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arXiv 2019年

作者： Torres, V. Silva, P. De, E.A.T. Souza Silva, L.A. Bahamon, D.A. Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Av. Litorânea sn RJ24210-340 Brazil MackGraphe Mackenzie Presbyterian University Rua da Consolação 930 SP01302-907 Brazil School of Computing and Informatics Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computing

The valley transport properties of a superlattice of out-of-plane Gaussians deformations are calculated using a Green’s function and a Machine Learning approach. Our results show that periodicity significantly improves the valley filter capabilities of a single Gaussian deformation, these manifest themselves in the conductance as a sequence by valley filter plateaus. We establish that the physical effect behind the observed valley notch filter is the coupling between counter-propagating transverse modes;the complex relationship between the design parameters of the superlattice and the valley filter effect make difficult to estimate in advance the valley filter potentialities of a given superlattice. With this in mind, we show that a Deep Neural Network can be trained to predict valley transmission with a precision similar to the Green’s function but with much less computational effort. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landforms

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Stroke Lesion Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Stroke Lesion Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks

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2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2018

作者： Pereira, Danillo Roberto Filho, Pedro P. Rebouças De Rosa, Gustavo Henrique Papa, João Paulo De Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. Department of Computing São Paulo State University Bauru SP Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará CE Brazil Graduate Program in Applied Informatics University of Fortaleza Fortaleza CE Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509060146

Stroke is an injury that affects the brain tissue, mainly caused by changes in the blood supply to a particular region of the brain. As consequence, some specific functions related to that affected region can be reduced, decreasing the quality of life of the patient. In this work, we deal with the problem of stroke detection in Computed Tomography (CT) images using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) optimized by Particle Swarm optimization (PSO). We considered two different kinds of strokes, ischemic and hemorrhagic, as well as making available a public dataset to foster the research related to stroke detection in the human brain. The dataset comprises three different types of images for each case, i.e., the original CT image, one with the segmented cranium and an additional one with the radiological density's map. The results evidenced that CNN's are suitable to deal with stroke detection, obtaining promising results. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Convolution

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Hierarchical policy learning is sensitive to goal space design

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Dwiel, Zach Candadai, Madhavun Phielipp, Mariano Bansal, Arjun K. Intel AI Lab BloomingtonIN United States Program in Cognitive Science School of Informatics Computing and Engineering BloomingtonIN United States Intel AI Lab PhoenixAZ United States Intel AI Lab San DiegoCA United States

Hierarchy in reinforcement learning agents allows for control at multiple time scales yielding improved sample efficiency, the ability to deal with long time horizons and transferability of sub-policies to tasks outside the training distribution. It is often implemented as a master policy providing goals to a sub-policy. Ideally, we would like the goal-spaces to be learned, however, properties of optimal goal spaces still remain unknown and consequently there is no method yet to learn optimal goal spaces. Motivated by this, we systematically analyze how various modifications to the ground-truth goal-space affect learning in hierarchical models with the aim of identifying important properties of optimal goal spaces. Our results show that, while rotation of ground-truth goal spaces and noise had no effect, having additional unnecessary factors significantly impaired learning in hierarchical models. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Prototype Selection Using Self-Organizing-Maps and Entropy for Overlapped Classes and Imbalanced Data

Prototype Selection Using Self-Organizing-Maps and Entropy f...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks

作者： Marcio Rubbo Leandro A. Silva Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computing Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo SP Brazil Computing and Informatics Faculty & Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computing Mackenzie Presbyterian University Sao Paulo SP Brazil

The k nearest neighbor (kNN) is a traditional supervised classifier used in data mining tasks. However, when used in real applications, mainly in a dataset with class imbalance or class overlap, kNN suffers with problems in accuracy performance. In this paper, we propose three prototype selection methods using self-organizing maps (SOM) and information entropy to increase the effectiveness of the kNN classifier in datasets with these conditions. The methods, named SOMEntropyKnn, were able to increase the effectiveness of the kNN classifier in all the 14 datasets used in the experiment, increasing the accuracy performance from datasets with imbalance or overlap problems.

