Krakatau is one of the volcano in Indonesia which has the destructive paroxysmal eruption. Eruption on 1883 was estimated had VEI of 6. The eruption was recorded as one among some most violent volcanic eruption event ...
Krakatau is one of the volcano in Indonesia which has the destructive paroxysmal eruption. Eruption on 1883 was estimated had VEI of 6. The eruption was recorded as one among some most violent volcanic eruption event in the world. Gravity method is one of the geophysical methods that could delineate the subsurface structure base on density variation. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to reconstruct the 3D subsurface structure of the Krakatau volcano especially the approximate location and dimension of the magma chamber. The subsurface model of Krakatau was done by 3D modelling using residual anomaly map. In order to develop the status of magma chamber model, the available information on the geological map of Krakatau and surrounding area was used. Besides that, some information relative to the volcano such as the information derived from earthquake wave attenuation were utilized. The result of the study shows that position its volcano magma chamber is not directly vertical or oblique under the volcano crater and it has multiple chambers which trending northwest-southeast.
Laundry services are emerging in every corner of Bali, particularly at suburban area, from cities to villages. These services help the community to ease their burden. However, the burden for the environment is increas...
Laundry services are emerging in every corner of Bali, particularly at suburban area, from cities to villages. These services help the community to ease their burden. However, the burden for the environment is increase. The wastewater from the laundries should be controlled, which should be handled natural ways. One way of reducing the dangerous chemical from the laundry wastewater can be done by Vertical-Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetland system, using volcanic rocks as substrate of plant grow and the plant as filters. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of volcanic rock and Canna plants as a filter for the laundry wastewater. The volcanic rock as substrate for the plant grows was place in layers in a drum and the laundry wastewater was flowed. The parameter of wastewater laundry, such as TDS, BOD, COD and total phosphate were measured before and after treatment. The treatment was run for 6 weeks. The result shows that this system is effective that overall can reduce the parameter measured for 53.86%.
This study aims to design the movement of the hexapod robot so that it can move straight forward, turn 90 degrees forward, and move forward 180 degrees by applying the tripod gait method to produce a maximum movement ...
This study aims to design the movement of the hexapod robot so that it can move straight forward, turn 90 degrees forward, and move forward 180 degrees by applying the tripod gait method to produce a maximum movement pattern. The robot control system uses Arduino Mega 2560 to control the motion of 18 servo motors through the I2C interface servo motor driver - PCA9685. In straight forward motion testing, an average velocity of 6 cm/s was obtained, 90 degree forward motion testing obtained an average speed of 18 degrees/s, while the 180 degree rotational forward motion test also obtained an average speed of 18 degrees/s.
The Land is a fundamental factor in production activity. Accordingly, it is closely related to economic growth—which supports the living needs of human beings. In many cases, human activities related to land use are ...
The Land is a fundamental factor in production activity. Accordingly, it is closely related to economic growth—which supports the living needs of human beings. In many cases, human activities related to land use are often uncontrollable, impacting many negative effects on the environment, both locally and globally. More broadly, these activities will lead to some changes in land cover and some other physical features such as climate. In order to understand the phenomenon of land cover changes, we approach them through modelling. To detect any changes in land cover in a region, it is necessary to identify the driving factors causing land-cover change. The relation between driving factors and response variables can be evaluated by using regression analysis techniques. In this case, land cover change is a dichotomous phenomenon, i.e., binary. Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model is one of the regression analyses which can be used to describe the nature of dichotomy. From the results of this study, the driving factors causing land-cover change in West Java were found, those are: the distances to the central business districts in some certain areas such as Bandung City, Bekasi Regency, Bekasi City, Bogor Regency, Karawang Regency, and Sukabumi Regency; the distance to the the capital of the province; the distance to the main roads; the population numbers; and some physical features of the land such as slope, curvature, and height. This predictive model had an accuracy level of 49,79%, which equals to 1.827.217,44 ha area.
This paper presents a case study of reconstructing past landslide failure models in a napal geological formation by undertaking a series of geoelectrical tomographies and geotechnical bor-SPT surveys. study area is lo...
This paper presents a case study of reconstructing past landslide failure models in a napal geological formation by undertaking a series of geoelectrical tomographies and geotechnical bor-SPT surveys. study area is located in the National Artery Road 135 Kilometres, Majene – Mamuju, West Sulawesi. Geological formation found in the area is Napal Pambauang Formation. Massive ground movement is obviously detected in the area, and several landslide events have been occured in the last 10 years. In order to derive an effective technnique of mitigating the landslide in the area, past landslide failure models are needed to reconstruct. Therefore, 2D geoelectric tomographies survey combined several geotechnical bors were undertaken. A Framework of geophysics and geotechnical investigations was developed and implemented. The results show that slope failure models can be mapped, following unique patterns in the subsurface resistivity models. The finding slope failure models are well agreement with successive scarp patterns founded in the slope area. Past and recent landslides and future landslide are derived and this can be employed to design effective landslide mitigation strategies.
