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Desalination Process via Pervaporation of Wetland Saline Water

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期175卷

作者： Muthia Elma Hairullah Zaini Lambri Assyaifi Chemical Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM)Banjarbaru Indonesia

Water is a very important resource for life on earth. Nowadays, water scarcity is a big issue around the world. Especially people who live in wetland areas, river is an important water source for their daily life. Unfortunately, the water becomes salty due to seawater intrusion into the river. The objective of this work is to apply desalination via pervaporation process of wetland saline water using pure silica membranes employ TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) as a precursor. A two-step acid-base catalysed method has been applied to produce silica sols. The pure silica membranes were calcined under RTP (Rapid Thermal Process) method at 600°C for 1 hour. The various temperatures (20, 40 & 60 °C have been set in pervaporation set up in order to investigate the performance of silica membranes. It was found that at high temperature, silica membranes start to densify and give the lowest rejection compare to lower temperatures (84.9 %). In contrary, there was 100% of water flux increases when the feed temperature increases (from 0.61 to 1.19 kg m-2 h-1)

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Preparation of Nanocellulose-Alginate Nanocomposites for Chlorhexidine Digluconate Drug Carrier

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期547卷

作者： Angela Evelyna Tiara Khumaira Astifanni Imelda Ruth Lia Asri Bambang Sunendar Purwasasmita Faculty of Dentistry Maranatha Christian University Indonesia Materials Science and Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia Advanced Materials Processing Group Engineering Physics Study Program Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia.

Root canal treatment failures generally caused by microorganisms that have ability to invade dentinal tubules. Chlorhexidine is widely known to effectively eradicate broad spectrum bacteria that infected dentinal tubules. The delivery of chlorhexidine to the infected site of root canal still becomes an issue. In order to increase the stability and to regulate the release of chlorhexidine, encapsulation of chlorhexidine digluconate was conducted by employing nanocellulose and alginate nanocomposites. Nanocellulose was prepared from palm kernel cake using acid hydrolysis method. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the formation of whisker and fiber nanocellulose with the average diameter of 20 nm. Resulting nanocellulose was combined with alginate in the presence of Ca2+ crosslinker. Scanning electron microscopy images displayed sphere and oval morphologies of microcapsules with diameter of 500 nm. The microcapsules were further loaded with chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (w/v). In vitro drug release properties were evaluated in PBS at pH 7.4 (normal tooth environment) and at pH 5.5 (infected tooth environment). The UV-VIS results showed that chlorhexidine digluconate has higher release rate at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4, suggesting that the microcapsule is a good candidate for the delivery of chlorhexidine digluconate to the infected root canal tooth environment.

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Silica Membranes for Wetland Saline Water Desalination: Performance and Long Term Stability

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期175卷

作者： Muthia Elma Nur Riskawati Marhamah Chemical Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM) Banjarbaru Indonesia

In this study, silica thin film pH=6 (precursor TEOS:tetraethyl ortosilicate) developed from sol gel process and deposited (2 layers) directly onto alumina substrate(tubular support with 100 nm pore size) without depositing interlayer (interlayer-free).Then, the desalination process via pervaporation was applied to test the membranesperformanceusing artificial saline water and wetland saline water. Results show the decrease of water flux (1.9 to 1.43 kg m-2 h-1) and salt rejection(97 to 95%) when using artificial salty water (0-7.5 wt%) and the long-term stability of silica membrane was stable at 1.7 kg m-2 h-1 for over 100 hours when using wetland saline water as a feed.

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Limits on Simultaneous and Delayed Optical Emission from Well-localized Fast Radio Bursts

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hiramatsu, Daichi Berger, Edo Metzger, Brian D. Gomez, Sebastian Bieryla, Allyson Arcavi, Iair Howell, D. Andrew McKinven, Ryan Tominaga, Nozomu Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138-1516 United States The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions United States Department of Physics Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 538 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr BaltimoreMD21218 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR 661 University Ave. TorontoONM5G 1M1 Canada Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada McGill Space Institute McGill University 3550 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2A7 Canada National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Konan University 8-9-1 Okamoto Hyogo Kobe658-8501 Japan The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan

We present the largest compilation to date of optical observations during and following fast radio bursts (FRBs). The data set includes our dedicated simultaneous and follow-up observations, as well as serendipitous archival survey observations, for a sample of 15 well-localized FRBs: eight repeating and seven one-off sources. Our simultaneous (and nearly simultaneous with a 0.4 s delay) optical observations of 13 (1) bursts from the repeating FRB 20220912A provide the deepest such limits to date for any extragalactic FRB, reaching a luminosity limit of νLν 1042 erg s−1 ( 2 ×1041 erg s−1) with 15–400 s exposures;an optical-flux-to-radio-fluence ratio of fopt/Fradio 10−7 ms−1 ( 10−8 ms−1);and flux ratio of fopt/fradio 0.02– 2 × 10−5 ( 10−6) on millisecond to second timescales. These simultaneous limits provide useful constraints in the context of FRB emission models, such as the pulsar magnetosphere and pulsar nebula models. Interpreting all available optical limits in the context of the synchrotron maser model, we find that they constrain the flare energies to 1043–1049 erg (depending on the distances of the various repeating FRBs, with 1039 erg for the Galactic SGR 1935+2154). These limits are generally at least an order of magnitude larger than those inferred from the FRBs themselves, although in the case of FRB 20220912A our simultaneous and rapid followup observations severely restrict the model parameter space. We conclude by exploring the potential of future simultaneous and rapid-response observations with large optical telescopes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Pulsars