关键词： Prototypes Entropy Self-organizing feature maps Neurons Training Information entropy Electrical engineering

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Derivative Free Levenberg-Marquardt Method for Solving Fuzzy Nonlinear Equation

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021年第1期1115卷

作者： A U Omesa I M Sulaiman M Mamat M Y Waziri A Shadi M A Zaini Kalfin I Sumiati Department of Mathematics College of Agriculture Zuru Kebbi Nigeria Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Campus Kuala Nerus 22200 Terengganu Malaysia Department of Mathematics Bayero University Kano Nigeria Institute of Engineering Mathematics Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kangar Malaysia Doctor Program of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia Master Program in Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia

In this paper, we present a derivative-free computational method for solving fuzzy nonlinear equation. Derivative-free technique avoids computing the derivative by generating an estimate to the derivative. This is made possible by inserting the estimate of in Levenberg-Marquardt's method. Numerical experiments are carried out which shows that, the method is efficient.

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Valley notch filter in a graphene strain superlattice: Green's function and machine learning approach

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Physical Review B 2019年第20期100卷 205411-205411页

作者： V. Torres P. Silva E. A. T. de Souza L. A. Silva D. A. Bahamon Instituto de Física Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Av. Litorânea sn 24210-340 RJ-Brazil MackGraphe – Graphene and Nano-Materials Research Center Mackenzie Presbyterian University Rua da Consolação 896 01302-907 São Paulo SP Brazil School of Computing and Informatics & Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computing Mackenzie Presbyterian University Rua da Consolação 896 01302-907 São Paulo SP Brazil

The valley transport properties of a superlattice of out-of-plane Gaussian deformations are calculated using a Green's function and a machine learning approach. Our results show that periodicity significantly improves the valley filter capabilities of a single Gaussian deformation; these manifest themselves in the conductance as a sequence by valley filter plateaus. We establish that the physical effect behind the observed valley notch filter is the coupling between counterpropagating transverse modes; the complex relationship between the design parameters of the superlattice and the valley filter effect make it difficult to estimate in advance the valley filter potentialities of a given superlattice. With this in mind, we show that a deep neural network can be trained to predict valley polarization with a precision similar to the Green's function but with much less computational effort.

关键词： Ballistic transport Quantum transport Strain Graphene Landauer formula Machine learning Tight-binding model

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The EMPOWER blended digital intervention for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial in Scotland and Australia

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The Lancet Psychiatry 2022年第6期9卷 477-486页

作者： Gumley, Andrew I Bradstreet, Simon Ainsworth, John Allan, Stephanie Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario Aucott, Lorna Birchwood, Maximillian Briggs, Andrew Bucci, Sandra Cotton, Sue M Engel, Lidia French, Paul Lederman, Reeva Lewis, Shôn Machin, Matthew MacLennan, Graeme McLeod, Hamish McMeekin, Nicola Mihalopoulos, Cathy Morton, Emma Norrie, John Schwannauer, Matthias Singh, Swaran P Sundram, Suresh Thompson, Andrew Williams, Chris Yung, Alison R Farhall, John Gleeson, John Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom Division of Psychology and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Orygen Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia School of Computing and Information Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT) University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Warwick United Kingdom Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester United Kingdom School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychiatry School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia School of Medicine Deakin University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychiatry Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada The Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom School for Health in Social Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Mental Health Program Monash Health Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychology and Counselling La Trobe University Melbourne VIC Australia NorthWestern Mental Health The Royal Melbourne Hospital Epping VIC Australia Healthy Brain and Mi

Background: Early warning signs monitoring by service users with schizophrenia has shown promise in preventing relapse but the quality of evidence is low. We aimed to establish the feasibility of undertaking a definitive randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a blended digital intervention for relapse prevention in schizophrenia. Methods: This multicentre, feasibility, cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to compare Early signs Monitoring to Prevent relapse in psychosis and prOmote Well-being, Engagement, and Recovery (EMPOWER) with treatment as usual in community mental health services (CMHS) in Glasgow and Melbourne. CMHS were the unit of randomisation, selected on the basis of those that probably had five or more care coordinators willing to participate. Participants were eligible if they were older than 16 years, had a schizophrenia or related diagnosis confirmed via case records, were able to provide informed consent, had contact with CMHS, and had had a relapse within the previous 2 years. Participants were randomised within stratified clusters to EMPOWER or to continue their usual approach to care. EMPOWER blended a smartphone for active monitoring of early warning signs with peer support to promote self-management and clinical triage to promote access to relapse prevention. Main outcomes were feasibility, acceptability, usability, and safety, which was assessed through face-to-face interviews. App usage was assessed via the smartphone and self-report. Primary end point was 12 months. Participants, research assistants and other team members involved in delivering the intervention were not masked to treatment conditions. Assessment of relapse was done by an independent adjudication panel masked to randomisation group. The study is registered at ISRCTN (99559262). Findings: We identified and randomised eight CMHS (six in Glasgow and two in Melbourne) comprising 47 care coordinators. We recruited 86 service users between Jan 19 and Au

