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作者： Zancanaro Jr., Flavio V. Vielmo, Horácio A. Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

The work investigates the effects of the time step in the modeling of the intake and in-cylinder systems of a Diesel engine, under the motored condition. The engine has a bore of 79.5 mm and a stroke of 86 min. The valves and piston movements are included. The equations are numerically solved, including a transient analysis of the intake stroke, for an engine speed of 1500 rpm, using a commercial Finite Volumes CFD code. For the purpose of examining the in-cylinder turbulence characteristics two parameters are observed: the discharge coefficient and swirl ratio. Regarding the turbulence, computations are performed with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes, Eddy Viscosity Model k-ω SST, and also the k-Ε standard cubic Model (usual in the automotive industry), with standard near wall treatment. A moving hexahedral mesh independence study is presented. In the same way many convergence tests are performed, and a secure criterion established. The enthalpy equation is also solved, and the air compressibility is considered, being treated as perfect gas. A steady state flow-bench intake calculation is also presented, and the results are compared against experimental data. Thought the results it is possible to note divergences between the turbulence models employed and time steps. © 2010 SAE International 2010-36-0090.

关键词： Diesel engines

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Site Readiness Index for Implementing Industry 4.0 based on the Design Principles and Emerging Manufacturing Technologies

Site Readiness Index for Implementing Industry 4.0 based on ...

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IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2023

作者： Garbie, Ibrahim Parsaei, Hamid Garbie, Muhammad Department of Mechanical Engineering-Industrial Engineering Program College of Engineering Helwan University Cairo Egypt Wm Michael Barnes’64 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Industrial Systems and Manufacturing Engineering Texas Tech University LubbockTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713877851

Nowadays, Implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has become an urgent mandate in manufacturing enterprises to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of production processes. Six design principles (DP) must be considered to meet the challenges of integrating I4.0 beside the emerging advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT). This paper summarizes the analysis and investigation into the importance of I4.0 side readiness that enables the customization of AMT with the DP. The principal aim of this paper is to support manufacturing enterprises by incorporating AMT with the DP, thus helping these enterprises identify their specific requirements for implementing industry 4.0/ smart manufacturing. A model of estimating side readiness by adopting the DP incorporating customizing AMT is also analyzed and presented. The side readiness index towards implementing I4.0 is assessed and illustrated through a numerical example. © IISE and Expo *** rights reserved.

关键词： Industry 4.0

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The micro/nanohybrid structures enhancing B35 cell guidance on chitosan

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Journal of Nanotechnology in engineering and Medicine 2015年第3期6卷 031005页

作者： Lin, Ying-Ting Li, Ching-Wen Wang, Gou-Jen Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung-Hsing University 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung40227 Taiwan

A novel chitosan scaffold with micro- and nano-hybrid structures was proposed in this study. The hemispheric array of the barrier layer of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film was used as the substrate. Microelectromechanical systems and nickel electroforming techniques were integrated for fabricating chitosan scaffolds with different micro/ nanohybrid structures. Nerve cells were then cultured on the conduits. It was demonstrated that the scaffold with pure microstructures can guide the nerve cells to grow along the ridges of the microstructure and some cells to grow across the groove in between two ridges of the microstructure. It was also shown that the scaffold with microscale ridges and nanopatterns on the groove between two ridges can more effectively guide the cells to grow along the ridges, thus enhancing the proliferation of nerve cells. © 2016 by ASME.

关键词： Chitosan

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Investigating the effect of cryogenic pre-cooling on the friction stir processing of AZ31B

Investigating the effect of cryogenic pre-cooling on the fri...

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World Congress on engineering, WCE 2014

作者： Ammouri, Ali H. Kridli, Ghassan T. Ayoub, George Hamade, Ramsey F. Mechanical Engineering Department American University of Beirut 11-0236 Beirut Lebanon Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering University of Michigan Dearborn United States Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A and M University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789881925350

This manuscript aims to investigate the effect of cryogenic in-process cooling via liquid nitrogen on the outcomes of the friction stir processing (FSP) of twin roll cast (TRC) magnesium alloy AZ31B. Friction stir processing was performed on 3mm thick sheets of TRC AZ31B at a wide range of processing parameters. The tool rotational speed was varied between 600 RPM and 2000 RPM while the tool feed rate varied between 75 mm/min and 900 mm/min. Thrust force and torque values were experimentally measured using a 4-component dynamometer. Temperature measurements were monitored during the different tests using Infrared sensors and thermocouples. The microstructure of processed samples was observed using optical microscopy. It was found that thrust force and torque values of the pre-cooled samples were 5% higher than those of the room temperature samples due to the material hardening induced by the cooling effect. Finer and more homogenous microstructure was observed for the pre-cooled samples when compared with samples processed at room temperature. The average grain size of pre-cooled samples was predicted using a relation -previously introduced by the authors- that relate grain size and the Zener-Hollomon parameter for TRC AZ31B. This equation was found to correctly predict grain diameter for in-line cooled FSP AZ31B samples at temperatures lower than room temperature.

