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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Lu, Xiaotian Li, Jiyi Takeuchi, Koh Kashima, Hisashi Department of Intelligence Science and Technology Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Question answering (QA) tasks have been extensively studied in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Answers to open-ended questions are highly diverse and difficult to quantify, and cannot be simply evaluated as correct or incorrect, unlike close-ended questions with definitive answers. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across various tasks, they exhibit relatively weaker performance in evaluating answers to open-ended questions. In this study, we propose a method that leverages LLMs and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess answers to open-ended questions. We utilized LLMs to generate multiple evaluation criteria for a question. Subsequently, answers were subjected to pairwise comparisons under each criterion with LLMs, and scores for each answer were calculated in the AHP. We conducted experiments on four datasets using both ChatGPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4. Our results indicate that our approach more closely aligns with human judgment compared to the four baselines. Additionally, we explored the impact of the number of criteria, variations in models, and differences in datasets on the results. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Cyberbullying Sexism Harassment Identification by Metaheurustics-Tuned eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4997-5027页

作者： Milos Dobrojevic Luka Jovanovic Lepa Babic Miroslav Cajic Tamara Zivkovic Miodrag Zivkovic Suresh Muthusamy Milos Antonijevic Nebojsa Bacanin Technical Faculty Singidunum UniversityBelgrade11000Serbia Informatics and Computing Singidunum UniversityBelgrade11000Serbia Business Economics Singidunum UniversityBelgrade11000Serbia Computing and Informatics Sinergija UniversityBijeljina76300Bosnia and Herzegovina Department for Information Systems and Technologies University“Union Nikola Tesla”Cara DusanaBelgrade11080Serbia Department for Computer Science and Informatics School of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of BelgradeBelgrade11000Serbia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kongu Engineering College(Autonomous)PerunduraiErode638060India Department of Mathematics Saveetha School of Engineering(Deemed to be University)SIMATS ThandalamChennai602105India MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

Cyberbullying is a form of harassment or bullying that takes place online or through digital devices like smartphones,computers,or *** can occur through various channels,such as social media,text messages,online forums,or gaming *** involves using technology to intentionally harm,harass,or intimidate others and may take different forms,including exclusion,doxing,impersonation,harassment,and ***,due to the rapid growth of malicious internet users,this social phenomenon is becoming more frequent,and there is a huge need to address this ***,the main goal of the research proposed in this manuscript is to tackle this emerging challenge.A dataset of sexist harassment on Twitter,containing tweets about the harassment of people on a sexual basis,for natural language processing(NLP),is used for this *** algorithms are used to transform the text into a meaningful representation of numbers for machine learning(ML)input:Term frequency inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)and Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT).The well-known eXtreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)ML model is employed to classify whether certain tweets fall into the category of sexual-based harassment or ***,with the goal of reaching better performance,several XGBoost models were devised conducting hyperparameter tuning by *** this purpose,the recently emerging Coyote optimization algorithm(COA)was modified and adjusted to optimize the XGBoost ***,other cutting-edge metaheuristics approach for this challenge were also implemented,and rigid comparative analysis of the captured classification metrics(accuracy,Cohen kappa score,precision,recall,and F1-score)was ***,the best-generated model was interpreted by Shapley additive explanations(SHAP),and useful insights were gained about the behavioral patterns of people who perform social harassment.

关键词： Coyote optimization algorithm NLP TF-IDF BERT XGBoost online harassment and cyberbullying metaheuristics

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Refining Triplet Sampling for Improved Self-Supervised Representation Learning 32

Refining Triplet Sampling for Improved Self-Supervised Repre...

