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Global trends and biases in biodiversity conservation research

Cell Reports Sustainability 2024年第5期1卷

作者： Caldwell, Iain R. Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. Bowen, Brian W. Cowman, Peter F. DiBattista, Joseph D. Whitney, Jon L. Ahti, Pauliina A. Belderok, Roy Canfield, Sean Coleman, Richard R. Iacchei, Matthew Johnston, Erika C. Knapp, Ingrid Nalley, Eileen M. Staeudle, Timo M. Láruson, Áki Jarl College of Arts Society and Education James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Douglas 4811 QLD Australia School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4069 QLD Australia Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Kāne‘ohe 96744 HI United States Biodiversity and Geosciences Program Queensland Museum Tropics Townsville 4810 QLD Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville 4811 QLD Australia Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum Sydney 2010 NSW Australia National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu 96818 HI United States Division of Integrated Science and Engineering California Department of Water Resources Sacramento 95814 CA United States Department of Marine Biology and Ecology Rosenstiel School of Marine Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Miami Miami 33149 FL United States College of Natural and Computational Sciences Hawaiʻi Pacific University Makapuʻu Campus 41-202 Kalanianaʻole Hwy Waimānalo 96795 HI United States University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu 96822 HI United States Aquaculture and Fisheries Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen 6708 Netherlands Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík 102 Iceland Marine and Freshwater Research Institute Hafnarfjörður 200 Iceland

Efforts to conserve biodiversity have been hampered by long-standing biases, including a disproportionate focus on particular taxa and ecosystems with minimal attention to underlying genetic diversity. We assessed whether these biases have persisted over the past four decades by analyzing trends in 17,502 research articles published in four top conservation-focused journals. Overall, we found that historical biases in conservation biology research remain entrenched. Despite increasing numbers of conservation articles published each decade from 1980 to 2020, research effort has increasingly focused on the same suite of taxa. Surprisingly, some of the most-studied species in these conservation articles had low conservation risk, including several domesticated animals. Animals and terrestrial ecosystems are consistently over-represented while plants, fungi, and freshwater ecosystems remain under-represented. Strategically funding investigations of understudied species and ecosystems will ensure more effective conservation effort across multiple levels of biodiversity, alleviate impediments to biodiversity targets, and ultimately prevent further extinctions. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： bibliometry biodiversity conservation GBIF historical trends IUCN research bias threatened species

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Video Forgery Detection for Surveillance Cameras: A Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tayfor, Noor B. Rashid, Tarik A. Qader, Shko M. Hassan, Bryar A. Abdalla, Mohammed H. Majidpour, Jafar Ahmed, Aram M. Ali, Hussein M. Aladdin, Aso M. Abdullah, Abdulhady A. Shamsaldin, Ahmed S. Sidqi, Haval M. Salih, Abdulrahman Yaseen, Zaher M. Ameen, Azad A. Nayak, Janmenjoy Hamza, Mahmood Yashar Department of Information Technology Kurdistan Technical Institute Sulaimani Iraq Computer Science and Engineering Department University of Kurdistan Hewlêr Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Science Kurdistan Technical Institute Sulaimani Iraq Department of Computer Science University of Raparin Rania Iraq Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Centre University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Department of Software Engineering College of Engineering and Computational Science Charmo University Chamchamal46023 Iraq Department of Database College of Informatics Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaimani Iraq Northumbria University London United Kingdom Civil and Environmental Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhah-ran31261 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University Odisha Baripada India Department of Computer Engineering Tishk International University Erbil Iraq

The widespread availability of video recording through smartphones and digital devices has made video-based evidence more accessible than ever. Surveillance footage plays a crucial role in security, law enforcement, and judicial processes. However, with the rise of advanced video editing tools, tampering with digital recordings has become increasingly easy, raising concerns about their authenticity. Ensuring the integrity of surveillance videos is essential, as manipulated footage can lead to misinformation and undermine judicial decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing forensic techniques used to detect video forgery, focusing on their effectiveness in verifying the authenticity of surveillance recordings. Various methods, including compression-based analysis, frame duplication detection, and machine learning-based approaches, are explored. The findings highlight the growing necessity for more robust forensic techniques to counteract evolving forgery methods. Strengthening video forensic capabilities will ensure that surveillance recordings remain credible and admissible as legal evidence. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： CCD cameras

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White Paper on Enabling Global Image Data Sharing in the Life sciences

