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arXiv 2019年

作者： Jin, Zhuochen Cao, Nan Shi, Yang Tong, Hanghang Wu, Yingcai Intelligent Big Data Visualization Lab Tongji University Shanghai China School of Computing Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University United States College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China

The rapid development of urbanization during the past decades has significantly improved people's lives but also introduced new challenges on effective functional urban planning and transportation management. The functional regions defined based on a static boundary rarely reflect an individual's daily experience of the space in which they live and visit for a variety of purposes. Fortunately, the increasing availability of spatiotemporal data provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding the structure of an urban area in terms of people's activity pattern and how they form the latent regions over time. These ecological regions, where people temporarily share a similar moving behavior during a short period of time, could provide insights into urban planning and smart-city services. However, existing solutions are limited in their capacity of capturing the evolutionary patterns of dynamic latent regions within urban context. In this work, we introduce an interactive visual analysis approach, EcoLens, that allows analysts to progressively explore and analyze the complex dynamic segmentation patterns of a city using traffic data. We propose an extended non-negative Matrix Factorization based algorithm smoothed over both spatial and temporal dimensions to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the city. The algorithm also ensures the orthogonality of its result to facilitate the interpretation of different patterns. A suite of visualizations is designed to illustrate the dynamics of city segmentation and the corresponding interactions are added to support the exploration of the segmentation patterns over time. We evaluate the effectiveness of our system via case studies using a real-world dataset and a qualitative interview with the domain expert. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2020年 12462 LNAI卷 v-vii页

作者： Frasson, Claude Bamidis, Panagiotis Vlamos, Panagiotis Department of Computer Science University of Montreal MontrealQC Canada Lab of Medical Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Informatics Ionian University Corfu Greece

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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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NAACL 2018 tutorial - The interplay between lexical resources and natural language processing

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Camacho-Cosllados, Jose Espinosa-Anke, Luis Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Language Technology Lab University of Cambridge

Incorporating linguistic, world and common sense knowledge into AI/NLP systems is currently an important research area, with several open problems and challenges. At the same time, processing and storing this knowledge in lexical resources is not a straightforward task. This tutorial proposes to address these complementary goals from two methodological perspectives: the use of NLP methods to help the process of constructing and enriching lexical resources and the use of lexical resources for improving NLP applications. Two main types of audience can benefit from this tutorial: those working on language resources who are interested in becoming acquainted with automatic NLP techniques, with the end goal of speeding and/or easing up the process of resource curation;and on the other hand, researchers in NLP who would like to benefit from the knowledge of lexical resources to improve their systems and models. The slides of the tutorial are available at https://***/luisespinosa/lr-nlp/. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Heuristic black-box adversarial attacks on video recognition models

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Wei, Zhipeng Chen, Jingjing Wei, Xingxing Jiang, Linxi Chua, Tat-Seng Zhou, Fengfeng Jiang, Yu-Gang Jilin University Fudan University Beihang University National University of Singapore Health Informatics Lab College of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun Jilin130012 China

We study the problem of attacking video recognition models in the black-box setting, where the model information is unknown and the adversary can only make queries to detect the predicted top-1 class and its probability. Compared with the black-box attack on images, attacking videos is more challenging as the computation cost for searching the adversarial perturbations on a video is much higher due to its high dimensionality. To overcome this challenge, we propose a heuristic black-box attack model that generates adversarial perturbations only on the selected frames and regions. More specifically, a heuristic-based algorithm is proposed to measure the importance of each frame in the video towards generating the adversarial examples. Based on the frames’ importance, the proposed algorithm heuristically searches a subset of frames where the generated adversarial example has strong adversarial attack ability while keeps the perturbations lower than the given bound. Besides, to further boost the attack efficiency, we propose to generate the perturbations only on the salient regions of the selected frames. In this way, the generated perturbations are sparse in both temporal and spatial domains. Experimental results of attacking two mainstream video recognition methods on the UCF-101 dataset and the HMDB-51 dataset demonstrate that the proposed heuristic black-box adversarial attack method can significantly reduce the computation cost and lead to more than 28% reduction in query numbers for the untargeted attack on both datasets. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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Image Evolution Trajectory Prediction and Classification from Baseline using Learning-based Patch Atlas Selection for Early Diagnosis