关键词： Friction

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Designing an Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis: Digital Prototype, Modeling and Control 25

Designing an Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis: Digital Prototype...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Automation/25th Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control, ICA-ACCA 2022

作者： Caprini, Gabriela A. Cunha, Carolina M. Junior, Arnaldo G. L. Andrade, Rafhael M. Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Department of Mechanical Engineering Vitória Brazil Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Vitória Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494083

Foot amputation can happen due to several factors and cause severe changes in the individual's gait pattern, reduces mobility and generates injuries. Over the past two decades, researchers have dedicated efforts to develop transtibial pros-theses capable of reproducing healthy foot movement to help the amputee rehabilitation process. This work presents the digital prototype, dynamic modeling and preliminary control of an active ankle-foot prosthesis. The powertrain of the devices is composed of a EC 60 flat 200 W motor coupled to a CPL-20A-50-2 51:1 harmonic drive to generate active torque for the user. Results indicate that the projected prosthesis is promising for the proposed function, with 1.633 kg, a height of 168.57 mm and capable of generating up to 1.02 N.m/kg of torque and 5.39 rad/s of angular velocity, considering a time span of 1 second for the gait cycle on level ground. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Digital devices

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Urban Digital Twins for Synthetic Data of Individuals with Mobility Aids in Curitiba, Brazil, to Drive Highly Accurate AI Models for Inclusivity

Urban Digital Twins for Synthetic Data of Individuals with M...

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8th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Society, CITIS 2023

作者： Luna-Romero, Santiago Felipe Stempniak, Charles Roberto de Souza, Mauren Abreu Reynoso-Meza, Gilberto Health Technology Graduate Program Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba80215-901 Brazil Automa Geo "Digital Twin Platform" Curitiba Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba80215-901 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031520891

This article delves into the significance of urban digital twins in generating synthetic data specifically tailored for individuals with disabilities. It explores how this data can be effectively utilized to construct artificial intelligence (AI) models that promote inclusivity and enhance accessibility in urban environments. The article thoroughly examines the challenges and opportunities associated with acquiring data on individuals with disabilities, taking into account the ethical and practical implications of generating and utilizing synthetic data for the development of accessible and inclusive technologies. Using the city of Curitiba, Brazil as a case study, which has undergone scanning, digitization, and transformation into an urban digital twin, avatars have been strategically placed to enable the detection of individuals with disabilities within diverse scenarios and perspectives in urban environments. Consequently, this approach provides a diverse and realistic representation of the situations in which individuals with disabilities may find themselves in urban settings, contributing to advancements in urban planning and technology by emphasizing the importance of digital twins in generating synthetic data to promote inclusivity and accessibility for individuals with disabilities. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Computer vision

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Evaluation of braking behaviour for train drivers using phase-plane trajectories

Evaluation of braking behaviour for train drivers using phas...

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20th Symposium of the International Association for Vehicle System Dynamics, IAVSD

作者： Marumoa, Y. Tsunashima, H. Yamazaki, H. Lizuka, Y. Kojima, T. Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Industrial Technology Nihon University Narashino-shi Chiba Japan Department of Mechahical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Musashi Institute of Technology Setagaya-ku Tokyo Japan Program in Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Industrial Technology Nihon University Narashino-shi Chiba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780415486026

This study analyses braking behaviour of train drivers and estimates drivers' mental condition using a train simulator. The velocity deviation recognised by drivers is defined by the difference between the present vehicle velocity and the desired velocity that enables the vehicle to stop at the desired position if the present deceleration is kept constant. Observing the relation between the velocity deviation and the braking operation enables the detection of abnormal driving behaviour. The phase-plane trajectory of the velocity deviation and the brake command with mental workload indicates a large velocity deviation and repetition of the braking operation, while the trajectory without mental workload indicates that both the velocity deviation and the brake command gradually approach the origin of the coordinate axes. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.

关键词： Brakes

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Evaluation of advanced trajectory generators and a robust inverse kinematic solver with a 7-DOF industrial robot

Evaluation of advanced trajectory generators and a robust in...