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Bajcsy, Peter Bhattiprolu, Sreenivas Börner, Katy Cimini, Beth A. Collinson, Lucy Ellenberg, Jan Fiolka, Reto Giger, Maryellen Goscinski, Wojtek Hartley, Matthew Hotaling, Nathan Horwitz, Rick Jug, Florian Kreshuk, Anna Lundberg, Emma Mathur, Aastha Narayan, Kedar Onami, Shuichi Plant, Anne L. Prior, Fred Swedlow, Jason Taylor, Adam Keppler, Antje National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States ZEISS Microscopy Customer Center DublinCA94568 United States Intelligent Systems Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Imaging Platform Broad Institute CambridgeMA United States Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Road LondonNW1 1AT United Kingdom European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States Department of Radiology and Committee on Medical Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States National Imaging Facility Brisbane Australia European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton Cambridge United Kingdom National Center for Advancing Translational Science National Institutes of Health Rockville United States Allen Institute for Cell Science Seattle United States Fondazione Human Technopole Milan Italy Stanford University California US and SciLifeLab KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Center for Molecular Microscopy Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20892 United States Cancer Research Technology Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD21702 United States RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Japan Department of Biomedical Informatics Department of Radiology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockAR72205 United States Divisions of Computational Biology and Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology University of Dundee United Kingdom Sage Bionetworks SeattleWA United States

Coordinated collaboration is essential to realize the added value of and infrastructure requirements for global image data sharing in the life sciences. In this White Paper, we take a first step at presenting some of the most common use cases as well as critical/emerging use cases of (including the use of artificial intelligence for) biological and medical image data, which would benefit tremendously from better frameworks for sharing (including technical, resourcing, legal, and ethical aspects). In the second half of this paper, we paint an ‘ideal world scenario’ for how global image data sharing could work and benefit all life sciences and beyond. As this is still a long way off, we conclude by suggesting several concrete measures directed toward our institutions, existing imaging communities and data initiatives, and national funders, as well as publishers. Our vision is that within the next ten years, most researchers in the world will be able to make their datasets openly available and use quality image data of interest to them for their research and benefit. This paper is published in parallel with a companion White Paper entitled "Harmonizing the Generation and Pre-publication Stewardship of FAIR Image Data", which addresses challenges and opportunities related to producing well-documented and high-quality image data that is ready to be shared. The driving goal is to address remaining challenges and democratize access to everyday practices and tools for a spectrum of biomedical researchers, regardless of their expertise, access to resources, and geographical location. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

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Enhancement of Self-Trapped Exciton and Near-Infrared Emission in Bi3+/Er3+ Co-Doped Cs2Ag0.4Na0.6InCl6 Double Perovskite for Optical Telecommunications

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Dave, Kashyap Huang, Wen-Tse Leśniewski, Tadeusz Lazarowska, Agata Grzegorczyk, Maciej Mahlik, Sebastian Leniec, Grzegorz Kaczmarek, Slawomir M. Liu, Ru-Shi Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Taiwan University Taipei115 Taiwan Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdańsk Gdańsk80-308 Poland Department of Technical Physics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin Piastow 48 Szczecin70-311 Poland Advanced Research Center of Green Materials Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Erbium (Er) complexes are used as optical gain material for signal generation in the telecom C-band at 1540 nm, but they need a sensitizer to enhance absorption. Na+ substitution at Ag+ and Bi3+ doping at the In3+ site are possible strategies to enhance broadband emission in Cs2AgInCl6, which could be used as sensitizers to energy transfer into rare-earth elements. Herein, self-trapped exciton (STE) energy transfer to Er3+ at 1540 nm for low loss optical telecommunication applications is reported. An acid precipitation method is used to synthesize Cs2AgInCl6 and its derivative with Er3+, Bi3+, and Na+. Bare Cs2AgInCl6:Er emission signals are found to be weak at 1540 nm, but Bi3+ doping increased by 12 times, and Bi3+ and Na+ doping increased by up to 25 times signal intensity. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy characterized a decrease in axial symmetry over the Er3+ ion after substitutions of Na+ and Bi3+ in Cs2AgInCl6 at low temperature ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Predicting future cognitive decline with hyperbolic stochastic coding

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Jie Dong, Qunxi Shi, Jie Li, Qingyang Stonnington, Cynthia M. Gutman, Boris A. Chen, Kewei Reiman, Eric M. Caselli, Richard J. Thompson, Paul M. Ye, Jieping Wang, Yalin School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Arizona ScottsdaleAZ United States Armour College of Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology ChicagoIL United States Banner Alzheimer’s Institute PhoenixAZ United States Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Arizona ScottsdaleAZ United States Imaging Genetics Center Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

