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Vehicle Detection in Challenging Scenes Using CenterNet Based Approach

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3647-3661页

作者： Ayesha Muhammad Javed Iqbal Iftikhar Ahmad Madini OAlassafi Ahmed SAlfakeeh Ahmed Alhomoud Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Taxila47050Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border UniversityRafhaSaudi Arabia

Contemporarily numerous analysts labored in the field of Vehicle detection which improves Intelligent Transport System(ITS)and reduces road *** major obstacles in automatic detection of tiny vehicles are due to occlusion,environmental conditions,illumination,view angles and variation in size of *** research centers on tiny and partially occluded vehicle detection and identification in challenging scene specifically in crowed *** this paper we present comprehensive methodology of tiny vehicle detection using Deep Neural Networks(DNN)namely *** DNN disregards objects that are small in size 5 pixels and more false positives likely to happen in crowded *** there are two categories of deep learning models single-step and two-step.A single forward pass model is the one in which detection is performed directly to possible location over dense sampling,wherein two-step models incorporated by Region proposals followed by object *** in this research scrutinize one-step State of the art(SOTA)model CenteNet as proposed recently with three different feature extractor ResNet-50,HourGlass-104 and ResNet-101 one by *** train our model on challenging KITTI dataset which outperforms in comparison with SOTA single-step technique MSSD300∗which depicts performance improvement by 20.2%mAPandSMOKEby with 13.2%mAP *** of CenterNet can be justified through the huge improved *** performance of our model is evaluated on KITTI(Karlsruhe Institute of technology and Toyota Technological Institute)benchmark dataset with different backbones such as ResNet-50 gives 62.3%mAP ResNet-10182.5%mAP,last but not the least HourGlass-104 outperforms with 98.2%mAP CenterNet-HourGlass-104 achieved high mAP among above mentioned feature *** also compare our model with other SOTA techniques.

关键词： CenteNet SOTA object detection deep learning MSSD SMOKE DNN KITTI

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Multi-strategy Hybrid Coati Optimizer:A Case Study of Prediction of Average Daily Electricity Consumption in China

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第5期21卷 2540-2568页

作者： Gang Hu Sa Wang Essam H.Houssein Department of Applied Mathematics Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710054China School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710048China Faculty of Computers and Information Minia UniversityMinia61519Egypt

The power sector is an important factor in ensuring the development of the national *** simulation and prediction of power consumption help achieve the balance between power generation and power *** this paper,a Multi-strategy Hybrid Coati Optimizer(MCOA)is used to optimize the parameters of the three-parameter combinatorial optimization model TDGM(1,1,r,ξ,Csz)to realize the simulation and prediction of China's daily electricity ***,a novel MCOA is proposed in this paper,by making the following improvements to the Coati Optimization Algorithm(COA):(ⅰ)Introduce improved circle chaotic mapping strategy.(ⅱ)Fusing Aquila Optimizer,to enhance MCOA's exploration capabilities.(ⅲ)Adopt an adaptive optimal neighborhood jitter learning *** improve MCOA escape from local optimal solutions.(ⅳ)Incorporating Differential Evolution to enhance the diversity of the ***,the superiority of the MCOA algorithm is verified by comparing it with the newly proposed algorithm,the improved optimiza-tion algorithm,and the hybrid algorithm on the CEC2019 and CEC2020 test ***,in this paper,MCOA is used to optimize the parameters of TDGM(1,1,r,ξ,Csz),and this model is applied to forecast the daily electricity consumption in China and compared with the predictions of 14 models,including seven intelligent algorithm-optimized TDGM(1,1,r,ξ,Csz),and seven forecasting *** experimental results show that the error of the proposed method is minimized,which verifies the validity of the proposed method.

关键词： Forecast of average daily electricity consumption in China Coati optimization algorithm Three-parameter combination optimization model Circle chaotic mapping

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The Correlation Between Architecture Smells, Package Stability and Reusability: A Case Study 4

The Correlation Between Architecture Smells, Package Stabili...