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Digital is the New Blood: Enabling the Present and the Future

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S21期19卷

作者： Rhoda Au Zachary T Popp Spencer Low Phillip H Hwang Ileana De Anda-Duran Stephanie Li Salman Rahman Huitong Ding Akwaugo Igwe Cody Karjadi Ting Fang Alvin Ang Sherral A. Devine Ashita S Gurnani Jesse B. Mez Lindsay A. Farrer Preeti Sunderaraman Honghuang Lin Vijaya B. Kolachalama Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Philadelphia PA USA Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University School of Public Heatlh Boston MA USA Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA Slone Epidemiology Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framigham Heart Study - Boston University Framingham MA USA Boston University Bioinformatics Program Boston MA USA Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Neurology Ophthalmology Biostatistics and Epidemiology Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Neurology - Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA Framingham Heart Study/Boston University BOSTON MA USA Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science & Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA College of Arts & Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA

Background Digital is the new blood, where collection, use, and storage of raw digital data streams enabled by technology-embedded sensors are replacing analog methods. Analyses of digital data extend beyond current applications, analogous to previously stored blood currently be used for omics/biomarker research. Today digital technologies are used to measure Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related clinical symptoms (e.g., cognition, function, and behavior), but future possibilities remain to be determined. Importantly, digital data collection can go beyond current intermittent sampling by employing internet-connected applications and devices that allow real-time monitoring and accurate detection of changes, even within a widely heterogeneous spectrum. Method Beginning in 2005, the Framingham Heart study (FHS) began digitally recording participants’ spoken responses to neuropsychological (NP) test questions, and in 2011 extended to a digital pen to record written responses. The emergence of wearable devices and smartphone applications has led to an expanded use of digital technologies beyond recordings during NP assessments. The Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (BU ADRC) leverages digital sensors in multiple internet-connected devices that longitudinally collect digital data, in both in-person and remote settings. Result The first publication involving FHS digital data was in 2016; the remaining (n> 17) have been from 2020-current. Digital data measuring cognition, function and behavior are being collected through the BU ADRC, where results to date indicate nearly 100% and 75% uptake of active and passive engagement applications, respectively, and 95% uptake for wearable devices (n = 60). Longitudinal assessments include > 3 months for ∼50 participants; > 1 year for n∼21 participants. Conclusion Opportunities for improved trial outcome measurement are evident in the broad range of outcomes digital sensors capture beyond traditional research methodologi

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Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes

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Chemosphere 2021年 275卷 130092页

作者： Selvakumar Dharmaraj Veeramuthu Ashokkumar Rajesh Pandiyan Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh Kit Wayne Chew Wei-Hsin Chen Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai (Deemed to be University) Chennai 603112 Tamil Nadu India. Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC) Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. Electronic address: rvashok2008@***. Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (formerly Karpagam University) Pollachi Main Road Eachanari Post Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India. Chemistry Study Program Department of Chemistry Education Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Jalan Sunsuria Bandar Sunsuria 43900 Sepang Selangor Malaysia College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 Fujian China. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan. Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC) Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT) Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand. Electronic address: Chawalit.Ng@chula.ac.th.

COVID-19 has led to the enormous rise of medical wastes throughout the world, and these have mainly been generated from hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare establishments. This creates an additional challenge in medical waste management, particularly in developing countries. Improper managing of medical waste may have serious public health issues and a significant impact on the environment. There are currently three disinfection technologies, namely incineration, chemical and physical processes, that are available to treat COVID-19 medical waste (CMW). This study focuses on thermochemical process, particularly pyrolysis process to treat the medical waste. Pyrolysis is a process that utilizes the thermal instability of organic components in medical waste to convert them into valuable products. Besides, the technique is environmentally friendly, more efficient and cost-effective, requires less landfill capacity, and causes lower pollution. The current pandemic situation generates a large amount of plastic medical wastes, which mainly consists of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and nylon. These plastic wastes can be converted into valuable energy products like oil, gas and char through pyrolysis process. This review provides detailed information about CMW handling, treatment, valuable product generation, and proper discharge into the open environment.

