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A lightweight hybrid cryptographic algorithm for WSN security using the Raspberry Pi as a node

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2834卷

作者： Hudhaifa A. Abdulhameed Mahmood F. Mosleh Alhamzah T. Mohammed Ayoob A. Abdulhameed Computer Techniques Engineering Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq College of Businesses Informatics University of Information Technology and Communications Baghdad Iraq

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are susceptible to various attacks due to node deployment in hard and hostile environments. In order to mitigate the impact of those offensives, the security of the data in WSNs depends heavily on cryptographic techniques. As a result, different cryptographic methods ensure network security. Symmetric and asymmetric are the two methods of cryptography. However, there are still some issues. For example, the symmetric method needs more storage to distribute the key to all nodes in the network, while the asymmetric method needs more computation. In this paper, a hybrid cryptographic algorithm is proposed. It combines high security with fast decryption and encryption via the use of symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic methods to minimize memory overhead and computation. It enables the use of three cryptographic objectives: integrity, confidentiality, and authentication. The idea is to encrypt using Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) and Blowfish, ensure integrity using Message Digest 5 (MD5), and authenticate using Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH). A Raspberry Pi and two PCs are used to check the performance of the proposed algorithm. It is better than many other existing algorithms in terms of throughput, ciphertext size, encryption time, and decryption time. By using a Raspberry Pi and a 184,162 B plaintext size, the proposed algorithm achieves a reduction in ciphertext size of 37% when compared to an algorithm named HA, a reduction in encryption time of 88.5% when compared to an algorithm named HCA, a reduction in decryption time of 39.5% when compared to HCA, and boosts the throughput by 866% compared to HCA.

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Design and simulate a new and simple circular polarization antenna for applications in C-band

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2804卷

作者： Haider S. Najim Mahmood F. Mosleh Raed A. Abd-Alhameed Computer Techniques Engineering Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Faculty of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford-Bradford U.K

New and simple circular polarized microstrip antenna design and modeling are discussed in this study. The design is divided into two halves. In the first one, a linear polarized antenna is designed, while the second one comprises a circular polarized antenna design. A simple modification is applied to the linear polarized antenna design to produce circular polarization. The modification is achieved by protruding a horizontal stub toward the center of the square slot in the bottom layer to get less than 3 dB of axial ratio (AR). In this paper, the suggested prototype antenna is 25×25 mm2 in size for each linear and circular polarized antenna design. The simulation findings, such as the return loss or S-parameter, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), AR, gain, and radiation pattern, are observed using the computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio 2020 program. The results for the linearly polarized antenna show that the antenna return loss is smallest than -10dB and achieves an impedance bandwidth of 4.52 to 7.41 GHz, and the AR is greater than 3dB. On the other hand, the circularly polarized antenna return loss is smallest than -10dB and achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.25 to 10 GHz, and the band of the axial ratio is 1.5 GHz from 5.5 to 7 GHz, where the axial ratio is smaller than 3dB. The prototype antenna proposed here is appropriate for C-band applications.

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Comparative Analysis of Laboratory and Radiation Methods of Studies with the Degree of Severity of Patients with COVID-19

Comparative Analysis of Laboratory and Radiation Methods of ...

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Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA), International Conference on

作者： Angelica Kents Aleksandr Zotin Konstantin Simonov X-ray Department Center for Radiation Diagnostics Federal Siberian Research and Clinical Center of FMBA of Russia Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation Department of Informatics and Computer Techniques Candidate of Technical Sciences Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation Department of Computational Mechanics of Deformable Media Doctor of Technical Sciences Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation

The study is devoted to a comparative analysis and retrospective evaluation of laboratory and instrumental data with the severity of lung tissue damage in COVID-19 of patients with COVID-19. An improvement was made in the methodology for interpreting and analyzing dynamic changes associated with COVID-19 on CT images of the lungs. The technique includes the following steps: pre-processing, segmentation with color coding, calculation and evaluation of signs to highlight areas with probable pathology (including combined evaluation of signs). Analysis and interpretation is carried out on the emerging database of patients. At the same time the following indicators are distinguished: the results of the analysis of CT images of the lungs in dynamics; the results of the analysis of clinical and laboratory data (severity course of the disease, temperature, saturation, etc.). The results of laboratory studies are analyzed with an emphasis on the values of the main indicator - interleukin-6. This indicator is a marker of significant and serious changes characterizing the severity of the patient's condition.

