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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT DESIGN - A PERSPECTIVE

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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USE OF COMMERCIAL SPECIFICATIONS IN THE SHIPBUILDING PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第1期93卷 77-84页

作者： LISANBY, JW HAAS, J Rear Admiral James W. Lisanby USN: graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1950 at which time he received his B.S. degree and his commission as Ensign. Subseqeuntly he was ordered to Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received his advanced degree in Naval Engineering (Architecture) in 1956 and more recently additional training in the Harvard Business School's Management Training Program. An Engineering Duty Officer (ED) he has had wide experience in various assignments both afloat and ashore. From 1950 to 1952 he served in the USS Mississippi (AG-128) from 1952 to 1953 in the USS LST-887 and from 1959 to 1961 in the USS Antietam (CVS-36). Shore duty assignments have included Ship Superintendent at the Charleston Naval Shipyard (1956-59) Ship Material Officer Staff of Commander-in-Chief U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1961-63) Assistant for New Con struction in the Cruiser and Destroyer Branch (1963-65) at the former Naval Ship Systems Command (NA VSHIPS) Head of the Procurement and Production Branch Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project Office (1965-68) Director of Industrial Engineering Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy-Installations and Logistics (1968-69) and Executive Assistant to the Commander NAVSHIPS (1969-70). He then reported as Supervisor of Shipbuilding at Pascagoula Miss. with contract administration responsibilities for both the DD 963 and LHA 1 Class ship acquisitions. Returning to Wash ington in 1973 he completed a brief tour as Assistant for Ship Design in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and then served as Project Manager for the LHA Class of Amphibious Assault Ships (with headquarters in Washington D.C.) from 1974 until June 1977 at which time he assumed command of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC). With the merger ofNA VSEC on 1 October 1979 with its parent com mand the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) he as sumed his present duties as Deputy Commander for Ship Design and Integration NA VSEA. Rear Admiral Lisanby has been activ

This paper describes the method used by the Navy in the acquisition of ships, with particular reference to the some 2,500 documents referenced directly in the process. For such documents, initially mostly military, a concerted effort is underway to substitute “commercial specifications” where feasible. A comparison is made between the processing of military documents and industry standards. The paper then goes into details of available Industry Documents for materials and small items, noting the general absence for large items of machinery and equipment (and a possible solution). The use of “off-the-shelf” equipment also is discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages of both methods of specifying requirements. Finally, the paper summarizes the alternatives: maximum use of industry standards (either directly or indirectly); use of Commercial Item Descriptions where feasible; and retention of military documents where necessary (mission-critical systems, where marine ruggedness is required, and for truly military applications).

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CABLE BURIAL IN THE DEEP OCEAN-FLOOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 218-230页

作者： ROCKWELL, PK ENGEL, JH PIERCY, WB Mr. Philip K. Rockwell joined the Ocean Engineering Department at the Civil Engineering Laboratory (CEL) in 1969 after receiving his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and in 1973 won the WEPCOSE Scholarship which took him to the University of Washington for postgraduate studies in Fluid Power Control Systems. Since joining CEL he has specialized in Underwater Manipulator and Diver Tool Systems has been the Project Engineer and Navy certified submersible operator for the manned submersible NEMO and has been responsible for the design test and evaluation of submersible fluid power and fluid power control systems. His most recent efforts have been on the Deep Ocean Cable Burial System for which he has been responsible for concept development program management validation testing. and coordination and planning for the total system design and fabrication. Mr. Rockwell is an Engineer-in-Training (EIT) in the state of California and in 1979 was awarded the Meritorious Civil Service Award for his outstanding performance. Mr. John H. Engel Jr. is a Mechanical Engineer in the Construction Systems Division Ocean Engineering Department. of the Civil Engineering Laboratory. He is a graduate of Oregon State University for which he received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering. Prior to joining CEL in 1975 he was involved with the design and development of remote oceanographic devices for the School of Oceanography at Oregon State University. At CEL he has worked in the areas of Underwater Gas Generation and Buoyant Lift Systems and at the present time is responsible for the mechanical design of the shallow water mooring for the initial ocean tests of the Current Measurement System. Mr. Engle also is a registered Engineer-in-Training in the state of Oregon. Mr. William Bruce Piercy at the present time is a student at the University of California at Berkeley where he is studying for his M.S. degree in Engineering having received his B.S. degr