关键词： COVID-19 medical waste Disinfection techniques Energy conversion Medical waste management Pyrolysis

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The effect of pyrogallol antioxidant addition and storage temperature to the change of biodiesel quality during storage period

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期105卷

作者： B H Susanto Lukman H Sutanto M Nasikin Bioprosess Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok West Java Indonesia

Biodiesel is an alkyl ester compound of fatty acids prepared from a source of naturally renewable triglycerides and used as diesel engine fuel, commonly made through the process of esterification or transesterification. In its application and storage, biodiesel is potentially damaged by oxidation reaction due to internal factors (high unsaturated fatty acid content) and external factors (air, heat or light) resulting in changes of the characteristics and quality of biodiesel. In order to maintain the characteristics and quality of biodiesel to conform to established standards, it is necessary to add antioxidants that can inhibit oxidation reaction in biodiesel. In this study, pyrogallol antioxidant is added to the biodiesel of palm oil with various concentrations and storage temperatures. The observed biodiesel parameters during the storage period are those that can represent oxidation such as changes in kinematic viscosity, density, acid value, and iodine value. The results showed that the addition of pyogallol antioxidant can inhibit the oxidation reaction in biodiesel. The use of antioxidant with a concentration of 0.1% at storage temperatures of 30°C and 60°C is known to retain the characteristics and quality of biodiesel during storage from damage caused by oxidation reaction.

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Monitoring electrical energy in electronic energy audits through internet of things technology

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第7期1402卷

作者： Sulistyanto, M P T Pranata, K B Afandi, A N Sendari, S Sulistiyowati, I Informatics Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang Jl. S. Supriadi No. 48 Malang Jawa Timur Indonesia Physics Education Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang Jl. S. Supriadi No. 48 Malang Jawa Timur Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Malang Teknik Elektro Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Jl. Raya Gelam 250 Candi Sidoarjo Jawa Timur Indonesia

Energy conservation, especially electricity, can be done by conducting an energy audit. Energy audit activities can analyse and find energy-saving opportunities from energy use. This study developed a prototype of a wireless electrical energy monitoring system on a laboratory scale to monitor the use of electrical energy from both electrical equipment using a microcontroller as a sensor node. These nodes have installed several sensors, namely the current sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor and light sensor. The protocol used in communication between nodes and servers is the HTTP protocol in the Internet of Things design that can communicate using internet network intermediaries. Data on the server can be monitored in real time using the application on the client side.

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Improving Customer's Willingness to Buy: Choosing the Right Salesperson Activities

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1175卷

作者： Happy Fanni Silaban Samuel Hasudungan Sri Lestari Yusnita Nadapdap Frederik Situmeang Ricardo Situmeang Engineering Management Study Program Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Del Laguboti 22381 North Sumatera Indonesia Centre for Market Insights Faculty of Business and Economics Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Postbus 1025 1000BA Amsterdam The Netherlands

This study investigated the effect of choices made by salesperson in delivering information to the customer candidate. The delivered information may affect the decision made by the customer candidate. To deliver the information and the new knowledge, communication must be done along with interaction, which can be measured how interactive it is, interactivity. So, the salesperson is critical in the making of and in increasing the Willingness-To-Buy. In the other hand, some people just do not want to be disturbed. It may happen due to their personality, business, or annoying feeling. Right here, salesperson should try to increase the Willingness-To-Buy. It will create dilemma because those customer candidates who do not want to be disturbed, will not get any additional knowledge about the product. Moreover, this study also suggests that there is a chance for a salesperson does not need to explain but the product speak for itself to improve Willingness-To-Buy.

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Exposure to Soil and Paddy Plant around the Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: Case study at Gunung Tugel Landfill, Banyumas-Central Java

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期299卷

作者： Kasam Suphia Rahmawati Fajri Mulya Iresha Dhandhun Wacano Ida Farida Fauziah Muhammad Afif Amrullah Environmental Engineering Study Program Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Indonesia

This work was focused on assessing the exposure of heavy metal from closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill on soil and paddy plants. This study aimed to determine heavy metal content whether at the soil in the around Gunung Tugel landfill included and accumulated in the paddy plant tissues. The investigated metals include chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). The samples were acid-digested before the desired elements were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results are presented as distribution map of the landfill area based on the total heavy metals content distribution in the soil and paddy plants. The samples shown that the concentrations of heavy metals around Gunung Tugel landfill are 6.27-34.71 mg/kg, 0.17-0.42 mg/kg, 28.29-48.69 mg/kg, 18,997.26-32,572.29 mg/kg, 342.74-834.49 mg/kg, 136.10-290.14 mg/kg at the top soil and 0.00-1.70 mg/kg, 0.00-0.26 mg/kg, 0.79-10.46 mg/kg, 13.88-61.46 mg/kg, 18.79-50.56 mg/kg, 87.27-273.22 mg/kg at the paddy for Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn respectively. According to the results, The Gunung Tugel landfill is not a direct source of heavy metal pollution at paddy plant in the landfill area, but through surface water and soil media. Rainfall around landfill is quite high ie more 2000 mm/year of rainfall and soil permeability is 1.0 cm/sec.

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