关键词： COVID-19 Pathology Temperature distribution Correlation Tissue damage Computed tomography Instruments

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Analysis of Dense Descriptors in 3D Face Recognition

Analysis of Dense Descriptors in 3D Face Recognition

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11th IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, ICSET 2021

作者： Zebari, Dilovan Asaad Abrahim, Araz Rajab Ibrahim, Dheyaa Ahmed Othman, Gheyath M. Ahmed, Falah Y. H. Nawroz University Department of Computer Science Kurdistan Region Duhok42001 Iraq Duhok Polytechnic University Technical College of Informatics Department of Information Technology Iraq Information Technology Collage Imam Ja 'Afar Al-Sadiq University Communications Engineering Techniques Department Baghdad Iraq Management Science University Faculty of Information Sciences Engineering Selangor Shah Alam Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665437660

In the past years, a revolution took place in the world of technology and developed rapidly in all areas, covering various aspects of life. One of the hottest topics that researchers work in is computer vision including artificial intelligence. As it has a great importance, it represents the basics for many applications that are currently used in various sectors. The technology of biometric recognition has progressively developed specially in security for identification purposes. Such technology is face recognition, which uses facial information of humans to recognize people. In this paper 3D (three-dimensional) face recognition approach is proposed by using dense descriptors Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Local Ternary Pattern (LTP), and Gabor with Support Vector Machine (SVM). LTP technique which is a variant and extension of LBP. LBP and LTP have been used for feature information extraction individuality and merging with Gabor from the 3D images, and then the SVM technique is employed to classify and recognize the faces according to extracted features. The database that depended in this work is Three-Dimensional Face Recognition Database (Texas 3DFRD). The accuracy obtained from the proposed model was about 94.9% after many attempts the better one is selected. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines Three-dimensional displays Image resolution Databases Face recognition Merging Feature extraction

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A new filter based-instance selection for high dimensional data classification

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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 158卷

作者： Basma El Mourtji Tayeb Ouaderhman Hasna Chamlal Department of Mathematics and Informatics Mathematics Data Science and Emerging Technologies Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat Hassan I University Morocco Department of Mathematics and Informatics Computer Science and Systems Laboratory (LIS) Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan II University of Casablanca Morocco

Feature ranking is an essential process in data analysis, where the importance or relevance of different features is assessed to identify the most influential ones for predictive modeling or decision-making. In this paper, we introduce a novel and comprehensive method for heterogeneous feature Ranking based on Instance Selection (RIS). RIS addresses the challenges that arise when dealing with high-dimensional datasets, where noisy instances significantly impact the true relevance of each variable, thus affecting the actual ranking of variables. In this work, ”noisy instances” refer to observations that contribute to noise in the data, such as non-informative, redundant, or ambiguous instances that may hinder the learning process or obscure the underlying patterns. To overcome this issue and select a subset of instances, excluding the noisy ones, we employ the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) along with a genetic algorithm-based instance selection technique. By considering the effectiveness of features in both scenarios, we obtain a comprehensive evaluation that captures their true relevance. RIS is evaluated on three simulation scenarios and nine publicly accessible datasets, achieving high average accuracies when calculated using three classifiers: support vector machine, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest. The accuracies achieved by RIS are the highest compared to the state-of-the-art approaches reviewed in this paper. Additionally, RIS selects up to 100% of the relevant features when executed on simulated data, demonstrating its capability in feature selection and data preprocessing within the field of artificial intelligence.

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Real-Time Distributed Service De-Identification And Internet Problem Mitigation

Real-Time Distributed Service De-Identification And Internet...

