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Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products potential formation and removal technologies from the water treatment process: A review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3026卷

作者： Tazkiaturrizki Tazkiaturrizki Sandyanto Adityosulindro Djoko Mulyo Hartono Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia Environmental Engineering Department Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Environmental Engineering Universitas Trisakti Jakarta Indonesia

Not only at the water treatment process, disinfection is required for the inactivation of pathogen microorganisms in wastewater treatment before it is released to the waterbodies or for recycling purposes. During the disinfection process by chlorination, it found the formation of harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). DBPs formed because of the reaction of inorganic and organic matter as precursors with chlorine/chloramine. The aim of this research is to analyze the potential formation of Carbonaceous Disinfection By-products (C-DBPs) as the most DBPs in the water and Nitrogenous Disinfection By-products (N-DBPs) as the most DBPs of the wastewater. Most DBPs have precursors from natural organic matter (NOM) and the effluent of sewage treatment contributes to increasing the DBPs precursor. The review method start with identifying DBPs precursor, potential formation of DBPs, factor affecting the formation DBPs, and finding the advanced technologies that are appropriate to remove DBPs and their precursors. It found that trihalomethanes (THMs) is the most widely found in water treatment such as chloroform, bromodichloromethane, and bromoform. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is one of N-DBPs that most presence in polluted water and also haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloacetamides (HAcAms), Nitrosoamine (NAs), cyanogen halides (CNX), halonitromethanes (HNMs), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA). The result shows that disinfection plays a role of formation DBPs in water and wastewater treatment. DBPs have potential health risks for the human body because they are genotoxic and carcinogenic. Physicochemical treatment can remove the precursor of DBPs and advanced treatment enhances the removal of DBPs.

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Optimization of biomass-fueled vertical corn drying: Efficiency, energy balance, and sustainability

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Results in engineering 2025年 26卷

作者： Sukmawaty, Sukmawaty Syahrul, Syahrul Amuddin, Amuddin Rahmi, Sri Helmayana Syahrul, Ahmad Ibrahim Agricultural Engineering Study Program Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry University of Mataram Mataram83125 Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty University of Mataram Mataram83125 Indonesia

This study investigates the thermal performance and energy efficiency of a biomass-fueled vertical dryer utilizing candlenut shell biomass for corn drying. The objective is to evaluate drying behavior under continuous and discontinuous operation modes at different temperature settings. A custom-built dryer was developed and tested at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C, and energy input, drying time, and efficiency were recorded. Statistical analyses, including paired t-tests, were conducted to examine the significance of operational differences. Results show that continuous drying at 50 °C and 55 °C significantly improves drying efficiency, reaching above 66 %, and reduces drying time compared to discontinuous modes. Candlenut shells performed well as a renewable fuel, offering stable combustion and minimal ash production, outperforming traditional fuels such as rice husks and corn cobs in similar drying conditions. Energy analyses indicated balanced energy use, while future work should address post-drying quality characteristics and automation. These findings suggest that candlenut shells are a viable, sustainable alternative for efficient post-harvest thermal processing, particularly in rural agro-industrial settings. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Energy utilization

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Improved Chest X-Ray Image Quality Using Median and Gaussian Filter Methods

Improved Chest X-Ray Image Quality Using Median and Gaussian...

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International Conference on informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS)

作者： Lucky Indra Kesuma Ermatita Ermatita Erwin Erwin Purwita Sari Rudhy Ho Purabaya Doctoral Program in Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang Indonesia Universitas Sjakhyakirti Information System Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang Indonesia Departement of Computer System Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang Indonesia Informatic Management Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang Indonesia Information System Faculty of Computer Science Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665473286

The lungs are one of the organs of the body that are responsible for the human respiratory process and are very susceptible to dangerous diseases. For this reason, early detection and diagnosis of lung organs is needed, one of which is through examination of Chest X-Ray (CXR) images. Examination of the results of CXR images is still done manually by doctors and radiologists, this requires time and high accuracy. To facilitate the examination, it is necessary to image quality enhancement in order to get better image quality results so as to produce an accurate diagnosis. The initial stage in this research is to apply the contour improvement technique to the image using Morphology Opening, and followed by noise reduction using Median Filter and Gaussian filter. The results of the two methods of noise reduction are compared with the results of image quality in order to find out the best method that can be applied. The implementation of image quality enhancement results was measured quantitatively using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Structural Similarity Index Metrics (SSIM). In the Morphology Opening and Median Filter methods, the values obtained are 39.187, 22.252, and 0.952, respectively. Meanwhile, the Morphology Opening and Gaussian Filter methods obtained values of 38.717, 23.917 and 0.956. Based on these results, it can be concluded that both methods are able to improve image quality well.

