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Vehicle Speed Control in the Dilemma Zone Using Deep Learning

Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and systems 2022年第3期28卷 209-217页

作者： Lee, Jaewook Kim, Bongsang Sim, Hongseok Choi, Hyohyuk Moon, Heechang Industrial Convergence Interdepartmental Program Autonomous Vehicle･Intelligent Robotics The Graduate School of Hongik University Korea Republic of Mechanical and System Design Engineering Hongik University Korea Republic of

The dilemma zone refers to the area where a vehicle approaching an intersection as the light turns yellow must decide whether to stop or not. Often, the vehicle’s speed is too fast for it to stop at the stop line before the light turns red, but the vehicle cannot completely clear the intersection before the three-second yellow signal ends. This can lead to a major accident as the departing vehicle has not cleared the intersection before the opposite light changes to a green signal and cars on the other side of the intersection start to move. To prepare for this situation, traffic light patterns were modified using pre-trained data sets, then the traffic patterns at these lights were recorded using cameras. Autonomous vehicles were introduced into these areas and their speed was controlled based on the recognized traffic light patterns. This paper explores whether deep learning algorithms can effectively control vehicle speed when autonomous vehicles face the dilemma zone. © ICROS 2022.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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Real-time Path Planning Algorithm based on Ridge Detection for Solid-State LiDAR-based Autonomous Agricultural Robot

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Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and systems 2022年第2期28卷 146-152页

作者： Baek, Seungbeom Kim, Bongsang Lee, Jaewook Moon, Heechang Industrial Convergence Interdepartmental Program Autonomous Vehicle·Intelligent Robotics The Graduate School of Hongik University Korea Republic of Mechanical & System Design Engineering Hongik University Korea Republic of

Autonomous robots driving in agricultural environments need to create accurate routes to prevent damaging farmland. Herein, a real-time path planning algorithm based on ridge detection using the Livox Mid70 LiDAR is proposed. The field has a steep slope between the furrow and the ridge, and we find data corresponding to this slope from the lidar data. Using two Mid70 LiDARs, we collect the left and right slope data and linearly fit the slope data using the RANSAC algorithm. Finally, the driving route is obtained from the average of the two straight lines. To verify the algorithm, the steering angle needed to follow the driving path was calculated, and an autonomous driving test was conducted in the actual field environment: it was observed that the robot drove stably. Additional tests will be conducted in more rugged terrain. © ICROS 2022.

关键词： Optical radar

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Automated patterning of human brain endothelial cells on microstructures using a microfluidic manufacturing approach: An in vitro study

Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing

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Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing 2024年第1期6卷

作者： Aykar, Saurabh S. Ouedraogo, Lionel J. Petersen, Isaac S. Trznadel, Mychal J. Alimoradi, Nima Montazami, Reza Brockman, Amanda L. Hashemi, Nicole N. Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA United States Office of Biotechnology Iowa State University AmesIA United States Neuroscience Graduate Program Iowa State University AmesIA United States

Barrier functionality of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is provided by the tight junctions formed by a monolayer of the human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) internally around the blood capillaries. To mimic such barrier functionality in vitro, replicating the hollow tubular structure of the BBB along with the HBECs monolayer on its inner surface is crucial. Here, we developed a microfluidic manufacturing technique to pattern the HBECs on the surface of alginate-based microstructures. The HBECs were seeded on the inner surface of these hollow microfibers using a custom-built microfluidic device. The seeded HBECs were monitored for 9 days after manufacturing and cultured to form a monolayer on the inner surface of the alginate hollow microfibers in the maintenance media. A higher cell seeding density of 217 cells/mm length of the hollow microfiber was obtained using our microfluidic technique. Moreover, high accuracy of around 96% was obtained in seeding cells on the inner surface of alginate hollow microfibers. The microfluidic method illustrated in this study could be extrapolated to obtain a monolayer of different cell types on the inner surface of alginate hollow microfibers with cell-compatible ECM matrix proteins. Furthermore, it will enable us to manufacture a range of microvascular systems in vitro by closely replicating the structural attributes of the native structure. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Processing published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

关键词： Endothelial cells

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Microstructural Effect on the Corrosion Behavior of N- and P-Type Bismuth Tellurides Fabricated by Induction Melting

