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Medical Imaging 2023: computer-Aided Diagnosis

作者： Li, Yuheng Wang, Jing Hu, Mingzhe Patel, Pretesh Mao, Hui Liu, Tian Yang, Xiaofeng Department of Radiation Oncology Winship Cancer Institute Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University AtlantaGA30322 United States Department of Computer Science and Informatics Emory University AtlantaGA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510660359

Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive modality for diagnosing prostate carcinoma (PCa) and deep learning has gained increasing interest in MR images. We propose a novel 3D Capsule Network to perform low grade vs high grade PCa classification. The proposed network utilizes Efficient CapsNet as backbone and consists of three main components, 3D convolutional blocks, depth-wise separable 3D convolution, and self-attention routing. The network employs convolutional blocks to extract high level features, which will form primary capsules via depth-wise separable convolution operations. A self-attention mechanism is used to route primary capsules to higher level capsules and finally a PCa grade is assigned. The proposed 3D Capsule Network was trained and tested using a public dataset that involves 529 patients diagnosed with PCa. A baseline 3D CNN method was also experimented for comparison. Our Capsule Network achieved 85% accuracy and 0.87 AUC, while the baseline CNN achieved 80% accuracy and 0.84 AUC. The superior performance of Capsule Network demonstrates its feasibility for PCa grade classification from prostate MRI and shows its potential in assisting clinical decision-making. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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A Review on Leveraging Language Agnostic Automated Text Data Augmentation with Explainable Semantic Integrity 5

A Review on Leveraging Language Agnostic Automated Text Data...

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5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Computing, ICARC 2025

作者： Wijesundera, Sarith Peiris, Suresh Michael University of Westminster Department of Computer Science and Engineering London United Kingdom Informatics Institute of Technology School of Computing Colombo Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530983

Data Augmentation (DA) is an effective strategy to increase model generalisation. In Natural Language Processing (NLP), DA remains in its early stages, primarily due to the inherent sensitivity of textual data, which complicates the augmentation process. These complexities are further increased in multilingual contexts, as DA techniques effective in one language may not yield comparable results in others. As a result, manually identifying optimal DA techniques that preserve semantic integrity and are language agnostic remains a significant challenge. It emphasises the necessity for automating the text DA process with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which offers a promising approach by calculating word importance scores to effectively guide the augmentation. In this paper, a comprehensive review of existing approaches in auto-text DA is presented, beginning with an exploration of the concept of auto-text DA, followed by a discussion on its cross-lingual applications, and concluding with the integration of XAI for semantic preservation. The paper highlights the critical need for further research to enhance the effectiveness and applicability of XAI in auto-text DA, enabling its use across diverse languages. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Transfer learning

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IPFS: An Off-Chain Storage Solution for Blockchain 5th

IPFS: An Off-Chain Storage Solution for Blockchain

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5th International Conference on Recent Innovations in Computing, ICRIC 2022

作者： Kaur, Manpreet Gupta, Shikha Kumar, Deepak Raboaca, Maria Simona Goyal, S.B. Verma, Chaman Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Mohali India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Ludhiana India Apex Institute of Technology Chandigarh University Mohali India National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies-ICSI Râmnicu Vâlcea Romania Faculty of Information Technology City University London Malaysia Department of Media and Educational Informatics Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9789811998751

Due to intrinsic properties such as transparency, immutability, decentralization, and cryptographic security, blockchain has emerged as a revolutionary technology. Despite its widespread application, blockchain is not used to store huge data due to the restricted storage capacity offered by each block. Furthermore, because the data contained in a block must be duplicated on many other nodes on the network, storage space is wasted. Off-chain storage is therefore required to store significant volumes of data while preserving the efficiency and performance of the network. Additionally, off-chain solutions such as Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS) would reduce the cost requirements of blockchain nodes as data stored and processed by these nodes would be reduced. Hence, strong decentralized storage is provided by IPFS that is a P2P-based content-addressed file sharing system that uses cryptographic hashes to store data. As a result, by combining blockchain with IPFS, an efficient file sharing system would be created. This paper presents a comprehensive IPFS architecture, a simplified version of this integrated approach, and potential applications that might assist to maximize the worth of both systems. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Blockchain