Bottom fishing equipment employed by scallopers and trawlers routinely damage or break important Navy Oceanographic cables resulting in substantial repair coats and unacceptable system interruption. The Civil engineering Laboratory (CEL), sponsored by the Naval Facilities engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), has been developing and validating an engineering concept for a Deep Ocean Cable Burial (DOCB) System. This DOCB System will providethe Navy with an efficient, effective and reliable means of burying cables 3-feet deap in ocean mediments, at speeds not less than one knot, to water depths of 6,000 feet. The DOCB System b a remotely controlled machine which underruns and buries existing (previously laid) cables. It is powered and controlled from a surface ship via an electromechanical umbilica cable. The machine is self-propelled by ducted thrusters and supported on water lubricated skids. The excavation system computer an orbital vibrating plowshareand a vertical waterjet. Full-scale field testing at CEL baa keyed on three areas: •. Quantifying the reduction in drawbar force achieved by applying orbital vibration to an upward cutting plowshare. •. Evaluating a Vertically impinging jet nozzle for depth of a cut M a function of jet operating parameters. •. Demonstrating the effect on the soil drag of a flat-bottomed skid due to forcing a thin layer of water between the skid and the seafloor. The field teats of an orbital vibratory plow were performed in a 1 to 2 psi clay simllar to that found on the ocean floor. The results showed that a 70% reduction in drawbar force was achieved by applying an elliptical orbital vibration. It was also shown that the vibration feature would split or push aside buried rocks which would have stalled a conventional stationary plow. The water jet tests demonstrated that a 2 1/2-in. nozzle cuts 36-in. deep in 1 to 2 psi clay. The nozzle pressure was 75 psi and flow was 1,200 gpm. The water jet did not produce a clearly defined trench, b

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INNOVATIONS IN COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN OF MARINE TURBINES USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 207-217页

作者： GINGRICH, JK WINTER, RL Mr. John K. Gingrich joined the General Electric Company after his graduation from Lafayette College in 1948. His early assignments were with the General Engineering Laboratory and the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Schenectady. N. Y. He joined the Marine Turbine and Gear Department in 1968 as Manager Engineering Administration. and assumed his present assignment as Manager Engineering Resource Planning & Administration in 1976. Mr. Gingrich was instrumental in procuring the Interactive Graphics System for the Medium Steam Department. having headed up the Study Team and is now responsible for the Interactive Graphics Systems management including new procurements. He is a member of the American Institute of Design Drafting and is currently the Chairman of the Computer-Aided Drafting Committee in that organization. Mr. Reinhold L. Winter is a graduate of the General Electric Apprentice Program and Salem State College from which he received his B.S. degree in Business Administration. He has nineteen years experience with the General Electric Company including eight years in Business Systems and Programming two years in Computer Operations Management and six years in his present position as Manager Engineering Business Systems. He was a member of the original Study Team that investigated and selected the present Applicon Interactive Graphics (IAG) equipment and currently is responsible for the management of software and hardware support for the ZAG Facility.

This paper discusses the Interactive Graphics System used by the General Electric Company, Medium Steam Turbine Department (engineering & Manufacturing) for designing, drafting, and manufacturing applications. A brief overview of the hardware malting up the system is described, followed by a more detailed description of the actual applications. Two-dimensional applications described include a Heat Balance Analysis, Flow Diagrams, and Electrical Schematics. A more fruitful area for increased productivity gains is described in the three-dimensional or mechanical applications including turbine design & layout and bucket design. coordination of the design with manufacturing for numerical control tape generation is described through CAM and Plate Frame Cutting applications. Finally, a short review of the engineering design work using Interactive Graphics is discussed. Productivity gains of 2.6 to 1 are being realized, and the overall savings to the Medium Steam Department are outlined.

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A SUBMARINE CONTROL-SYSTEM TEST VEHICLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 148-155页