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gafuroglu, Can Rekik, Islem C. Gafuroglu and I. Rekik are affiliated with BASIRA Lab School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee Dundee UK. I. Rekik is co-affiliated with the Faculty of Computer and Informatics Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

Identifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) earlier beforethe neurodegeneration is too severe and where treatment is not currently available, might aid in preventing AD onset. Specifically, patients initially diagnosed with early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI) are known to be a clinically heterogeneous group with very subtle patterns of brain atrophy. To examine the boarders between normal controls (NC) and eMCI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was extensively used as a non-invasive imaging modality to pin-down subtle changes in brain images of MCI patients. However, despite the large body of research works on MCI/NC and major advances in neuroimaging technologies and brain image analysis and learning methods, eMCI research remains limited by the number of available MRI acquisition timepoints. These can be grouped into (i) single-timepoint and (ii) multi-timepoint (or longitudinal) based MCI diagnosis frameworks. Ideally, one would learn how to classify MCI patients with high accuracy from data acquired at a single timepoint, while leveraging ‘non-existing’ follow-up observations. To this aim, we propose novel supervised and unsupervised frameworks that learn how to jointly predict and label the evolution trajectory of intensity patches, each seeded at a specific brain landmark, from a baseline intensity patch. Specifically, both strategies aim to identify the best training atlas patches at baseline timepoint to predict and classify the evolution trajectory of a given testing baseline patch. The supervised technique learns how to select the best atlas patches by training bidirectional mappings from the space of pairwise patch similarities to their corresponding prediction errors –when one patch was used to predict the other. On the other hand, the unsupervised technique learns a manifold of baseline atlas and testing patches using multiple kernels to well capture patch distributions at multiple scales. Once the best baseline atlas patches are selected, we retrieve their

关键词： Trajectories

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Corrigendum to “DeepQSP: Identification of Quorum Sensing Peptides Through Neural Network Model” [Results in Engineering 24 (2024) 102878]

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Results in Engineering 2024年 24卷

作者： Md. Ashikur Rahman Md. Mamun Ali Kawsar Ahmed Imran Mahmud Francis M. Bui Li Chen Santosh Kumar Mohammad Ali Moni Department of Software Engineering Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Dhaka 1216 Bangladesh Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5A9 Canada Bio-photomatiχ Information and Communication Technology Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Santosh Tangail 1902 Bangladesh Health Informatics Research Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Dhaka 1216 Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh 522302 India AI & Digital Health Technology Artificial Intelligence & Cyber Future Institute Charles Sturt University Bathurst NSW 2795 Australia AI & Digital Health Technology Rural Health Research Institute Charles Sturt University Orange NSW 2800 Australia

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A Survey on Dragonfly Algorithm and its Applications in Engineering

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2020年

作者： Rahman, Chnoor M. Rashid, Tarik A. Alsadoon, Abeer Bacanin, Nebojsa Fattah, Polla Mirjalili, Seyedali Applied Computer Department College of Health and Applied Sciences Charmo University Sulaimany Iraq Science and Engineering Department University of Kurdistan Hewler Erbil Iraq Charles Sturt University Sydney Australia Singidunum University Belgrade Serbia Software and Informatics Engineering Salahaddin University-Erbil- Erbil Iraq Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation Torrens University Adelaide Australia Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of University of Kurdistan Hewler Iraq