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FEDERATED INVERSE PROBABILITY TREATMENT WEIGHTING FOR INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT EFFECT ESTIMATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yin, Changchang Chen, Hong-You Chao, Wei-Lun Zhang, Ping Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Biomedical Informatics Translational Data Analytics Institute The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Individual treatment effect (ITE) estimation is to evaluate the causal effects of treatment strategies on some important outcomes, which is a crucial problem in healthcare. Most existing ITE estimation methods are designed for centralized settings. However, in real-world clinical scenarios, the raw data are usually not shareable among hospitals due to the potential privacy and security risks, which makes the methods not applicable. In this work, we study the ITE estimation task in a federated setting, which allows us to harness the decentralized data from multiple hospitals. Due to the unavoidable confounding bias in the collected data, a model directly learned from it would be inaccurate. One well-known solution is Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting (IPTW), which uses the conditional probability of treatment given the covariates to re-weight each training example. Applying IPTW in a federated setting, however, is non-trivial. We found that even with a well-estimated conditional probability, the local model training step using each hospital’s data alone would still suffer from confounding bias. To address this, we propose FED-IPTW, a novel algorithm to extend IPTW into a federated setting that enforces both global (over all the data) and local (within each hospital) decorrelation between covariates and treatments. We validated our approach on the task of comparing the treatment effects of mechanical ventilation on improving survival probability for patients with breadth difficulties in the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted experiments on both synthetic and real-world eICU datasets and the results show that FED-IPTW outperform state-of-the-art methods on all the metrics on factual prediction and ITE estimation tasks, paving the way for personalized treatment strategy design in mechanical ventilation usage. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Vessels Segmentation in Angiograms Using Convolutional Neural Network: A Deep Learning Based Approach

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 241-255页

作者： Sanjiban Sekhar Roy Ching-Hsien Hsu Akash Samaran Ranjan Goyal Arindam Pande Valentina E.Balas School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung406Taiwan Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology School of Mathematics and Big DataFoshan UniversityFoshan528000China Medica Superspecialty Hospital Kolkata700099India Automation and Applied Informatics Aurel Vlaicu University of AradArad310130Romania

Coronary arterydisease(CAD)has become a significant causeof heart attack,especially amongthose 40yearsoldor *** is a need to develop new technologies andmethods to deal with this *** researchers have proposed image processing-based solutions for CADdiagnosis,but achieving highly accurate results for angiogram segmentation is still a *** different types of angiograms are adopted for CAD *** paper proposes an approach for image segmentation using ConvolutionNeuralNetworks(CNN)for diagnosing coronary artery disease to achieve state-of-the-art *** have collected the 2D X-ray images from the hospital,and the proposed model has been applied to *** augmentation has been performed in this research as it’s the most significant task required to be initiated to increase the dataset’s ***,the images have been enhanced using noise removal techniques before being fed to the CNN model for segmentation to achieve high *** the output,different settings of the network architecture undoubtedly have achieved different accuracy,among which the highest accuracy of the model is 97.61%.Compared with the other models,these results have proven to be superior to this proposed method in achieving state-of-the-art results.

关键词： Angiogram convolution neural network coronary artery disease diagnosis of CAD image segmentation

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Concierge: Towards Accuracy-Driven Bandwidth Allocation for Video Analytics Applications in Edge Network

Concierge: Towards Accuracy-Driven Bandwidth Allocation for ...

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IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing (EDGE)

作者： Yuyang Huang Faishal Zharfan Hendrawan Hendrawan Haryadi S. Gunawi Junchen Jiang Department of Computer Science University of Chicago Chicago USA School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350368499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368505

When performing inference on sensor data, edge video analytics applications may not always need high-fidelity data, since important information may not appear all the time. Consequently, each edge AI application’s bandwidth demand is highly dynamic. Thus, a shared edge system should dynamically allocate more bandwidth to the applications in need to reach high accuracy at each moment. However, previous bandwidth allocators are ill-suited because they are agnostic to the timevarying impact of bandwidth on each application’s *** short paper explores a new accuracy-driven approach to bandwidth allocation, which periodically re-allocates bandwidth across edge AI applications based on the sensitivity of each application’s accuracy to its bandwidth share. To examine its practical benefit and technical challenges, we present a concrete accuracy-driven bandwidth allocator called ConciERGE, which exposes a simple yet efficient interface to estimate each application’s sensitivity to a small change in its bandwidth *** run CONCIERGE on state-of-the-art video-analytics applications with real video streams and show its early promise in greatly improving the inference accuracy of video analytics.

关键词： Accuracy Sensitivity Visual analytics Estimation Bandwidth Edge AI Channel allocation

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Machine Learning based Classification Algorithm for Classification of Dengue (Dengue Fever -DF, Dengue Harmonic Fever -DHF & Serve Dengue -SD) 1

Machine Learning based Classification Algorithm for Classifi...

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1st International Conference on Technologies for Smart Green Connected Society 2021, ICTSGS 2021

作者： Kapoor, Rajeev Ahuja, Sachin Kadyan, Virender Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India Department of Informatics School of Computer Science University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9781607685395

Dengue is becoming a burden for society worldwide and become challenge for the world. The main objective of this research paper is to classify dengue at an early stage. The author has adopted a methodology that is divided into five phases namely Data Collection, Transmission of Raw Data in Structural data format, Data Preprocessing, Model building with Train & Test Datasets and Prediction. Further, the proposed prediction model has been trained with the help of 250 data samples from primary sources namely clinical labs and 1000 data sample in the form of synthetic datasets adopted from 20 research papers. The proposed prediction Model has been tested and validated with the help of comparative study of different machine learning algorithms namely Decision Tree, Logistical Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Naïve Bayes etc. The proposed model has achieved 97.39% accuracy, 0.98 Precision, 0.97 Recall, 0.97 F1 Score, 0.02 MS and 0.14 RMSE. © The Electrochemical Society

关键词： Dengue Prediction Model Machine Learning Prediction Model Vector Borne Disease

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A Systematic Literature Review of XAI-based Approaches on Brain Disease Detection using Brain MRI Images

A Systematic Literature Review of XAI-based Approaches on Br...