In this study, solid-state fermentation was carried out to produce single cell protein by local Aspergillus niger. Rice straw pulp produced from the pretreatment by liquid hot water at temperature 121 °C for 60 m...
In this study, solid-state fermentation was carried out to produce single cell protein by local Aspergillus niger. Rice straw pulp produced from the pretreatment by liquid hot water at temperature 121 °C for 60 minutes of cooking time was used as carbon source. The effects of nitrogen sources, initial medium pH, C/N ratios of substrates and fermentation time on SCP production were evaluated in these experiments. The single cell protein was measured as crude protein content in the fermentation product by the Kjeldahl analysis method. The maximum crude protein of 18.9 % (w/w) contained in the fermentation product occurred at the fermentation condition with C/N ratio 30:1, the initial medium pH 4, temperature 30 °C, moisture content 75 % and relative humidity 95 %.
This study aimed to design a Greenhouse Remote Monitoring system and to immediately evaluate the monitoring system. The Monitoring system was designed based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller to expectedly result ...
This study aimed to design a Greenhouse Remote Monitoring system and to immediately evaluate the monitoring system. The Monitoring system was designed based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller to expectedly result an Android monitoring display as the output. This research was conducted in Greenhouse at faculty of Food and Agroindustrial Technology, University of Mataram. An experimental method using greenhouse and hydroponic system was applied to this research. The monitoring system consisted of components that functionally related to each other (NodeMCU ESP8266, Android, DHT11 (temperature and humidity sensor), BH1750 (light sensor), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) sensors, and other components that further supported by programming language. The observed parameters were the greenhouse temperature (°C); humidity (%); light intensity (lux); and the amount of TDS (ppm). The experiment indicated that the designed monitoring system successfully displayed what the sensor had read then translated it into Android. The average percentage of the Light meter reading errors using the BH1750 sensor (shown) on Android was 2.13%; the average percentage of the hygrometer reading errors using DHT11 sensor on Android was 0.14%; the average value of the thermometer reading errors as well as DHT11 sensor on Android was 0.76%; while the average TDS reading error on Android was slightly above 5% due to increasing temperature inside the greenhouse, especially in the afternoon period.
The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultr...
The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultrasonic sensors (measure the distance of rotary direction regulator for DC motors). Arduino board is preferable as the main controller due to its simplicity. Tool testing was conducted through trials on soil samples and performance tests when the tool was operating. The parameters observed were solar intensity (Lux), ambient temperature (°C), RH (%), water discharge (ml/s), DC motor axis rotation (rpm), AC and DC voltage (Volt), and soil moisture (%). The tool testing showed that the designed watering system could works properly with less than 10% MAPE. When the sensor read the soil moisture value below 70% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned on. Whereas, when the soil moisture value achieved 80% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned off. Performance test was conducted for three days of observation. The founding shows that the designed automatic watering system could successfully provide as much as 2.52 litre of water during approximately 6 minutes of watering period.
Composite resin is one of dental material restoration that used in every dental office nowadays. Dental amalgam restoration had several problems in aesthetic and biocompatibility in oral cavity. To overcome the proble...
Composite resin is one of dental material restoration that used in every dental office nowadays. Dental amalgam restoration had several problems in aesthetic and biocompatibility in oral cavity. To overcome the problem, dental composite resin which has great aesthetic, biocompatibility, physical, and mechanical properties has been developed. Composite resins are filled resin and have high compressive strength, abrasion resistance, ease of application, and high translucency. The objective of this review article is to review about dental composite resin including the composition, polymerization process, classification, and physical properties (water sorption, solubility, and polymerization shrinkage) of dental composite resin. Literature relating to dental composite resin and measurement of several physical properties, research methodologies, and contributing factors are selected and reviewed.
The purpose of this study is to know and locate the distribution of open defecation houses in East Surabaya of Surabaya City, Indonesia. Both of secondary and primary data are required for this research, the secondary...
The purpose of this study is to know and locate the distribution of open defecation houses in East Surabaya of Surabaya City, Indonesia. Both of secondary and primary data are required for this research, the secondary data consist of the number of OD houses in East Surabaya and basic map of Surabaya City. Primary data consist of field survey OD houses of legal and illegal status. Mapping is conducted with mapping software based on geographical information system. The result of this research proves that there are 1.083 OD houses in East Surabaya and it is equally distributed throughout East Surabaya. The most OD sub-district (Kelurahan) is Gubeng with approximately 319 houses while the least is Kelurahan Tambaksari with 23 houses.
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