关键词： Image quality PSNR Multimedia systems Noise reduction Morphology Lung Medical services

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History Woyla Arc of the Garba Complex: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the South Sumatra Region, Indonesia

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第12期9卷 118-132页

作者： Idarwati Heru Sigit Purwanto Edy Sutriyono Carolus Prasetyadi Stevanus Nalendra Jati Geology Study Program Faculty of Engineering University of Sriwijaya Indralaya Indonesia Department of Geology Faculty of Mineral Technology University of Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta Indonesia

Studies on outcrop-scale structures have been conducted at the Garba complex. This study aims to add the high-resolution of the South Sumatra region to reconstruct the structural geology and implications of tectonics for the region. The study area is commonly referred to as crystalline basement highs forming the southwestern boundary of the Paleogene South Sumatra basin. The structures commonly show the NW-SE, NNW-SSE, and ENE-WSW trends. The methodology used includes field mapping, analysis of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), petrography, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The major fractures include wrench slip, reverse, and normal faults, while the observable microstructures comprise pull-apart calcite veins, shear joints, boudins, parasitic folds, and the augens. The earlier structuring episode was probably related to crustal extension, perhaps associated with the Paleogene rifting that occurred along the western margin of Sundaland. In the Late Neogene, tectonic compression took place in the entire region, allowing inversion of the Pre-Tertiary sequence. As compression waned in the Pleistocene, extension commenced, and a number of the ENE-WSW tensional block faulting developed and intersected the older NNW-SSE alignments. It is important to note that the latest tectonic event in conjunction with deep erosional denudation had likely exhumed the terrain and eventually shaped the present-day fractured and rough landforms in the study area.

关键词： Basement High Crystalline Sequence Structure Tectonics

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Occurence of Microplastics in Water, Sediment and Milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Citarum River Downstream (Case study: Muara Gembong) 6

Occurence of Microplastics in Water, Sediment and Milkfish (...

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6th Environmental Technology and Management Conference, ETMC 2019

作者： Agustian Fareza, Achmad Sembiring, Emenda Environmental Engineering Study Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung40135 Indonesia

Microplastics in aquatic environment can possibly enter into the aquatic organism, so this study aims to identify the microplastic concentrations in water, sediment, and milkfish. The samples are taken in downstream Citarum river at Muara Gembong. Water samples were taken using a manta trawl pulled by a boat while sediment and milkfish samples were taken using the grab sampling method. Organic removal and cleaning was conducted by using the Fenton Oxidation method which use Fe and H2O2. The average of microplastic concentrations in river water, seawater ponds, mixed water, and seawater consecutively are 0.0574 ± 0.025 particles/m3, 3.000 ± 2.645 particles/L, 0.666 ± 0.577 particles/L and 1.333 ± 1.155 particles/L. The average of microplastic concentrations in sediment sea water pond, sediment mixed water pond and sea sediment samples consecutively are 3.666 ± 0.577 particles/20g, 2.667 ± 1.527 particles/20g, 2.333 ± 0.577 particles/20g and 0.667 ± 1.154 particle/20g. The average of microplastic concentrations in the gut and gills of milkfish in sea ponds and mixed ponds consecutively are 2.333 ± 2.266 particles/fish and 2.222 ± 3.768 particles/fish. The average of microplastic concentrations in milkfish tissues in the sea and mixed water ponds are 1.333 ± 1.000 particles/fish and 1.111 ± 1.167 particles/fish. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

关键词： Lakes

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Investigating the influence of methanol:chloroform:water solvent ratios on the extraction process of tocotrienols from rice bran oil

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Kanya Ardelia Fathina Rita Arbianti Tania Surya Utami Bioprocess Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI – Depok West Java Indonesia 16436

Tocotrienols, belonging to the vitamin E family, exhibit neuroprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering attributes. A significant reservoir of tocotrienols is found within rice bran. Notably, rice bran oil stands as one of the most abundant vegetable oils in terms of tocotrienol content. This study aims to amplify tocotrienol levels in rice bran oil by fermenting rice bran with the fungus Aspergillus terreus, and by modulating the solvent ratio of methanol:chloroform:water during the extraction process. The research involves a comprehensive approach that encompasses solid-state fermentation of rice bran, succeeded by rice bran oil extraction utilizing the Bligh-Dyer method. This extracted oil is subsequently analyzed using UV spectrophotometry and GC/MS to ascertain tocotrienol levels within the rice bran oil. Findings from the study highlight an optimum solvent ratio of methanol:chloroform:water at 1:1.5:0.9 (v/v/v). Through this optimal configuration, the tocotrienol concentration escalates from 2541.44 ppm to 3642.79 ppm. Furthermore, the introduction of fermentation leads to a rise in tocotrienol levels within the extracted rice bran oil, ascending from 2541.44 ppm to 3257.66 ppm. The resultant rice bran oil extract also presents an array of antioxidant compounds, including n-hexadecanoic acid, benzoic acid, and chlorogenic acid. This collective insight underscores the potential for enhancing tocotrienol levels in rice bran oil through controlled fermentation and strategic solvent ratio adjustments, thereby enriching its potential health benefits.

