A TCP/IP-based interface design has been designed, and the interface can process data based on the Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Standard. This interface is able to identify Ethernet Frame IEEE 802.3, Header of LLC 802.2, Heade...
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A TCP/IP-based interface design has been designed, and the interface can process data based on the Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Standard. This interface is able to identify Ethernet Frame IEEE 802.3, Header of LLC 802.2, Header and the Packet Data of IP Datagram. In addition, the interface can perform simple encryption process, and renew FCS (Frame Check Sequence) data of an ethernet frame. After the interface design had been simulated, it was implemented onto Altera Stratix EP1S10F780C6ES FPGA of an Altera Nios® Board. The interface's synthesis result shows that the interface's internal frequency is up to 78.01 MHz. Moreover, the implementation result was verified using SignalTap II Logic Analyzer. The interface functions as an emulator properly which can operate in half duplex mode.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.
SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea inci...
SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. MethodsWe used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. FindingsThe greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. InterpretationBy co-analysing geospatial trends in dia
The study of database analysis and design is typically a core in an informatics/computer science undergraduate/postgraduate studyprogram. However, a survey conducted by Connolly in 2005 concluded that in Europe, comp...
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The study of database analysis and design is typically a core in an informatics/computer science undergraduate/postgraduate studyprogram. However, a survey conducted by Connolly in 2005 concluded that in Europe, companies considered the skill of database design is the most lacking skill in IT graduate recruits. To overcome the problem, Connolly and Begg in 2006 proposed the problem/project-based learning as an approach to study database design. This paper presents our work on a learning tool on the database analysis and design, focusing on the data requirement analysis and conceptual data modeling phase. The tool is designed based on the principles of problem/project-based learning by Connolly and Begg. The learning tool is developed on top of Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) by creating a new plug-in for data modeling called DBDesign. We conducted some interviews to a number of teachers and students of informatics/computer engineeringstudyprograms to obtain some opinions about the usefulness of the learning tool in improving the database analysis and design skills. All respondents agree that the tool will help students in learning database analysis and design. Nevertheless, some features are considered to be less important than others to be provided in such database learning tool; therefore, further study is required on the features.
This study directs to research the developed business performance based on optimal costs, which is enabled by an IT value engineering concept, namely an engineering method due to IT inclusion within an organization to...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467366656
This study directs to research the developed business performance based on optimal costs, which is enabled by an IT value engineering concept, namely an engineering method due to IT inclusion within an organization to generate excellent performances at minor cost. Thus, the method is using systems engineering in which the processes through an engineering design process by defining the problem, generating alternative solutions, selecting a solution, detailing the design, validating the model. Furthermore, this methodology combines with the resource-based view and the partial adjustment theories. At that point, the results disclose a parallel fashion model to remain business performance completely at minimum costs.
Internet penetration in developing countries depend on a variety of factors, including the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the density of telephone connections, and the density of personal computer users. Internet kiosk...
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Spindle motor (three-phase asynchronous AC motor) is an important part of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) milling machine, which plays role to engrave the copper layer based on the PCB pat...
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Spindle motor (three-phase asynchronous AC motor) is an important part of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) milling machine, which plays role to engrave the copper layer based on the PCB pattern design. To perform the engraving processes, it is necessary to adjust the spindle motor speed in accordance with the PCB material used. This paper presents the results of implementing a three-phase spindle-motor speed controller based on Field programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The control method used is fixed Voltage/Frequency (V/F) with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique, so that the maximum torque of the motor can be maintained and the harmonic signals can be minimized. This sub-module consists of two main components, namely FPGA and three-phase inverter, which consists of opto-isolation circuit, logic inverter, MOSFET driver, and three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit. The FPGA unit generates digital SPWM signal as input to the inverter to convert DC voltage into three-phase AC voltage according to the given input frequency. Results show that the sub-module can control the speed in the range of 14000-28000 RPM with the corresponding frequency range of 250-500 Hz. The Sub-module also has constant V/F and Speed/Frequency (ω/F) characteristics. In addition, a ramp speed profile used during acceleration and deceleration has also been successfully implemented to address the problem of low starting torque due to the increase of supply frequency.