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Artificial Intelligence of Things (ICAIoT), International Conference on

作者： Zahraa A. Jaaz Inteasar Yaseen Khudhair Hala Shaker Mehdy Jamal Fadhil Tawfeq Ade Ghani Mostafa Satea Alhamdany College of Computing & Informatics Universiti Tenaga Nasional Malaysia Department of Computer AlNahrain University Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Science University of Diyala Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Science Al-Mustansiriya University Baghdad Iraq Department of Medical Instrumentation Technical Engineering Medical Technical College Al-Farahidi University Baghdad Iraq Department of Medical Instrumentation Technical Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University College Babylon Iraq Department of Computer Techniques Engineering AlSafwa University College Karbala Iraq

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are increasing in size, and complexity, and becoming more frequent where volumetric or high-rate attacks are the most prevalent type of DDoS penetrations. Cyber-attack and breaches against the networks of the Internet of Things (IoT) have dire consequences for the data and services that are used in the applications and devices while at the same time increasing the security challenges for its departments due to the increased resources required. A DDoS attack is an endeavor aimed at making a network, online service, or a whole organization unavailable by bombarding to saturate its traffic from multiple sources. The software-defined paradigm has been utilized as an effective mitigation technique for DDoS in IoT. Most researchers and experts have embraced this technique; therefore, in this study, we will present the conventional framework of software-defined detection and mitigation techniques for IoT. Furthermore, we will advance an algorithm for detecting and alleviating DDoS attacks that can be easily interfaced with software-defined frameworks (SD-IOT) for IoT. This algorithm will be based on neural networks for the packet in and out traffic while monitoring for DDoS attacks. The technique was successfully tested and revealed 89.047% accuracy for identifying actual DDoS attack datasets.

关键词： Neural networks Organizations Denial-of-service attack Real-time systems Complexity theory Internet of Things Security

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Energy Preservation in MANET Using Self-Adaptive CH Selection with Advanced Genetic Algorithm

Energy Preservation in MANET Using Self-Adaptive CH Selectio...

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Advanced Engineering and Technologies (ICONNIC), International Conference on

作者： Bonifacius Vicky Indriyono Natalinda Pamungkas Fatima Hashim Abbas Ery Mintorini Mohammed Almohamadi Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Sameer Alani Ahmed H. Alkhayyat Eko Hari Rachmawanto Information System University of Dian Nuswantoro Kediri Indonesia Medical Laboratories Techniques Department Al-Mustaqbal University College Hillah Babil Iraq Visual Communication Design University of Dian Nuswantoro Kediri Indonesia College of Information Technology Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Al-Muthanna Iraq Computer Technology Engineering College of Engineering Technology Al-Kitab University Iraq Medical Laboratories Techniques University of Mashreq Research center Baghdad Iraq College of technical engineering University of Mashreq The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Study Program in Informatics Engineering University of Dian Nuswantoro Semarang Indonesia

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) is an emerging technology in both the industrial and academic research. The major drawback in MANETs is improving the battery capacity. MANETs are dynamic in nature therefore during communication it consumes more energy that reduces the overall energy efficiency of the network. Many past and present researches are concern about this problem. In this paper, Energy Preservation in MANETs using Self-Adaptive Cluster Head Selection with Advanced Genetic Algorithm (EPMSA-CHAG) approach is proposed where the CH selection is performed using two segments; they are initial parameter based on CH selection and Advanced Genetic Algorithm (AGA) based CH selection. At the initial stage the parameters which are considered for the CH selection are node degree, node stability, distance, residual energy, and speed and delivery rate. Using these parameters are the best fit for CH selection is chosen then in order to find the optimal best fit from the best fit calculation, Advanced Genetic Algorithm (AGA). The proposed EPMSA-CHAG approach is simulated using NS2 and the parameters which are considered for the performance analysis are packet delivery rate, energy efficiency, end to end delay, routing overhead and throughput. The methods that are taken for the comparative analysis are HLSPM-CHSR and HAMBO-CHLD. From the results calculated it is proven that the proposed EPMSA-CHAG approach achieved high packet delivery rate, energy efficiency and throughput as well as lower end to end delay and routing overhead when compared with the earlier methods HLSPM-CHSR and HAMBO-CHLD.

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Delay Tolerant and Multipath Reliability for Energy Efficient Heterogeneous VANETs Network

Delay Tolerant and Multipath Reliability for Energy Efficien...