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： El-Makaty, Farah M. Nawaz, Muddasir Shakoor, R. Abdul Hammuda, Abdelmagid Youssef, Khaled M. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar Materials Science and Technology Graduate Program College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University Doha2713 Qatar

Numerous efforts have been made to understand and enhance the thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride alloys. However, limited studies have been reported to investigate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and their suitability for industrial applications. This paper examines the corrosion behavior of three different bismuth telluride alloys prepared by induction melting: pristine Bi2Te3, n-type Bi2Te2.55Se0.45, and p-type Bi0.6Sb1.4Te3. The electrochemical response of the samples is tested in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization curves (Tafel plots) revealed that the n-type sample formed a passive layer compared to the pristine and the p-type samples, which showed pitting corrosion. The different trends observed in the samples were related to their evolved microstructures, where fingerprint-like features in the pristine and the p-type samples showed high susceptibility to pitting corrosion. In contrast, a unique needle-like microstructure of the n-type samples acted as nucleation sites for passive layer formation causing higher corrosion resistance in this sample. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Degradation of differently processed Mg-based implants leads to distinct foreign body reactions(FBRs)through dissimilar signaling pathways

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第6期11卷 2106-2124页

作者： Xiaosong Liu Guoqiang Chen Xiongxiong Zhong Tianfang Wang Xiaohong He Weipeng Yuan Pingping Zhang Ying Liu Dongming Cao Shu Chen Ken-ichi Manabe Zhengyi Jiang Tsuyoshi Furushima Damon Kent Yang Chen Guoying Ni Mingyong Gao Hejie Li Cancer Research Institute First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong 528000China Department of Rheumatology First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong 528000China The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People’s HospitalShenzhenGuangdong 510632China Genecology Research Centre University of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore BCQLD 4558Australia Department of Medical Imaging First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong 528000China Department of Surgery First People’s Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong 528000China Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami-osawaHachiojiTokyo 192-0397Japan School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronic and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information SciencesUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AveWollongong NSW 2522Australia Institute of Industrial Science Department of Mechanical and Biofunctional Systemsthe University of Tokyo4-6-1KomabaMeguroTokyo 153-8505Japan School of Science Technology and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore BCQLD 4558Australia

Mg alloys have mechanical properties compatible with human ***,their rapid degradation and associated foreign body reactions in vivo significantly limit their application for human *** this study,three differently processed Mg alloys,pure Mg(PM),cold extruded Mg alloy AZ31(CE AZ31),and fully annealed AZ31 Mg alloy(FA AZ31)were comparatively investigated for their potential as implants using a rat *** three implanted Mg alloys do not show any impact on hepato-and renal function,nor any signs of observable changes to vital *** analysis of tissues directly contacting the implants 2.5 months post implantation revealed that FA AZ31 activates very few inflammation and immune associated signaling pathways;while the CE AZ31 and PM produce more significant inflammatory responses as confirmed by cytokine array ***,FA AZ31 activated pathways for cell organization and development that may improve the recovery of injured ***,EBSD analysis reveals that the FA AZ31 alloy has a higher ratio of first-order pyramidal orientated(10–11){10–1–2}grain texture with a value of 0.25,while PM and CE AZ31 alloys have lower ratios of first-order pyramidal orientated texture with the values of 0.16 and 0.17,*** is associated with recovery and recrystallisation during annealing which promotes grain texture which exhibits enhanced degradation behaviours and induces a more limited immune response in *** conclusion,the FA AZ31 demonstrated better biocompatibility and corrosion resistance and is a promising candidate for metal-based degradable implants which warrants further investigation.

关键词： Toxicity test Proteomics analysis Signaling pathway Biocompatibility and corrosion resistance First-order pyramidal slip system Recovery and recrystallization Foreign body reactions(FBRs)

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Space and Time Efficiency Analysis of Data-Driven Methods Applied to Embedded systems

Space and Time Efficiency Analysis of Data-Driven Methods Ap...