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32nd Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems, SEBD 2024

作者： Goyo, Manuel Frisoni, Giacomo Moro, Gianluca Sartori, Claudio Department of Informatics Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Valparaíso Chile Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Self-supervised representation learning extracts meaningful features from data without explicit supervision, building a space with desired properties. Contrastive learning has emerged as the predominant approach to clustering similar data points and separating dissimilar ones within the embedding space. Although creating different views of the same data (e.g., cropping, rotation) emphasizes similarities without labels, current methods struggle to define negative examples. Several algorithms only consider positive examples or integrate dissimilarity measures into their loss functions by computing average distances within the same batch. However, they do not capture nuanced differences effectively, risking collapsing data points in a single location. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, termed "Refined Triplet Sampling" (ReTSam), to generate synthetic negative vectors for contrastive learning. Mechanically, for each element in the batch, we identify its k-nearest neighbors and designate the centroid as a hard negative for a triplet loss methodology. We test ReTSam on two widely used image datasets, namely CIFAR-10 and SVHN, considering content-based image retrieval and classification tasks. Our findings demonstrate that, despite its simplicity, ReTSam not only promotes the learning of similarity but also significantly improves that of dissimilarity (with a +5% increase in Mean Average Precision on CIFAR10), resulting in superior performance in practical scenarios. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Plagiarism Detection Application with Modified Enhanced Confix Stripping - Levenshtein Distance Algorithm Analysis 12

Plagiarism Detection Application with Modified Enhanced Conf...

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12th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management, CITSM 2024

作者： Nurhayati Aditya Suryawan, Ida Bagus Wardhani, Luh Kesuma Lee, Kyungoh Suseno, Hendra Bavu Masruroh, Siti Ummi Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Department of Informatics Jakarta Indonesia Sun Moon University Computer Engineering Department Asan-si Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528799

This research is made to continue the research on Implementation of Levensthein Distance Algorithm on Plagiarism Detection. In that research, it is found that the application can calculate the percentage of plagiarism against 2 documents, and it is suggested for further research to include the stemming algorithm to increase the percentage of plagiarism. This study uses the stemming algorithm of Modified Enhanced Confix Stripping (MECS) to prove the suggestion written in previous research. The study was conducted by comparing plagiarism percentage, system usage, running time, and complexity of Levensthein and MECS - Levensthein algorithm. The result of this research is the use of MECS algorithm can reduce running time by 7s, but the percentage decreased by 0,8% and system usage increased by 11,72%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Confix Stripping Distance Levensthein Modified Enhanced Plagiarism Stemming

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Supervised learning applied to electrocardiogram statistical features for the detection of premature ventricular contraction

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-12页

作者： Issa, Khouloud Rammal, Abbas Assaf, Rabih Ghandour, Ahmad Electrical and Communication Engineering Department College of Engineering Phoenicia University Zahrani South Lebanon Statistics and Informatics Department Faculty of Science Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department Faculty of Arts and Sciences Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Department of Mathematics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Jounieh Lebanon Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Lebanon Wardenieh30014 Lebanon

Purpose: The development of an automated premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detection system has significant implications for early intervention and treatment decisions. This study aims to develop a novel approach using various supervised machine learning (ML) methods for detecting PVCs in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. Methodology: To achieve this, we extracted ten distinct statistical and temporal features from 33 long-term ECG recordings from the benchmark MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (MIT-BIH-AD), capturing significant characteristics from the signals. We then investigated the effectiveness of traditional ML algorithms in identifying PVCs based on these features, namely support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), naïve Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and artificial neural network (ANN). Results: Among these classifiers, the SVM, KNN, ANN, and DT classifiers demonstrated exceptional discriminatory power and classification performance, yielding near-perfect area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) values of 97.3%, 95.4%, 95%, and 94.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the SVM classifier emerged as the most accurate, achieving an overall accuracy of 97.39%, indicative of making correct predictions. Conclusion: These findings underscore the generalization of the proposed approach, especially since we worked on an extended dataset encompassing different types of heartbeats to discriminate PVCs from other heartbeat types, not only normal ones, and providing closer alignment with real-world scenarios. Subsequently, the robustness and accuracy of these models highlight their suitability for clinical applications and their potential for efficient implementation and deployment in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as they demand minimal computational resources and time. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： Decision trees