作者： SEJD, JJ WATKINSON, KW HILL, WF Mr. James J. Sejd received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Case Western Reserve University and has since undergone considerable graduate study at both The George Washington and American Universities. He served almost four years in the U.S. Navy as a Naval Aviator and enjoys the unique distinction of being qualified in both Heavier- and Lighter-than-Air aircraft. Early in his career he was employed at the Navy's Bureau of Ships in the capacity of a Structural Designer and Structural Research Monitor. In 1966 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analyses where he was involved in the mathematical modeling of ships and aircraft and in economic “trade-off‘ analysis. In 1970. he went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center as an Operations Research Analyst in the Ship Design and Development Division. At the present time he is employed as a Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Research and Development Office. A member of ASNE since 1973 he also is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers at NAVSEA the Operations Research Society of America and the Lighter-Than-Air Society. Mr. Kenneth W. Watkinson received both is B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Science from Florida State University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. Since graduation he has been employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC). Panama City. Fla. where he is primarily involved in the investigation of the stability and control of underwater vehicles. For the past four years he has been the Task Leader and Principal Investigator for the NCSC portion of the Advanced Submarine Control Program involved in developing control design methods and the instrumentation system for the Submarine Control System Test Vehicle. Mr. William F. Hill is currently the ASCOP Program Manager at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) Inc. where he has the overall responsibility for design and construction of the Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). He entered the aircraft industry in England as an Apprentice w

As part of the Advanced Submarine Control program (ASCOP), the Naval Sea systems Command has developed an open water Submarine Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). This vehicle is a 1/12 scale model of an SSN 688 Class Submarine, with provisions for easy geometric changes. Such changes include alternate Sail size and location, the addition of parallel middle-bodies, alternative tail sections, and alternative control configurations. A self-contained instrumentation and control system provides the capability for “on-board” recording of all relevant Submarine-state variables, over the entire speed and depth range, to a degree of data accuracy exceeding any known system. With the means thus available to correlate measured vehicle hydrodynamics with selected maneuvers, conditions, and changes in hull geometry and control surface configuration, modern mathematical techniques for improving submarine equations of motion can be employed to permit dramatic design enhancements in both safety and performance. This paper provides the rationale and history of the development of this vehicle, a description of the instrumentation and control package, and a description of the vehicle itself.

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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THE MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE SHIP MAINTENANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第6期92卷 71-83页

作者： WOODRUFF, RB USN THE AUTHORgraduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with distinction in 1964. He served initially in theUSS Davis (DD-937)as Main Propulsion Assistant attended the Naval Destroyer School. and then was a member of the Pre-Commissioning Crew and Engineer Officer in theUSS Julius A. Furer (DEG-6).Selected as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) in 1968. he had a tour in the Maintenance Department Staff of Commander Cruiser-Destroyer Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet at Newport. R.I. after which he attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate studies which culminated in his receiving his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his degree of Ocean Engineer in 1972. Following graduation he was assigned to the Boston Naval Shipyard followed by two years in theUSS Puget Sound (AD-38) asRepair Officer after which he was ordered to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard as the Production Engineering Officer. Currently he is on duty in the Naval Sea Systems Command (PMS 399) where he is the Trials Officer and Deputy Hull Technical Director for the OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG 7) Class Acquisition Program. Cdr. Woodruff is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer. and among his military decorations holds the Naval Achievement Medal and the Vietnamese Meritorious Unit Citation Gallantry Cross. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1967. he is a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute. and his two previous papers on Naval Shipyard Production presented at ASNE Day 1978 and 1979 were published in theNaval Engineers JournalVol. 90 No. 2 (April 1978) and Vol. 91. No. 2 (April 1979).

The purpose of the paper is to address the current dilemma facing the Surface Ship Navy as it approaches the twenty-first century. The basic underlying thesis is that the Maintenance Community has lost sight of the goal it must have: to support the Commanding Officer of a ship to get his ship from point A to point B with its weapons system ready. To do this, three basic things must occur: 1) the ship must be capable of getting underway and steaming (i.e., turn the screw); 2) the ship must have its weapons systems working and “up” in all respects (i.e., fight the ship); and 3) the Crew must be prepared (i.e., have sufficient training). It Is submitted that we have lost sight of this fact. There remains an inordinate amount of concern over appearance (external and internal), habitability, plaques, inspections, and various human factors programs, and funds may be spent in there areas when the main machinery plant and missile systems are “down.” A recent example is the effort to remove every speck of wood from all Navy ships including picture frames. Training is addressed also as the third key element missing, particularly in the main machinery spaces. A brief examination is made of the ship cycle as it gas into the maintenance mode, i.e., delivery plus one to two years. A comparison is made with the basic Submarine Force approach to this problem and when the Surface Community may take a page out of the Submarine Force book. An addressed are: 1) Current Ship's Maintenance Project (CSMP); 2) Planned Maintenance System (PMS); 3) Pre-Overhaul Test and Inspection (POT&I); 4) Long lead time SHIPALT material, 5) Intermediate Maintenance Activity (IMA) role (Tenders and SIMAS); and 6) Shipyard role and facilities.

