on the issues of reliability and maintainability. If a system or component is out of commission, it obviously cannot perform its mission. Thus, systems and components must be reliable, with low failure rates, and maintainable, with short repair times when the system does become inoperable. To be effective, these attributes must be incorporated into new ship systems early in the design stage. The Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system is a heat recovery steam cycle designed to recover energy from the exhaust of an LM2500 gas turbine for augmentation of a ship's propulsion system. The RACER system provides several advantages to a gas turbine powered ship, one of which is improved fuel efficiency for significant annual fuel savings. This saving does not come free, however, since, in general, any additional system installed in the ship will have some maintenance requirements. In keeping with the Navy's current emphasis, a key philosophy in the design of the RACER system has been to minimize this maintenance burden. After a brief description of the RACER system and its design philosophy, the techniques being used during the design phase to minimize the maintenance burden on the fleet are presented. Trade-off studies concerning acquisition versus life-cycle costs, including fuel and maintenance costs, are discussed. Innovations incorporated into this state-of-the-art system are reviewed with an emphasis on design for affordability.

关键词： COGENERATION PLANTS

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