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Advanced Research in Computing (ICARC), International Conference on

作者： Savin Madapatha Pumudu Fernando Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Westminster London UK School of Computing Informatics Institute of Technology Colombo Sri Lanka

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis is a widely used medical procedure for the early diagnosis of various brain diseases. Accurate pathology identification during the brain MRI analysis procedure is crucial as misdiagnoses or missed findings can greatly affect a patient's treatment and long-term prediction. With the recent advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field, researchers have approached various techniques to detect brain diseases using AI. Although AI models exhibit high accuracy, they suffer from a lack of transparency and interpretability, paving the way for the development of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods in brain disease diagnosis. Image segmentation, machine learning, deep learning and XAI are important for assisting the diagnostic procedure. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of various existing techniques in brain disease detection using MRI is presented, starting with image segmentation techniques, followed by classification techniques, and finally, XAI techniques. In conclusion, the paper identifies a critical need for further research on XAI integration to advance brain disease detection.

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Privacy-Preserving Utilization of Distribution System Flexibility for Enhanced TSO-DSO Interoperability: A Novel Machine Learning-Based Optimal Power Flow Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dindar, Burak Saner, Can Berk Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117581 Singapore

Due to the transformation of the power system, the effective use of flexibility from the distribution system (DS) is becoming crucial for efficient network management. Leveraging this flexibility requires interoperability among stakeholders, including Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs). However, data privacy concerns among stakeholders present significant challenges for utilizing this flexibility effectively. To address these challenges, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based method in which the technical constraints of the DSs are represented by ML models trained exclusively on non-sensitive data. Using these models, the TSO can solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem and directly determine the dispatch of flexibility-providing units (FPUs)—in our case, distributed generators (DGs)-in a single round of communication. To achieve this, we introduce a novel neural network (NN) architecture specifically designed to efficiently represent the feasible region of the DSs, ensuring computational effectiveness. Furthermore, we incorporate various PQ charts rather than idealized ones, demonstrating that the proposed method is adaptable to a wide range of FPU characteristics. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, we benchmark it against the standard AC-OPF on multiple DSs with meshed connections and multiple points of common coupling (PCCs) with varying voltage magnitudes. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method achieves performant results while prioritizing data privacy. Additionally, since this method directly determines the dispatch of FPUs, it eliminates the need for an additional disaggregation step. By representing the DSs technical constraints through ML models trained exclusively on nonsensitive data, the transfer of sensitive information between stakeholders is prevented. Consequently, even if reverse engineering is applied to these ML models, no sensitive data can be extracted. This allows

关键词： Reverse engineering

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Effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation on depressive symptoms targeting prefrontal cortex in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies:a combined systematic review and meta-analysis

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Psychoradiology 2024年第1期4卷 123-134页

作者： Yao Xiao Shuai Dong Chunyu Pan Huiling Guo Lili Tang Xizhe Zhang Fei Wang Early Intervention Unit Department of PsychiatryAffiliated Nanjing Brain HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029China School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110167China

The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is a critical non-invasive brain stimulation(NIBS)target for treating ***,the alterations of brain activations post-intervention remain inconsistent and the clinical moderators that could improve symptomatic effectiveness are *** study aim was to systematically review the effectiveness of NIBS on depressive symptoms targeting PFC in functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)*** our study,we delivered a combined activation likelihood estimation(ALE)meta-analysis and *** November 2020,three databases(PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE)were searched and 14 studies with a total sample size of 584 were included in the ALE meta-analysis;after NIBS,four clusters in left cerebrum revealed significant activation while two clusters in right cerebrum revealed significant deactivation(P<0.001,cluster size>150 mm3).Eleven studies were statistically reanalyzed for depressive symptoms pre–post active-NIBS and the pooled effect size was very large[(d=1.82,95%CI(1.23,2.40)];significant moderators causing substantial heterogeneity(Chi squared=75.25,P<0.01;I2=87%)were detected through subgroup analysis and univariate *** meta-regression was then conducted accordingly and the model suggested good fitness(Q=42.32,P<0.01).In all,NIBS targeting PFC balanced three core depressive-related neurocognitive networks(the salience network,the default mode network,and the central executive network);the striatum played a central role and might serve as a candidate treatment biomarker;gender difference,treatment-resistant condition,comorbidity,treatment duration,and localization all contributed to moderating depressive symptoms during *** high-quality,multi-center randomized controlled trails delivering personalized NIBS are needed for clinical practice in the future.

关键词： non-invasive brain stimulation prefrontal cortex depressive symptom functional magnetic resonance imaging activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis meta-regression

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