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U.S. SHIPBUILDING: THE SEVENTIES IN RETROSPECT —THE PROSPECTS FOR THE EIGHTIES

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第4期92卷 25-38页

作者： FISHER, JAMES R. COADY, PHILIP USN Capt. James Ronald Fisher USN is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. Class of 1958. has his M.A. degree in Management and is an Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He has served in a Destroyer and four Attack and Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines as Training Officer of the Nuclear Propulsion Unit. West Milton N. Y. and at the Charleston Naval Shipyard where he also was the Chairman of the ASNE Charleston Section. He was ordered to the National Defense University from duty in the Industrial Management Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). and has just recently been reassigned to the Submarine Platform Directorate at NA VSEA. Cdr. Philip Coady USN is a graduate of Tufts University from which he received his A.B. degree in 1963 and also the Naval Postgraduate School. Monterey. Calif. from which he received his M.S. degree in 1972. His sea experience has been predominently in Destroyers. most recently as Executive Officer of the USS Claude V. Ricketts (DDG-S) and has had two tours in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OP-090) his latest being that of Special Assistant for Financial Management to the Director of Navy Program Planning (OP-090). Currently he is under orders to assume command of the USS Conolly (DD-979).

This paper reviews the recent turbulent history of the U.S. Shipbuilding Industry, its present status, and its prospects for the decade ahead. The Authors suggest that current maritime policy and the trend of market f...

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THE FFG–7 GUIDED MISSLE FRIGATE program– MODEL FOR THE FUTURE?

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第3期90卷 93-105页

作者： BEECHER, JOHN D. DiTRAPANI, ANTHONY R. Captain John D. Beecher USN:is the Project Manager Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He holds a BS degree in Naval Science from the U. S. Naval Academy a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the U. S. Navy Postgraduate School and a MS degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT. He is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer who served for seventeen years in the unrestricted line. Captain Beecher's military decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal with Star in lieu of Second Award. Mr. Anthony R. DiTrapani:is the Deputy Project Manager of the Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1958. He began his engineering career in the Navy's Bureau of Ships Steam Turbine and Gear Branch. specializing in steam turbine systems for nuclear submarines. In 1962 after completing graduate work at The George Washington University and a Navy–sponsored Electronics Training Program he joined the SQS–26 Sonar Project and served as Head of the Special Projects Section and subsequently the Test and Analysis Section until 1967. In 1967 he was selected to head the ASW Branch and later the Technical Management Plans Division for the DD–963 Ship Acquisition Project. Naval Sea Systems Command until 1971 when he was assigned to the FFG Project.

Late in 1970, Admiral E. R. Zumwalt, Chief of Naval Operations, directed that study begin towards development of a new class of ocean escort, now known as the FFG 7 (Oliver Hazard Perry) Class, to take over some of the duties of the Navy's World War II destroyers as these 25 year old ships are retired from the active Fleet. At the same time, the Department of Defense was significantly revising its basic policies for the development and acquisition of major weapons systems, and the FFG became the Navy's first major ship class acquisition under these new policies. These new policies, as announced in DOD Directive 5000.1, along with the program constraints imposed by the CNO, required the development of a philosophy and approach towards design, test and evaluation and acquisition which was significantly different from previous ship procurements. This paper summarizes the overall acquisition, T&E and logistic support plans for the FFG 7 Class as they were developed and implemented to meet these needs and constraints, discusses the ship trial results, and provides a commentary regarding the effectiveness of the approach and future applicability. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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Effective Shift Allocation in Multiproduct Lines: a Mixed Integer programming Approach

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Journal of the Operational Research Society 1977年第4期28卷 1013-1021页

作者： Stelios H. Zanakis Kenneth D. Lawrence Industrial Engineering & Systems Analysis Program W.V. College of Graduate Studies Institute U.S.A. Management Information Services Dept. Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. Nutley U.S.A.

This paper examines the problem of effectively allocating production shifts to a set of production lines and assigning a product to each line under various resource restrictions. This is the kind of allocation problem encountered when the profit motive is (partially, temporarily or totally) removed from the decision-making process (e.g. aggressive marketing or military operations). The system effectiveness is measured by the percent satisfaction of demands (readiness ratios). Two mixed integer programming models are developed and illustrated by means of an example. The first maximizes the smallest readiness ratio for a product, while the second minimizes the total deviation from the goal of perfect satisfaction of all demands. Extensions of these models are also suggested.

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