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IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)

作者： Iron Tessaro Roberto Zanetti Freire Viviana Cocco Mariani Leandro dos Santos Coelho Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEPS) Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR) Curitiba Brazil Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEM) Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190495

One of the applications of data-driven methods in the industry is the creation of real-time, embedded measurements, whether to monitor or replace sensor signals. As the number of embedded systems in products raises over time, the energy efficiency of such systems must be considered in the design. The time (processor) efficiency of the embedded software is directly related to the energy efficiency of the embedded system. Therefore, when considering some embedded software solutions, such as data-driven methods, time efficiency must be taken into account to improve energy efficiency. In this work, the energy efficiency of three data-driven methods: the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy), the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and the Random-Vector Functional Link (RVFL) network were assessed by using the creation of a real-time in-cylinder pressure sensor for diesel engines as a task. The three methods were kept with equivalent performances, whereas their relative execution time was tested and classified by their statistical rankings. Additionally, the space (memory) efficiency of the methods was assessed. The contribution of this work is to provide a guide to choose the best data-driven method to be used in an embedded system in terms of efficiency.

关键词： Support vector machines Ranking (statistics) Radio frequency Embedded systems Neurons Energy efficiency Real-time systems

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Use of corncob and pineapple peel as associated substrates for biosurfactant production

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第47期31卷 57973-57988页

作者： Santos, Brenda Lohanny Passos Vieira, Isabela Maria Monteiro Santos, Pablo Omar Lubarino Menezes, Millena Souza de Souza, Roberto Rodrigues Ruzene, Denise Santos Silva, Daniel Pereira Northeastern Biotechnology Network Federal University of Sergipe SE São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil Center for Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Sergipe SE São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Biotechnology Federal University of Sergipe SE São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil Graduate Program in Intellectual Property Science Federal University of Sergipe SE São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil CISAS – Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo Viana Do Castelo4900-347 Portugal Department of Production Engineering Federal University of Sergipe Rodovia Marechal Rondon S/N Jardim Rosa Elze Sergipe São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic biomolecules with promising tensoative and emulsifying properties that find application in the most varied industrial sectors: environment, food, agriculture, petroleum, cosmetics, and hygiene. In the current work, a 23 full-factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect and interactions of pineapple peel and corncob as substrates for biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis LMA-ICF-PC 001. In a previous stage, an alkaline pretreatment was applied to corncob samples to extract the xylose-rich hydrolysate. The results indicated that pineapple peel extract and xylose-rich hydrolysate acted as partial glucose substitutes, minimizing production costs with exogenous substrates. Biosurfactant I (obtained at 8.11% pineapple peel extract, 8.11% xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob, and 2.8109 g/L glucose) exhibited a significant surface tension reduction (52.37%) and a promising bioremediation potential (87.36%). On the other hand, biosurfactant III (obtained at 8.11% pineapple peel extract, 31.89% xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob, and 2.8109 g/L glucose) exhibited the maximum emulsification index in engine oil (69.60%), the lowest critical micellar concentration (68 mg/L), and the highest biosurfactant production (5.59 g/L). These findings demonstrated that using pineapple peel extract and xylose-rich hydrolysate from corncob effectively supports biosurfactant synthesis by B. subtilis, reinforcing how agro-industrial wastes can substitute traditional carbon sources, contributing to cost reduction and environmental sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Ananas comosus Bacillus subtilis Zea mays Agro-industrial waste Bioremediation potential Emulsification index Surface tension

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Transfemoral Prosthetic Knee Mechanism with Flexion Restriction Before Stance Phase for Safe Running

Transfemoral Prosthetic Knee Mechanism with Flexion Restrict...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： Mai Murabayashi Koh Inoue Hidenori Ishihara Graduate School of Engineering Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan Are of Mechanical Systems Engineering Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Takamatsu Japan

ISBN: (数字)9784907764838

ISBN: (纸本)9798331544461

Existing prosthetic knees used by transfemoral amputees for running lack the functionality to prevent knee buckling, which poses a significant barrier to participating in sports and exercise owing to the risk of falls. In our previous study, a passive prosthetic knee that restricts flexion in response to the load on the prosthetic leg during the stance phase was developed. However, the mechanism depended on specific conditions of the load and was unable to fully prevent knee buckling. In the present study, we focused on the duration of the swing phase, which is generally constant regardless of running speed. The function of the proposed prosthetic knee allows flexion only during the first half of the swing phase and restricts flexion for the remaining duration. The mechanism involved the spur gear attached to the knee rotation axis, which restricts knee flexion by engaging with the rack. The rack was controlled by a spring and damper to separate from the spur gear for a certain period. To evaluate the mechanism, an able-bodied participant fitted with the simulated thigh socket and the prototype prosthetic knee ran at various speeds. The results demonstrated that the proposed mechanism restricted knee flexion before the stance phase at various speeds and prevented knee buckling. The proposed prosthetic knee is expected to promote sports participation among transfemoral amputees and lead to improvements in health.