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2013 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, ARSO 2013

作者： Miranda, Ángel G. Huang, Shu Chang, Yung-Jung Huang, Han-Pang National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Mechanical and Systems Laboratory Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 31040 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Institute of Industrial Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923694

An optimized trajectory of multi-axis robotic manipulators is important and directly influences the performance of the executing task. In manipulators of seven or more axis, this optimization involves considerations regarding continuity of position and velocity in both Cartesian and joint space coordinates. In this paper, two trajectory generation algorithms are applied on a 7-axis manipulator for performance evaluation. These two trajectory generation algorithms evaluated here, namely the Cubic Spline and the Modified Tension Spline, are different in their mechanism and simplicity, and their evaluation will yield conclusions and guidelines which can be readily applied in the automation industry. Two application tasks are designed to evaluate the combined performance of the trajectory generators and the inverse kinematics (IK) solver;a triangular wave trajectory in a specific plane and a three-level shelf reaching trajectory. The results show that, near the vicinity of joint limits and singularities, a Cartesian pose which undershoots and overshoots will most certainly cause convergence errors in IK solvers. In addition, both a Cartesian space trajectory and pose optimization can potentially decrease the convergence of inverse kinematic solvers. Finally, the inclusion of low pass filters in the IK output will most certainly reduce power costs, increase the lifetime of motors and boost the stability of the accuracy and precision of robot position control. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Inverse kinematics

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Development of High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering (HS-LAS) System for Measuring Vapor and Liquid Phase Concentration Distributions in Evaporating Diesel Spray 10

Development of High-Speed Laser Absorption Scattering (HS-LA...

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10th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine systems, COMODIA 2022

作者： Ray, Samir Chandra Naito, Shinichiro Safiullah Andersson, Mats Nishida, Keiya Ogata, Yoichi Sasaki, Hiroyasu Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh Mechanical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering University of Hiroshima Japan Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg Sweden Nac Image Technology Inc. Japan

The fundamental concept of the LAS technique is to understand the fuel concentration by attenuation of both visible and ultraviolet light. The intensity of visible light is only attenuated by the scattering of droplets, while that of ultraviolet light is attenuated by the scattering of droplets and the absorption of vapors. The conventional LAS uses the ND: YAG pulse laser, CCD cameras and one shot for one spray, which takes time and effort. Moreover, temporal variation measurement of a single shot spray is not possible by the conventional LAS. To record the distribution of the whole vapor phase in an injection event and measure the liquid and vapor concentration inside the spray, a high-speed laser absorption scattering (HS-LAS) technique was developed applying continuous diode light source, high-speed video cameras, and image intensifier for UV light, which can provide the temporal variation of a single shot spray. In the experiment, a commercial seven-hole injector with a hole diameter of 0.123 mm allowing high injection pressure up to 100 MPa was used to avoid the potential inconsistencies with single-hole test injector. The diesel surrogate fuel which consists of 97.5 % n-tridecane and 2.5 % of volume-based 1-methylnaphthalene was used. The injection amount 5.0 mg/hole were selected to investigate the structure and mixture formation process of the spray. The findings of the experiments show that this imaging approach is a promising diagnostic technique for concurrently obtaining quantitative information on the quantity of vapor and droplets in a fuel spray. Furthermore, the turbulent/vortex fluid dynamics' temporal development/variation can be investigated. © 2022 by the Japan Society of mechanical Engineers All rights reserved.

关键词： Diesel engines

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Kinetic analysis of co-combustion of microalgae spirulina platensis and synthetic waste through the fitting model

Kinetic analysis of co-combustion of microalgae spirulina pl...

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2018 International mechanical and industrial engineering Conference, IMIEC 2018

作者： Sukarni, Sukarni Prasetiyo, Ardianto Sumarli, Sumarli Nauri, Imam Muda Permanasari, Avita Ayu Center for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of Malang Malang65145 Indonesia Master Program of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School State University of Malang Malang East Java65145 Indonesia

Thermogravimetric analyzer had been occupied to investigate the behavior of co-combustion between microalgae Spirulina platensis and synthetic waste. The powder of microalgae and synthetic waste were mixed in the same ratio of 50/50. Around 10 mg of the sample was heated up in the chamber under air atmosphere flowrate of 100 ml/min at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The results showed that the sample blend is undergoing thermal degradation in the three stages. The most massive reaction occurred in the second stage in which around 74% of the mass degraded and combusted. The activation energy in the main combustion reaction zone according to the method of Horowitz-Metzger was 57.77 kJ/mol. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.

关键词： Microalgae

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