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Renewable Energy Potential of Rice Straw and Paunch Manure as Bioethanol Feedstocks in Central Java, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chanifah Arianti, Forita Dyah Triastono, Joko Pertiwi, Miranti Dian Prabowo, Agung Prasetyo, Teguh Haryanto, Bambang Megawati Astuti, Widi Djarot, Ira Nurhayati Santoso, Arif Dwi Widjayanti, Sri Peni Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency Banten15314 Indonesia Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics National Research and Innovation Agency Jakarta12710 Indonesia Chemical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering E1 Building 2nd floor Semarang Negeri Semarang Semarang50229 Indonesia

Almost all farmers are unaware that rice straw and paunch manure are potential feedstocks for bioethanol besides organic fertilizer, biochar, and biogas. Farmers' perceptions regarding the multiattributes of bioethanol development are still underestimated, indicating that farmers are still indecisive about the potential use of rice straw and paunch manure as feedstock for bioethanol. They still need extension and training to improve their knowledge. The Location Quotient (LQ) value of rice straw and cow paunch manure is > 1, indicating that Karanganyar Regency could become a base for bioethanol development from rice straw and cow paunch manure © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Manures

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Image Processing Implementation to Classify Coffee Fruit Ripeness Using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithm

Image Processing Implementation to Classify Coffee Fruit Rip...

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International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech)

作者： M. Farhan Hussaini Dermawan Deden Witarsyah Dedy Syamsuar Hanif Fakhrurroja Ahmad Luthfi Muhammad Izman Herdiansyah Faculty of Industrial Engineering Telkom University Bandung Indonesia Information Systems Department School of Information Systems Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Department of Informatics Faculty of Industrial Technology Islamic University of Indonesia Jogjakarta Indonesia Informatics Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Bina Darma Palembang Indonesia

Coffee is one of the plantation crops that has long been a cultivated plant in Indonesia. The classification of coffee fruit maturity manually still has several weaknesses and requires a long process, has low accuracy and is inconsistent, this is because the determination is made subjectively by coffee farmers. As for the classification of coffee fruit maturity levels automatically, it can be faster with objective determination, therefore the use of image processing is relatively easier, faster, and based on a quantified descriptive assessment to determine coffee maturity. Image Processing is a method used to process or manipulate images in 2-dimensional form. In the classification process, there are many methods used to obtain classification of objects based on training data. One of the algorithms used for the classification process is K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). KNN is a classification technique for objects based on training data that is the closest or has similar characteristics to the object. KNN includes supervised learning algorithms, where the results of the new query instance are classified based on the majority of the categories in K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN). The finding indicated that class classification of ripe and unripe were 88,24 % and 100% respectively with 93,33% accuracy level.

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Optimization of ultrasonic extraction parameters for enhanced total flavonoid content from Jengkol peel

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Amanda Emilia Rafifah Hasna Rita Arbianti Tania Surya Utami Bioprocess Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia Kampus UI – Depok West Java Indonesia 16436

Jengkol, a commonly consumed food ingredient, is frequently utilized without its outer layer. However, the outer peel of the jengkol fruit harbors a multitude of secondary metabolites that hold potential as bioinsecticides. Among these compounds, flavonoids stand out as toxic to insects. The quantification of flavonoid content within jengkol peel extracts is denoted as TFC (Total Flavonoid Content). Employing ultrasonic wave extraction, the conversion of jengkol peel into bioinsecticides can be facilitated. This research employs ultrasonic wave extraction, utilizing an ethanol solvent, with a frequency of 53 kHz and a temperature of 40℃. Through systematic variation of sonication duration and solvent concentration, this investigation scrutinizes the impact of these variables on TFC values and extracts yields. The assessment of TFC is conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and referencing a quercetin standard solution. Optimal TFC output, specifically 1.643±0.026 mg QE/g of dried jengkol peel extract, is achieved at a 60-minute extraction period using 70% ethanol solvent. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) analysis identifies various compounds with bioinsecticidal potential, including phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids, phytoalexins, and coumarins, exhibiting the highest TFC levels. Employing ANOVA analysis followed by a post hoc LSD (Least Significance Different) test, it is evident with 95% confidence that both extraction time and solvent concentration significantly influence flavonoid content within jengkol peel extracts.

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Hypocenter dimension of 7.5 mw Palu earthquake using fractal approach 2

Hypocenter dimension of 7.5 mw Palu earthquake using fractal...

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2nd International Conference of Interdisciplinary Research on Green Environmental Approach for Sustainable Development, ICROEST 2020

作者： Rasimeng, Syamsurijal Alimuddin Rustadi Sinambela, Rudy Z. Mandang, Idris Bakri, Samsul Zaenudin, Ahmad Department of Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Lampung Indonesia Disaster and Mitigation Center Faculty of Engineering University of Lampung Indonesia Study Program of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Mulawarman University Indonesia Department of Forestry Graduate Program of Environmental Sciences University of Lampung Indonesia

Research on the Palu earthquake in the period of August to October 2018 has been carried out in the Palu Koro Fault (PKF) zone with a hypocenter of 5-20 km. This study aims to determine the fractal dimensions of these earthquakes based on the relationship between logarithmic frequency and earthquake magnitude correlation introduced by Gutenberg-Richter. Statistical correlation between logarithmic frequency and earthquake magnitude was calculated using the inversion approach. Based on the calculation results obtained fractal dimension value of 1.0378, which describes the seismicity pattern at a depth of 5-20 km. It indicates that the earthquakes triggered by the movement in rupture segments which seen as points along the PKF zone. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Earthquakes

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