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Early fire danger monitoring system in smart cities using optimization-based deep learning techniques with artificial intelligence

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Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments 2024年第2期10卷 197-210页

作者： Reddy, P. Dileep Kumar Margala, Martin Shankar, S. Siva Chakrabarti, Prasun Telangana Secunderabad India School of Computing and Informatics University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette United States Department of CSE KG Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Telangana Hyderabad501504 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sir Padampat Singhania University Rajasthan Udaipur313601 India

One primary safety concern for smart cities is fire. Traditional techniques are not appropriate because of their high false alarm rates, delayed characteristics, and susceptibility in situations with heritage buildings. Smart cities must develop sophisticated methods to mitigate the severe effects of fires and achieve early fire detection in real time. An artificial intelligence-based recurrent neural network with a whale optimization framework (AI-RNN-WO) was introduced to estimate the risk of fire hazards early on. IoT sensor devices are first deployed in smart cities to continuously monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, smoke, flame, relative humidity, fuel moisture, and duff moisture code. These sensed data are then saved in the cloud storage system Firebase. Then, the sensed dataset is updated to the designed model, which pre-processes the data and extracts relevant features from the dataset. The RNN parameters are tuned using whale optimization, which improves the prediction results and attains better accuracy. The performance of the proposed AI-RNN-WO model is validated using a MATLAB tool, and the performance is compared with existing models. The produced model has demonstrated its effectiveness by attaining the highest accuracy (99.5%) and lowest error rate (0.1%). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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AI-Driven Predictive Analytics for CRM to Enhance Retention Personalization and Decision-Making

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International Journal of Advanced computer Science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 552-563页

作者： Gaidhani, Yashika Ramesh, Janjhyam Venkata Naga Singh, Sanjit Dagar, Reetika Rao, T. Subha Mastan Godla, Sanjiv Rao Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Department of Electronics Engineering Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Maharashtra Nagpur India Department of CSE Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun248002 India Department of CSE Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Department of MBA-Sanjivani College of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India GD Goenka University Haryana Gurugram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aditya University Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has dramatically altered Customer Relationship Management (CRM) by allowing organizations to anticipate customer behavior, customize interactions and automate service delivery. This research introduces an extensive AI-based predictive analytics framework aimed at improving customer engagement, retention and satisfaction using advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies. By using XGBoost for churn prediction and BERT-based models for sentiment analysis, the system efficiently handles both structured and unstructured customer data. The methodology involves sophisticated feature engineering, customer segmentation via K-Means clustering, and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) prediction to aid data-driven business strategies. An NLP-driven chatbot offers real-time, personalized support, response time and improving user experience. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score demonstrate the better performance of the proposed system compared to conventional CRM approaches. This work also addresses important issues such as data privacy compliance, algorithmic bias and explainability of AI decision-making. Ethical deployment and transparency of AI are emphasized for building confidence in automated CRM systems. Future evolution will tackle the use of reinforcement learning to facilitate learning-based interaction schemes and federated learning for trusted, decentralized management of data. This architecture does not only provide better CRM functionality but also builds a platform towards intelligent, responsible and scalable solutions for customer relations across industries. © (2025), (Science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A Comparison of Multi Class Support Vector Machine vs Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor Classification

A Comparison of Multi Class Support Vector Machine vs Deep C...

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2023 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication, iSemantic 2023

作者： Cahyo, Nur Ryan Dwi Sari, Christy Atika Rachmawanto, Eko Hari Jatmoko, Cahaya Al-Jawry, Rabei Raad Ali Alkhafaji, Mohamed Ayad University of Dian Nuswantoro Department of Informatics Engineering Semarang Indonesia University of Dian Nuswantoro Study Program in Informatics Engineering Semarang Indonesia Northern Technical University Department Computer Science Semarang Indonesia Northern Technical University Department of Computer Engineering Technology Mosul Iraq National University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Sciece DhiQar Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339215