Overfishing is a global environmental problem that risks fisheries since many of the fish stock of the fisheries have already reduced to below a tolerable level. One of solutions that often implemented in the fishery ...
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Overfishing is a global environmental problem that risks fisheries since many of the fish stock of the fisheries have already reduced to below a tolerable level. One of solutions that often implemented in the fishery management is by calculating the value of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) as the maximum tolerable harvest that can be taken out from the natural stock without harming the population over an indefinite period of time. A proper tool used for computing the MSY is needed to support the fishery manager in solving this decision making problem. In this paper we propose a software development of Decision Support System (DSS) to address such fishery industry problem. The DSS is developed to compute the MSY from the annual yield-effort data of the fishery. We use two sigmoid growth equations, Logistic and Gompertz equations, as the underlying population models, which then are approximated by their discrete forms for computing several growth parameters. Most known methods of growth parameter estimation use a Multiple Linear Regression with Ordinary Least Square method (MLR-OLS). Here we propose the application of Artificial Neural Network with Linear Perceptron method (ANN-LP). A case study in this paper shows that the effectiveness of the proposed ANN-LP is as good as the MLR-OLS in estimating both the growth parameters and the MSY of the fishery in the case study needed in the computation of its MSY by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Linear Perceptron.
作者:
Leila DorlingThe authors' affiliations are as follows: the Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology
Departments of Public Health and Primary Care (L.D. S. Carvalho J.A. K.A.P. Q.W. M.K.B. J.D. B.D. N. Mavaddat K. Michailidou A.C.A. P.D.P.P. D.F.E.) and Oncology (C.L. P.A.H. C. Baynes D.M.C. L.F. V.R. M. Shah P.D.P.P. A.M.D. D.F.E.) University of Cambridge Cambridge the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (A. Campbell D.J.P.) and the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology Department of Psychology (D.J.P.) University of Edinburgh the Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre (D.A.C. J.F.) and the Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics University of Edinburgh Medical School (A. Campbell J.F.) Edinburgh the Divisions of Informatics Imaging and Data Sciences (E.F.H.) Cancer Sciences (A. Howell) Population Health Health Services Research and Primary Care (A. Lophatananon K. Muir) and Evolution and Genomic Sciences School of Biological Sciences (W.G.N. E.M.V. D.G.E.) University of Manchester the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Unit (E.F.H.) and the Nightingale Breast Screening Centre Wythenshawe Hospital (E.F.H. H.I.) Academic Health Science Centre and North West Genomics Laboratory Hub and the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine St. Mary's Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (W.G.N. E.M.V. D.G.E.) Manchester the School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences Comprehensive Cancer Centre Guy's Campus King's College London London (E.J.S.) the Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham (I.T.) and the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford (I.T.) - all in the United Kingdom the Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit
Human Cancer Genetic Program (A.G.-N. M.R.A. N.Á. B.H. R.N.-T.) and the Human Genetics Group (V.F. A.O. J.B.) Spanish National Cancer Research
Background:Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility is widely used,but for many genes,evidence of an association with breast cancer is weak,underlying risk estimates are imprecise,and reliable subtype-specific...
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Background:Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility is widely used,but for many genes,evidence of an association with breast cancer is weak,underlying risk estimates are imprecise,and reliable subtype-specific risk estimates are ***:We used a panel of 34 putative susceptibility genes to perform sequencing on samples from 60,466 women with breast cancer and 53,461 *** separate analyses for protein-truncating variants and rare missense variants in these genes,we estimated odds ratios for breast cancer overall and tumor *** evaluated missense-variant associations according to domain and classification of pathogenicity.
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