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4th IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and computer Engineering, MI-STA 2024

作者： Benidris, Mrwan Elfallah, Ehab A. Omar Cheema, Marwa Aslam Alsma, Mohammed Salah Addin Kadiki, Tareq Ziad Elbarsha, Abdelfattah University of Benghazi Faculty of Information Technology Dep. of Computer Science Libya Libyan International Medical University Faculty of Information Technology Dept. of Software Engineering Libya University of Benghazi Faculty of Public Health Health Informatics Department Libya

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372632

the design decisions made in the architecture of a software system are essential to its maintainability, and thus its quality is of great importance. Architecture smells (ASs) can be used to identify any quality issues within the system. To further explore the relationships between ASs, stability, and reusability, Spearman correlation coefficients will be calculated. This paper seeks to examine the connection between architecture smells, software stability, and reusability. To do this, we utilized a dataset created by other researchers and conducted an empirical study of the associations between five types of architecture smells and software stability and reusability. This research is necessary as there is a lack of in-depth research on architecture smells and their relationship to software stability and reusability. We found a relationship between the presence of Feature Concentration in package and the stability and reusability of the package. Also, package's stability is affected by both Cyclic Dependency and Unstable Dependency. A slight positive correlation has been found between God Class and stability, as well as a very weak negative correlation between Unstable Dependency and reusability. Finally, we found a slight negative correlation between package stability and reusability. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reusability

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Mode Collapse Alleviation of Reinforcement Learning-based GANs in Drug Design

Mode Collapse Alleviation of Reinforcement Learning-based GA...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

作者： Jiang, Zongli Wang, Zhenbo Zhang, Jinli Wub, Man Li, Chen Yamanishi, Yoshihiro Beijing University of Technology Faculty of Information Technology China Keio University Department of Information and Computer Science Japan Nagoya University Graduate School of Informatics Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337488

De novo drug design is a challenging task that involves understanding the principles of chemistry, chemical properties, and the rules that govern molecular interactions. Deep learning-based generative models, such as MolGAN, offer a promising approach for generating new molecules with the desired chemical properties from molecular graphs. Such models often combine a discrete generative adversarial network (GAN) and reinforcement learning (RL) to produce highly valid and novel molecules. However, the severe mode collapse problem leads to low performance. This study aims to alleviate and investigate the effect of multiple factors on mode collapse. We conducted experiments on different sampling methods, training epochs, and datasets of various volumes and evaluated the experimental results using performance metrics such as validity, uniqueness, novelty, and diversity. The experimental results demonstrate that noise sampling distributions, training epochs, and training data volumes affect performance. The experimental results provide a direction for mitigating the mode collapse problem for RL-based discrete GANs. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks (GANs) Mode collapse Molecular generation Reinforcement learning (RL)

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Dynamic Audio-Visual Biometric Fusion for Person Recognition

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1283-1311页

作者： Najlaa Hindi Alsaedi Emad Sami Jaha Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Biometric recognition refers to the process of recognizing a person’s identity using physiological or behavioral modalities,such as face,voice,fingerprint,gait,*** biometric modalities are mostly used in recognition tasks separately as in unimodal systems,or jointly with two or more as in multimodal ***,multimodal systems can usually enhance the recognition performance over unimodal systems by integrating the biometric data of multiple modalities at different fusion *** this enhancement,in real-life applications some factors degrade multimodal systems’performance,such as occlusion,face poses,and noise in voice *** this paper,we propose two algorithms that effectively apply dynamic fusion at feature level based on the data quality of multimodal *** proposed algorithms attempt to minimize the negative influence of confusing and low-quality features by either exclusion or weight reduction to achieve better recognition *** proposed dynamic fusion was achieved using face and voice biometrics,where face features were extracted using principal component analysis(PCA),and Gabor filters separately,whilst voice features were extracted using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs).Here,the facial data quality assessment of face images is mainly based on the existence of occlusion,whereas the assessment of voice data quality is substantially based on the calculation of signal to noise ratio(SNR)as per the existence of *** evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms,several experiments were conducted using two combinations of three different databases,AR database,and the extended Yale Face Database B for face images,in addition to VOiCES database for voice *** obtained results show that both proposed dynamic fusion algorithms attain improved performance and offer more advantages in identification and verification over not only the standard unimodal algorithms but also the multimodal algorithms using stan