Hyperbolic geometry has been successfully applied in modeling brain cortical and subcortical surfaces with general topological structures. However, such approaches, similar to other surface-based brain morphology analysis methods, usually generate high dimensional features. It limits their statistical power in cognitive decline prediction research, especially in datasets with limited subject numbers. To address the above limitation, we propose a novel framework termed as hyperbolic stochastic coding (HSC). We first compute diffeomorphic maps between general topological surfaces by mapping them to a canonical hyperbolic parameter space with consistent boundary conditions and extracts critical shape features. Secondly, in the hyperbolic parameter space, we introduce a farthest point sampling with breadth-first search method to obtain ring-shaped patches. Thirdly, stochastic coordinate coding and max-pooling algorithms are adopted for feature dimension reduction. We further validate the proposed system by comparing its classification accuracy with some other methods on two brain imaging datasets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression studies. Our preliminary experimental results show that our algorithm achieves superior results on various classification tasks. Our work may enrich surface-based brain imaging research tools and potentially result in a diagnostic and prognostic indicator to be useful in individualized treatment strategies. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Matrix power means and new characterizations of operator monotone functions

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dinh, Trung Hoa Le, Cong Trinh Van Nguyen, The Vo, Bich Khue Department of Mathematics Troy University TroyAL36082 United States Faculty of Mathematics-Mechanics-Informatics VNU University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi Viet Nam Division of Computational Mathematics and Engineering Institute for Computational Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Economics and Law University of Finance and Marketing Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

For positive definite matrices A and B, the Kubo-Ando matrix power mean is defined as 'Equation Presented' In this paper, for 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 ≤ q, we show that if one of the following inequalities 'Equation Presented' holds for any positive definite matrices A and B, then the function f is operator monotone on (0, ∞). We also study the inverse problem for non-Kubo-Ando matrix power means with the powers 1/2 and 2. As a consequence, we establish new charaterizations of operator monotone functions with the non-Kubo-Ando matrix power *** Codes 47A63, 47A64, 47A56, 46E05, 15B48 © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Validation of the Reduced Unified Continuum Formulation Against In Vitro 4D-Flow MRI

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Lan, Ingrid S. Liu, Ju Yang, Weiguang Zimmermann, Judith Ennis, Daniel B. Marsden, Alison L. Department of Bioengineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Radiology Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Garching85748 Germany Division of Radiology Veterans Affairs Health Care System Palo AltoCA94304 United States Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

In our recent work, we introduced the reduced unified continuum formulation for vascular fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and demonstrated enhanced solver accuracy, scalability, and performance compared to conventional approaches. We further verified the formulation against Womersley's deformable wall theory. In this study, we assessed its performance in a compliant patient-specific aortic model by leveraging 3D printing, 2D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 4D-flow MRI to extract high-resolution anatomical and hemodynamic information from an in vitro flow circuit. To accurately reflect experimental conditions, we additionally enabled in-plane vascular motion at each inlet and outlet, and implemented viscoelastic external tissue support and vascular tissue prestressing. Validation of our formulation is achieved through close quantitative agreement in pressures, lumen area changes, pulse wave velocity, and early systolic velocities, as well as qualitative agreement in late systolic flow structures. Our validated suite of FSI techniques can be used to investigate vascular disease initiation, progression, and treatment at a computational cost on the same order as that of rigid-walled simulations. This study is the first to validate a cardiovascular FSI formulation against an in vitro flow circuit involving a compliant vascular phantom of complex patient-specific anatomy. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Fluid structure interaction

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Current Progress and Challenges in Large-scale 3D Mitochondria Instance Segmentation

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Franco-Barranco, Daniel Lin, Zudi Jang, Won-Dong Wang, Xueying Shen, Qijia Yin, Wenjie Fan, Yutian Li, Mingxing Chen, Chang Xiong, Zhiwei Xin, Rui Liu, Hao Chen, Huai Li, Zhili Zhao, Jie Chen, Xuejin Pape, Constantin Conrad, Ryan De Folter, Jozefus Nightingale, Luke Jones, Martin L. Liu, Yanling Ziaei, Dorsa Huschauer, Stephan Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio Pfister, Hanspeter Wei, Donglai The Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country Donostia-San Sebastian Spain San Sebastian Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain Biofisika Institute CSIC UPV/EHU Bilbao Spain Harvard University All-ston MA United States The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging FMRIB Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Georg-August University Goettingen Germany The Center for Molecular Microscopy Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda United States The Cancer Research Technology Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick United States The Francis Crick Institute London United Kingdom The Advanced Biomedical Computational Science Group Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD United States The Computer Science Department Boston College Chestnut Hill MA United States