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Advanced Engineering and Technologies (ICONNIC), International Conference on

作者： Zudha Pratama Ichwan Setiarso Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Mohammed Almohamadi Sameer Alani Fatima Hashim Abbas Razan Abdulhammed Ahmed H. Alkhayyat Rabei Raad Ali Informatics Engineering University of Dian Nuswantoro Kediri Indonesia Visual communication design University of Dian Nuswantoro Kediri Indonesia Computer Technology Engineering Al-Kitab University Kirkuk Iraq College of Information Technology Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Al-Muthanna Iraq Research Center University of Mashreq Baghdad Iraq Medical Laboratories Techniques Al-Mustaqbal University College Babil Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Technology Northern Technical University Mosul Iraq College of technical engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq

Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) provide communication among vehicles to build smart cities using Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In this paper, we proposed Delay Tolerant and Multipath Reliability (DTMR) in VANETs. The simulation of the DTMR method is performed using OMNet++ network simulator with Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO). The parameters which are considered for the performance analysis are end-to-end delay, data failure rate, data success rate and throughput. The results show that the DTMR method produces 85ms lower end-to-end delay, 13% lower data failure rate, 93 % higher data success rate and 614 Kbps higher throughput. The proposed DTMR method has better overall performance than the ISFF and VDPR methods.

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Sensor-based authentication in smartphone: A systematic review

Journal of Engineering Research

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Journal of Engineering Research 2025年第2期13卷 741-750页

作者： Moceheb Lazam Shuwandy A.S. Jouda M.A. Ahmed Mahmood M. Salih Z.T. Al-qaysi A.H. Alamoodi Salem Garfan O.S. Albahri B.B. Zaidan A.S. Albahri Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Mathematics Tikrit University (TU) Tikrit Iraq Salahaddin Health Office Ministry of Health Tikrit Iraq MEU Research Unit Middle East University Amman Jordan Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Faculty of Computing and Meta-Technology (FKMT) Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Perak Malaysia Victorian Institute of Technology Australia Computer Techniques Engineering Department Mazaya University College Nasiriyah Iraq SP Jain School of Global Management Lidcombe Sydney NSW 2141 Australia International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu Taiwan ROC Technical College Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Baghdad Iraq Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics (ICCI) Baghdad Iraq

With the widespread usage of smartphones, users not just using their smartphone for calls and messaging only, but they are using it for a variety of purposes such as banking transactions, e-mailing, chatting, online shopping, video conferencing, health monitoring, and many more. Most of these activities store personal and sensitive data of the user on the device, reaching this confidential information by unauthorized person may cause huge losses and bad consequences. Therefore, securing the smartphone’s accessibility from unauthorized people became an extremely essential. With the advanced development in the area of sensor-based smartphone authentication methods, different methods were developed to be easily used by users through specific criteria. However, many aspects haven’t been discovered yet in the area of sensor-based smartphone authentication methods. On the basis of that, this study aims to review the area of sensor-based smartphone authentication methods systematically to provide a comprehensive understanding of this new area and to discuss the current challenges and issues. To conduct this systematic review, four scientific digital databases were utilized; ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Scopus. The total number of studies found was n = 256 articles, only n = 46 articles were included based on our inclusion criteria. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the included studies, taxonomy was drawn. Also, this study provides a discussion on the current motivations, challenges and issues, and recommendations in sensor-based smartphone authentication methods. This review enlightens, encourage, and direct researchers to develop authentication solutions and reduce the current gaps in this area.

关键词： Password Authentication Privacy MHealth Touch Sensor Microphone Sensor

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Energy Efficiency Framework for Time-limited Contention in the IEEE 802.11ah Standard

Energy Efficiency Framework for Time-limited Contention in t...

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IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Hamid Taramit Luis Orozco Barbosa Abdelkrim Haqiq Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Computer Networks Mobility and Modeling laboratory: IR2M Hassan First University Settat Morocco Albacete Research Institute of Informatics Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781665423915

The Restricted Access Window (RAW) mechanism introduced in the IEEE 802.11ah standard aims to address the high channel contention of Internet of Things (IoT) networks. It allows the Access Point (AP) to periodically limit channel access to only one group of stations during a short time interval called RAW slot. Such a time limit prevents the channel access contention from reaching the steady state. Henceforth, we present a renewal theory based analytical model for the time-limited contention within the RAW slot. Furthermore, we construct a counting process to track transmissions within the contention interval and derive closed-form analytical results. As IoT networks are typically composed of battery-powered devices, it is compulsory to manage the energy consumption of the network in order to extend the lifetime of devices. Hence, we analyze and evaluate the energy consumption and energy efficiency during the RAW slot period. Extensive simulations using Matlab software validate the analytical model and prove the effectiveness of our proposals.

关键词： Analytical models Energy consumption Mathematical models Energy efficiency Software Steady-state Proposals

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