The dragonfly algorithm developed in 2016. It is one of the algorithms used by the researchers to optimize an extensive series of uses and applications in various areas. At times, it offers superior performance compared to the most well-known optimization techniques. However, this algorithm faces several difficulties when it is utilized to enhance complex optimization problems. This work addressed the robustness of the method to solve real-world optimization issues, and its deficiency to improve complex optimization problems. This review paper shows a comprehensive investigation of the dragonfly algorithm in the engineering area. First, an overview of the algorithm is discussed. Besides, we also examined the modifications of the algorithm. The merged forms of this algorithm with different techniques and the modifications that have been done to make the algorithm perform better are addressed. Additionally, a survey on applications in the engineering area that used the dragonfly algorithm is offered. The utilized engineering applications are the applications in the field of mechanical engineering problems, electrical engineering problems, optimal parameters, economic load dispatch, and loss reduction. The algorithm is tested and evaluated against particle swarm optimization algorithm and firefly algorithm. To evaluate the ability of the dragonfly algorithm and other participated algorithms a set of traditional benchmarks (TF1-TF23) were utilized. Moreover, to examine the ability of the algorithm to optimize large scale optimization problems CEC-C2019 benchmarks were utilized. A comparison is made between the algorithm and other metaheuristic techniques to show its ability to enhance various problems. The outcomes of the algorithm from the works that utilized the dragonfly algorithm previously and the outcomes of the benchmark test functions proved that in comparison with participated algorithms (GWO, PSO, and GA), the dragonfly algorithm owns an excellent performance,

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Using Virtual Reality Environments to Predict Pedestrian Behaviour

Using Virtual Reality Environments to Predict Pedestrian Beh...

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IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

作者： João Filipe Costa João Jacob Thiago Rúbio Daniel Silva Henrique Lopes Cardoso Sara Ferreira Rui Rodrigues Eugénio Oliveira Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Lab (LIACC) Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) Research Centre for Territory Transport and Environment (CITTA) Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) Department of Informatics Engineering (DEI) Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP)

ISBN: (数字)9781728108469

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108476

Pedestrian behaviour modelling and simulation play a fundamental role in reducing traffic risks and new policies implementation costs. However, representing human behaviour in this dynamic environment is not a trivial task and such models require an accurate representation of pedestrian behaviour. Virtual environments have been gaining notoriety as a behaviour elicitation tool, but it is still necessary to understand the validity of this technique in the context of pedestrian studies, as well as to create guidelines for its use. This work proposes a proper methodology for pedestrian behaviour elicitation using virtual reality environments in conjunction with surveys or questionnaires. The methodology focuses on gathering data about the subject, the context, and the action taken, as well as on analyzing the collected data to finally output a behavioural model. The resulting model can be used as a feedback signal to improve environment conditions for experiment iterations. A concrete implementation was built based on this methodology, serving as an example for future studies. A virtual reality traffic environment and two surveys were used as data sources for pedestrian crossing experiments. The subjects controlled a virtual avatar using an HTC Vive and were asked to traverse the distance between two points in a city. The data collected during the experiment was analyzed and used as input to a machine learning model capable of predicting pedestrian speed, taking into account their actions and perceptions. The proposed methodology allowed for the successful data gathering and its use to predict pedestrian behaviour with fairly acceptable accuracy.

关键词： Solid modeling Task analysis Virtual environments Biological system modeling Computational modeling Measurement

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SemEval 2018 Task 2: Multilingual Emoji Prediction 12

SemEval 2018 Task 2: Multilingual Emoji Prediction

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12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, SemEval 2018, co-located with the 16th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the

作者： Barbieri, Francesco Camacho-Collados, Jose Ronzano, Francesco Espinosa-Anke, Luis Ballesteros, Miguel Basile, Valerio Patti, Viviana Saggion, Horacio Large Scale Text Understanding Systems Lab TALN UPF Barcelona Spain School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University United Kingdom IBM Research United States Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group GRIB IMIM-UPF Barcelona Spain Dipartimento di Informatica University of Turin Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781948087209

This paper describes the results of the first shared task on Multilingual Emoji Prediction, organized as part of SemEval 2018. Given the text of a tweet, the task consists of predicting the most likely emoji to be used along such tweet. Two subtasks were proposed, one for English and one for Spanish, and participants were allowed to submit a system run to one or both subtasks. In total, 49 teams participated in the English subtask and 22 teams submitted a system run to the Spanish subtask. Evaluation was carried out emoji-wise, and the final ranking was based on macro F-Score. Data and further information about this task can be found at https://***/competitions/17344. © 2018 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Forecasting

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