In this paper, we present the results of the MitoEM challenge on mitochondria 3D instance segmentation from electron microscopy images, organized in conjunction with the IEEE-ISBI 2021 conference. Our benchmark dataset consists of two large-scale 3D volumes, one from human and one from rat cortex tissue, which are 3,600 times larger than previously used datasets. At the time of paper submission, 257 participants had registered for the challenge, 14 teams had submitted their results, and six teams participated in the challenge workshop. Here, we present eight top-performing approaches from the challenge participants, along with our own baseline strategies. Posterior to the challenge, annotation errors in the ground truth were corrected without altering the final ranking. Additionally, we present a retrospective evaluation of the scoring system which revealed that (1) the challenge metric was permissive with the false positive predictions and (2) the size-based grouping of instances did not correctly categorize mitochondria of interest. Thus, we propose a new scoring system that better reflects the correctness of the segmentation results. Although several of the top methods are compared favorably to our own baselines, substantial errors remain unsolved for mitochondria with challenging morphologies. Thus, the challenge remains open for submission and automatic evaluation, with all volumes available for download. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electron microscopy

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Iterative quantum optimization of spin glass problems with rapidly oscillating transverse fields

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Barton, Brandon Sagal, Jacob Feeney, Sean Grattan, George Patnaik, Pratik Oganesyan, Vadim Carr, Lincoln D. Kapit, Eliot Quantum Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines 1523 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines 1523 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Computer Science Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois St GoldenCO80401 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Staten Island City University of New York Staten IslandNY10314 United States Physics program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences The Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

In this work, we introduce a new iterative quantum algorithm, called Iterative Symphonic Tunneling for Satisfiability problems (IST-SAT), which solves quantum spin glass optimization problems using high-frequency oscillating transverse fields. IST-SAT operates as a sequence of iterations, in which bitstrings returned from one iteration are used to set spin-dependent phases in oscillating transverse fields in the next iteration. Over several iterations, the novel mechanism of the algorithm steers the system toward the problem ground state. We benchmark IST-SAT on sets of hard MAX-3-XORSAT problem instances with exact state vector simulation, and report polynomial speedups over trotterized adiabatic quantum computation (TAQC) and the best known semi-greedy classical algorithm. When IST-SAT is seeded with a sufficiently good initial approximation, the algorithm converges to exact solution(s) in a polynomial number of iterations. Our numerical results identify a critial Hamming radius(CHR), or quality of initial approximation, where the time-to-solution crosses from exponential to polynomial scaling in problem size. By combining IST-SAT with future classical or quantum approximation algorithms, larger gains may be achieved. The mechanism we present in this work thus presents a new path toward achieving quantum advantage in optimization. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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When data disappear: public health pays as US policy strays

引用

The Lancet Digital Health 2025年 100874页

作者： McAndrew, Thomas Lover, Andrew A Hoyt, Garrik Majumder, Maimuna S Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science College of Health Lehigh University BethlehemPA United States Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering PC Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Lehigh University BethlehemPA United States Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children's Hospital BostonMA United States

Presidential actions on Jan 20, 2025, by President Donald Trump, including executive orders, have delayed access to or led to the removal of crucial public health data sources in the USA. The continuous collection and maintenance of health data support public health, safety, and security associated with diseases such as seasonal influenza. To show how public health data surveillance enhances public health practice, we analysed data from seven US Government-maintained sources associated with seasonal influenza. We fit two models that forecast the number of national incident influenza hospitalisations in the USA: (1) a data-rich model incorporating data from all seven Government data sources;and (2) a data-poor model built using a single Government hospitalisation data source, representing the minimal required information to produce a forecast of influenza hospitalisations. The data-rich model generated reliable forecasts useful for public health decision making, whereas the predictions using the data-poor model were highly uncertain, rendering them impractical. Thus, health data can serve as a transparent and standardised foundation to improve domestic and global health. Therefore, a plan should be developed to safeguard public health data as a public good. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Health insurance

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