关键词： Knee Phase measurement Gears Sockets Thigh Prototypes Shock absorbers Springs Prosthetics Sports

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Development of a Passive Mechanism for Transfemoral Prosthetic Knee to Assist Sitting-Down on/Stand-Up from a Chair

Development of a Passive Mechanism for Transfemoral Prosthet...

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SICE Annual Conference

作者： Shuji Sakoda Mai Murabayashi Takuya Mitani Koh Inoue Graduate School of Science for Creative Emergence Kagawa University Kagawa Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kagawa University Kagawa Japan Are of Mechanical Systems Engineering Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan Department of Life Science and Biotechnology Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Takamatsu Japan

ISBN: (数字)9784907764838

ISBN: (纸本)9798331544461

Sitting down and standing up from a chair are essential daily activities. However, existing prosthetic knees often lack sufficient functionality to perform these motions, particularly when standing up. Consequently, unilateral transfemoral prosthetic users must rely more on their sound limb for these motions, which can potentially lead to injury or joint disease due to the increased load on the joints of the intact side. The present study aimed to develop a prosthetic knee mechanism that assists in sitting down and standing up from a chair. We proposed a new passive mechanism integrated into our previous prosthetic knee design. This mechanism stores mechanical energy in a spring during knee flexion when sitting down, providing flexion resistance. The stored energy is then released by the user's manipulation, assisting in knee extension. In the evaluation experiment, a subject equipped with a simulated thigh socket and the proposed prosthetic knee performed the motions of sitting down and standing up from a chair. The results demonstrated a higher symmetry index of the ground reaction force during these motions with the proposed mechanism compared to the literature, suggesting that the mechanism functioned appropriately. The proposed mechanism can be applied to other prosthetic knees, potentially allowing transfemoral amputees to gain the functionality for standing up without needing to replace their current prosthetic knee.

关键词： Resistance Limbs Sockets Force Thigh Iron mechanical energy Springs Injuries Prosthetics

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Gait proficiency index in children aged 3.5 to 9.5 years old

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2021年第2期37卷 429-437页

作者： das Neves, Ana Maria Bender Seidenfuss de Souza, Leandro Daniel Aires, Andréia Gomes Souza, Thalita Borges Giacomazzi, Leandro Peserico Dachi, Édison Pereira Baptista, Rafael Reimann School of Technology Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Health and Life Sciences Undergraduate Program in Physical Education PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology Undergraduate Program in Electrical Engineering PUCRS Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology Associate Degree Program in Industrial Automation and Embedded Systems SENAI Porto Alegre Brazil School of Technology and School of Health and Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Av. Ipiranga 6681 Partenon Porto Alegre90619-900 Brazil

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to present a novel approach for gait assessment called gait proficiency index (GPI) using only ground reaction forces (GRF)-derived parameters. Material and methods: Barefoot gait from 51 healthy children was evaluated with the GPI in this study. The participants walked at their self-selected speed along a 6-m walkway with 8 force platforms placed in pairs. The force-time analysis resulted in a dynamic symmetry assessment (DSA) that is the result of vertical GRF component distribution for all gait cycles both the left and right foot. DSA and impulse calculation from GRF led to the calculation of the GPI, which is the relationship between the impulse of load response and mid-stance and impulse of terminal stance and pre-swing of both right and left feet multiplied by the DSA index. The children were divided into three groups with 17 participants each and classified according to age (mean age ± standard deviation): G1 (4.39 ± 0.511), G2 (6.33 ± 0.639), G3 (8.49 ± 0.636). Results: The results show that as children mature, the GPI seems to increase from G1 to G2 and decreases from G2 to G3 and that both the standard deviations and coefficient of variation decrease with the increase of age. Conclusions: This can be an indicative that the index can assess improvements in gait quality through age. However, there was no statistical significance between the groups in this variable. Also, the correlation between either DSA and age or GPI and age found is weak to make other conclusions but that the study of adults should be included to either validate or refute the use of GPI. © 2021, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.

关键词： Biophysics

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