关键词： Biometrics dynamic fusion feature fusion identification multimodal biometrics occluded face recognition quality-based recognition verification voice recognition

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Transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative games

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science China(information sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 97-114页

作者： Peiyun ZHANG Chenxi LI Mengchu ZHOU Wenjun HUANG Abdullah ABUSORRAH Omaimah O.BAMASAG Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer and SoftwareNanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation CenterKing Abdulaziz University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Center of Excellence in Smart Environment Research King Abdulaziz University

In blockchain networks, transactions can be transmitted through channels. The existing transmission methods depend on their routing information. If a node randomly chooses a channel to transmit a transaction, the transmission may be aborted due to insufficient funds(also called balance) or a low transmission rate. To increase the success rate and reduce transmission delay across all transactions, this work proposes a transaction transmission model for blockchain channels based on non-cooperative game *** balance, channel states, and transmission probability are fully considered. This work then presents an optimized channel transaction transmission algorithm. First, channel balances are analyzed and suitable channels are selected if their balance is sufficient. Second, a Nash equilibrium point is found by using an iterative sub-gradient method and its related channels are then used to transmit transactions. The proposed method is compared with two state-of-the-art approaches: Silent Whispers and Speedy Murmurs. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves transmission success rate, reduces transmission delay,and effectively decreases transmission overhead in comparison with its two competitive peers.

关键词： Blockchain channel transaction transmission channel balance channel state channel transmission probability non-cooperative game

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Visual Lip-Reading for Quranic Arabic Alphabets and Words Using Deep Learning

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computer Systems science & Engineering 2023年第9期46卷 3037-3058页

作者： Nada Faisal Aljohani Emad Sami Jaha Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

The continuing advances in deep learning have paved the way for several challenging *** such idea is visual lip-reading,which has recently drawn many research ***-reading,often referred to as visual speech recognition,is the ability to understand and predict spoken speech based solely on lip movements without using *** to the lack of research studies on visual speech recognition for the Arabic language in general,and its absence in the Quranic research,this research aims to fill this *** paper introduces a new publicly available Arabic lip-reading dataset containing 10490 videos captured from multiple viewpoints and comprising data samples at the letter level(i.e.,single letters(single alphabets)and Quranic disjoined letters)and in the word level based on the content and context of the book Al-Qaida *** research uses visual speech recognition to recognize spoken Arabic letters(Arabic alphabets),Quranic disjoined letters,and Quranic words,mainly phonetic as they are recited in the Holy Quran according to Quranic study aid entitled Al-Qaida *** study could further validate the correctness of pronunciation and,subsequently,assist people in correctly reciting ***,a detailed description of the created dataset and its construction methodology is *** new dataset is used to train an effective pre-trained deep learning CNN model throughout transfer learning for lip-reading,achieving the accuracies of 83.3%,80.5%,and 77.5%on words,disjoined letters,and single letters,respectively,where an extended analysis of the results is ***,the experimental outcomes,different research aspects,and dataset collection consistency and challenges are discussed and concluded with several new promising trends for future work.

关键词： Visual speech recognition lip-reading deep learning quranic Arabic dataset Tajwid

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A review on spreading and Forensics Analysis of Windows-Based ransomware

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Annals of Data science 2024年第5期11卷 1503-1524页

作者： Chayal, Narendrakumar Mangilal Saxena, Ankur Khan, Rijwan Department of Computer Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Engineering Sankalchand Patel University Visnagar India Department of Computer Science Indus Institute of Information and Communication Technology Dean-ICT & ampDirector-IIICT Indus University Gujarat Ahmedabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering ABES Institute of Technology Ghaziabad Affiliated to AKTU Lucknow India