Multi SVM has long been one of the popular methods in classification, while DCNN has recently gained significant attention in image processing and pattern recognition. This research evaluates the effectiveness of Multi Class Support Vector Machine (M-SVM) and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) techniques in classifying brain tumors. A dataset of 2660 3D medical images with dimensions 227 x 227 x 3;including Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors, has been partitioned into distinct sets for both training and testing purposes. DCNN approach achieves excellent accuracy in identifying tumor names, with a training accuracy of 97.8% and 100% success rate in 9 experiments. The Multi SVM method demonstrates relatively good accuracy, with training accuracies ranging from 70% to 90% based on different kernel functions. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate methods in brain tumor classification and encourage further exploration of hybrid Multi SVM-DCNN approaches to enhance accuracy and reliability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Comprehensive Survey on GenAI-Enabled 6G: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Research Avenues

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2025年 6卷 4563-4590页

作者： Sheraz, Muhammad Chuah, Teong Chee Tareen, Wajahat Ullah khan Al-Habashna, Ala'a Saeed, Sohail Imran Ahmed, Manzoor Lee, It Ee Guizani, Mohsen Multimedia University Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Selangor Cyberjaya63100 Malaysia University of Jeddah College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Al Hussein Technical University School of Computing and Informatics Amman Jordan Bahria University Department of Computer Engineering Karachi Pakistan School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan432000 China Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G demonstrates a transformative leap in redefining network efficiency, intelligence, and adaptability. However, AI largely leverages discriminative models relying on labelled and quality data, where data accessibility remains serious concern. Generative AI (GenAI) has gained traction due to its immense potential in resolving the issue of data scarcity, complexity, and incompleteness. GenAI models excel in understanding underlying data distributions, enabling them to generate synthetic data that mirrors real-world patterns. GenAI supports adaptive learning and scenario modeling, making it indispensable for addressing the unpredictability and complexity inherent in 6G networks. Since the complexity of wireless communication systems is increasing and the demand for such systems is growing, GenAI presents new ideas for enhancing network performance, increasing system efficiency, and developing intelligent decision-making capabilities. This survey paper investigates the promising role of GenAI in the evolution of 6G networks. An in-depth discussion of notable GenAI models is presented, outlining their application in enhancing key network components. Specifically, the application of GenAI in advanced technologies including reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), digital twins (DTs), and integrated sensing and communications (ISACs) is thoroughly investigated with respect to optimize the adaptability, flexibility, and robustness of the wireless networks. Moreover, use cases of GenAI-enabled wireless networks are presented to highlight the realization of GenAI in 6G. The paper also presents the lessons learned, existing challenges, and future research directions. This paper systematically explores GenAI and its pivotal role in the development of 6G, providing a foundation for researchers to further investigate and advance GenAI-enabled 6G. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Machine Learning-Based Calibration Approaches for Single-Beam and Multiple-Beam Distance Sensors

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第1期24卷 975-983页

作者： Syu, Jia-Hao Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Biernacki, Piotr Ziebinski, Adam National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Distributed Systems and Informatic Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland

Sensors are the foundation to facilitate smart cities, smart grids, and smart transportation, and distance sensors are especially important for sensing the environment and gathering information. Researchers have developed various methods to calibrate distance sensors;however, they mainly focus on using external information for calibration, which is inefficient and computationally expensive. To alleviate the above problems, we propose machine learning (ML)-based calibration approaches for distance sensors. We develop two calibration mechanisms, where the naive mechanism directly predicts the true distance, while the residual mechanism predicts the residual for calibration. The conventional ML regression algorithms are then adopted to predict the true distance or calibration residual. Experimental results show that the designed residual calibration mechanism outperforms the naive mechanism by reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 92.2% and mean absolute error (MAE) by 93.3% in the fitting task. In prediction, the proposed 2-D-residual mechanism achieves an improvement of 78.6% and 65.7% compared to the state-of-the-art method. The experimental results show the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed ML-based calibration method, especially for the 2-D mechanism, which achieves the highest robustness in all fitting and prediction tasks. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Calibration

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