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Computer Modelling of the Information Properties of Hyper Chaotic Lorenz System and Its Application in Secure Communication System

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1764卷

作者： Volodymyr Rusyn Mujiarto Mustafa Mamat Firmansyah Azharul W. S. Mada Sanjaya Aceng Sambas Estiyan Dwipriyoko Akhmad Sutoni Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University Kotsybynsky str. 2 Chernivtsi 58012 Ukraine. Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya Indonesia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Cileungsi Indonesia Department of Physics Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Indonesia Informatics Study Program Universitas Langlangbuana Bandung Indonesia Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Suryakancana Cianjur Indonesia

This paper presents computer modeling, analysis and research of the hyper-chaotic Lorenz system based on programming interface that has been developed in LabView software environment. This study allows for generating and research of the main information properties of hyper-chaotic Lorenz system, focusing on time distribution of the four chaotic coordinates, phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents. The programming interface demonstrates the algorithm of masking and decrypt of the information carrier.

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Position: Bayesian deep learning is needed in the age of large-scale AI 24

Position: Bayesian deep learning is needed in the age of lar...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Theodore Papamarkou Maria Skoularidou Konstantina Palla Laurence Aitchison Julyan Arbel David Dunson Maurizio Filippone Vincent Fortuin Philipp Hennig José Miguel Hernández-Lobato Aliaksandr Hubin Alexander Immer Theofanis Karaletsos Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan Agustinus Kristiadi Yingzhen Li Stephan Mandt Christopher Nemeth Michael A. Osborne Tim G. J. Rudner David Rügamer Yee Whye Teh Max Welling Andrew Gordon Wilson Ruqi Zhang Department of Mathematics The University of Manchester Manchester UK Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Spotify London UK Computational Neuroscience Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK Centre Inria de l'Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Statistical Science Duke University Statistics Program KAUST Saudi Arabia Helmholtz AI Munich Germany and Department of Computer Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany and Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Tübingen AI Center University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Mathematics University of Oslo Oslo Norway and Bioinformatics and Applied Statistics Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland Chan Zuckerberg Initiative California Center for Advanced Intelligence Project RIKEN Tokyo Japan Vector Institute Toronto Canada Department of Computing Imperial College London London UK Department of Computer Science UC Irvine Irvine Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancaster UK Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK Center for Data Science New York University New York Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany and Department of Statistics LMU Munich Munich Germany DeepMind London UK and Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Data Science Computer Science Department New York University New York Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette

In the current landscape of deep learning research, there is a predominant emphasis on achieving high predictive accuracy in supervised tasks involving large image and language datasets. However, a broader perspective reveals a multitude of overlooked metrics, tasks, and data types, such as uncertainty, active and continual learning, and scientific data, that demand attention. Bayesian deep learning (BDL) constitutes a promising avenue, offering advantages across these diverse settings. This paper posits that BDL can elevate the capabilities of deep learning. It revisits the strengths of BDL, acknowledges existing challenges, and highlights some exciting research avenues aimed at addressing these obstacles. Looking ahead, the discussion focuses on possible ways to combine large-scale foundation models with BDL to unlock their full potential.

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Automating the Practice of Science – Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Musslick, Sebastian Bartlett, Laura K. Chandramouli, Suyog H. Dubova, Marina Gobet, Fernand Griffiths, Thomas L. Hullman, Jessica King, Ross D. Nathan Kutz, J. Lucas, Christopher G. Mahesh, Suhas Pestilli, Franco Sloman, Sabina J. Holmes, William R. Institute of Cognitive Science Osnabrück University Osnabrück49090 Germany Department of Cognitive Linguistic & Psychological Sciences Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science London School of Economics Lakatos Building Houghton Street LondonWC2A 2AE United Kingdom AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computing Science University of Alberta 8900 114 St NW EdmontonABT6G 2S4 Canada Cognitive Science Program Indiana University 1101 E 10th St BloomingtonIN47405 United States School of Psychology University of Roehampton LondonSW15 4JD United Kingdom Departments of Psychology and Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Computer Science Northwestern University IL United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Department of Applied Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle98195 United States School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton St. EH8 9AB United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Canada Department of Psychology Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas AustinTX United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: Where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?;What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?;and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice. © 2024, CC BY.

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