Ransomware is one of the most advanced malware which uses high computer resources and services to encrypt system data once it infects a system and causes large financial data losses to the organization and individuals. There are certain automatic ransomware detection and analysis strategies available nowadays. File system analysis reveals some essential patterns and artifacts that can be very useful to understand its behavior spreading mechanism, taxonomy for malware forensics experts. Current trend explores Ransomware as a service (RaaS) and Malware as a service (MaaS) on Darknet. This paper reveals a theory of digital forensic methodology to identify the spreading/infection mechanism and attack path, the cryptographic methodology, windows services, process, APIs, persistence mechanism, and system lockdown strategies and malware analysis methodology. This review could be helpful to learn and understand malware forensic analysis for threat researchers, students, cyber experts, etc. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.

关键词： Malware

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Machine Speech Chain with Emotion Recognition 11

Machine Speech Chain with Emotion Recognition

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11th International Conference on Advanced informatics: Concept, Theory and Application, ICAICTA 2024

作者： Naufal, Akeyla Pradia Lestari, Dessi Puji Purwarianti, Ayu Azizah, Kurniawati Tanaya, Dipta Sakti, Sakriani School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia University of Indonesia Faculty of Computer Science Depok Indonesia Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520311

Developing natural speech recognition and speech synthesis systems requires speech data that authentically represents real emotions. However, this type of data is often challenging to obtain. Machine speech chain offers a solution to this challenge by using unpaired data to continue training models initially trained with paired data. Given the relative abundance of unpaired data compared to paired data, machine speech chain can be instrumental in recognizing emotions in speech where training data is limited. This study investigates the application of machine speech chain in speech emotion recognition and speech recognition of emotional speech. Our findings indicate that a model trained with 50% paired neutral emotion speech data and 22% paired non-neutral emotional speech data shows a reduction in Character Error Rate (CER) from 37.55% to 34.52% when further trained with unpaired neutral emotion speech data. The CER further decreases to 33.75% when additionally trained with combined unpaired speech data. The accuracy of recognizing non-neutral emotions ranged from 2.18% to 53.51 %, though the F1 score fluctuated, increasing by up to 20.6% and decreasing by up to 23.4%. These results suggest that the model demonstrates a bias towards the majority class, as reflected by the values of the two metrics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Chains

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Fine-grained Energy-efficient Data Center Traffic Scheduling Mechanism Based on Hierarchical Control

Journal of Network Intelligence

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Journal of Network Intelligence 2023年第3期8卷 742-757页

作者： Niu, Tianyu Li, Honghui Li, Weidong Por, Lip Yee College of Computer and Information Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Hohhot China Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia

With the continuous expansion of the data center, its energy consumption is also increasing. Aiming at the problem that the high redundancy of modern data center network causes low energy-consumption utilization, this paper proposes an energy-saving traffic scheduling algorithm (IMV-MLF) based on improved multi-layer-virtual-topology combined with maximum link-utilization path priority, which realizes more fine-grained control of each layer of virtual topology in data center network. Firstly, the relevant shap-ing linear programming mathematical model is established according to the optimization goal of energy conservation, which can minimize the energy consumption of the whole network as far as possible under the premise of meeting all network-flow requirements;Then, according to the optimization goal, the existing SDN based energy saving multi-layer-virtual-topology (EMV-SDN) method is improved. Whether the network devices in other layers are enabled is determined by the overall traffic level rather than the traffic level of a single link. On the basis of the opened level, the newly arrived network flows are preferentially allocated to the path with the highest link utilization, and overload link set is introduced, we can effectively use the available link routes with sufficient residual bandwidth to reduce congestion when the topology changes by marking the links whose link utilization reaches the critical value, and further count and close the links and switches which no network flows pass through. The experimental results show that the performance of IMV-MLF algorithm is better than multi-layer virtual topology energy saving (EMV-SDN) algorithm and the equivalent multipath (ECMP) algorithm in saving network energy. This result is helpful to provide another new idea for energy conservation of data center. © 2023, Journal of Network Intelligence.

关键词： Energy utilization

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