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Proton acceleration in thermonuclear nova explosions revealed by gamma rays (Apr, 10.1038/s41550-022-01640-z, 2022)

NATURE ASTRONOMY 2022年第6期6卷 760-760页

作者： Acciari, V. A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L. A. Engels, A. Arbet Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babic, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J. A. Batkovic, I. Gonzalez, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bokenkamp, H. Bonnoli, G. Bosnjak, Z. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S. M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J. L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Espineira, E. Do Souto Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Ramazani, V. Fallah Alonso, L. Farina Fattorini, A. Fonseca, M. V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Lopez, R. J. Garcia Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, J. G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hutten, M. Inada, T. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Martinez, I. Jimenez Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. Lopez-Coto, R. Lopez-Moya, M. Lopez-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martinez, M. Aguilar, A. Mas Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J. M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Nakamori, T. Nava, L. Neustroev, V. Rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J. M. Pavletic, L. Penil, P. Persic, M. Pihet, M. Moroni, P. G. Prada Prandini, E. Priyadarshi, C. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribo, M. Rico, Universidad de La Laguna Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica La Laguna Spain (GRID:grid.10041.34) (ISNI:***) Università di Udine and INFN Trieste Udine Italy (GRID:grid.5390.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2113 062X) International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics (ICRA) Rome Italy (GRID:grid.5390.f) National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) Rome Italy (GRID:grid.4293.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1792 8585) Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Munich Germany (GRID:grid.435824.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2375 0603) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Spain (GRID:grid.473715.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 6475 7299) Japanese MAGIC Group: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X) Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany (GRID:grid.5675.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0416 9637) Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER) Zagreb Croatia (GRID:grid.4808.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0657 4636) Universidad Complutense de Madrid IPARCOS Institute and EMFTEL Department Madrid Spain (GRID:grid.4795.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 7667) Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) Rio de Janeiro Brazil (GRID:grid.418228.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 0643 8134) Università di Padova and INFN Padua Italy (GRID:grid.5608.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 3470) University of Lodz Department of Astrophysics Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Lodz Poland (GRID:grid.10789.37) (ISNI:0000 0000 9730 2769) Università di Siena and INFN Pisa Siena Italy (GRID:grid.9024.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 4641) Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Zeuthen Germany (GRID:grid.7683.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0492 0453) ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland (GRID:grid.5801.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2156 2780) Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Granada Spain (GRID:grid.450285.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1793 7043) Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa Pisa Italy (GRID:grid.5395.

Classical novae are cataclysmic binary star systems in which the matter of a companion star is accreted on a white dwarf1,2. Accumulation of hydrogen in a layer eventually causes a thermonuclear explosion on the surface of the white dwarf3, brightening the white dwarf to ~105 solar luminosities and triggering ejection of the accumulated matter. Novae provide the extreme conditions required to accelerate particles, electrons or protons, to high energies. Here we present the detection of gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes from the 2021 outburst of RS Ophiuchi, a recurrent nova with a red giant companion, which allowed us to accurately characterize the emission from a nova in the 60 GeV to 250 GeV energy range. The theoretical interpretation of the combined Fermi LAT and MAGIC data suggests that protons are accelerated to hundreds of gigaelectronvolts in the nova shock. Such protons should create bubbles of enhanced cosmic ray density, of the order of 10 pc, from the recurrent *** of the 2021 outburst of the nova RS Oph in very-high-energy gamma rays by the MAGIC telescopes is reported. Investigation of the gamma-ray emission provides evidence for acceleration of protons within the nova shock, which then propagate outwards to create bubbles of enhanced cosmic ray density.

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Getting in Touch: How imagined, actual, and physical contact affect evaluations of robots

Getting in Touch: How imagined, actual, and physical contact...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Ricarda Wullenkord Marlena R. Fraune Friederike Eyssel Selma Šabanović CITEC Bielefeld University Germany Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Cognitive Science Program Indiana University Bloomington USA Professor at Bielefeld University Gender and Emotion in Cognitive Interaction Technology work group at CITEC Assistant Professor in the School of Informatics and Computing Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University Bloomington

Although it is widely accepted that robots will be used in everyday contexts in near future, many people feel anxious and hold negative attitudes toward robots. This negative reaction might be stronger when users come into direct physical contact with them, particularly when touch is required between robots and humans, (e.g., when using robots as assistants to help elderly people at home). Intergroup contact research in social psychology has proposed various forms of contact as a means to reduce negative feelings toward outgroup members. The present study examined how Contact Type (Actual vs. Imagined) and Contact Modality (Look vs. Touch) with a NAO robot would impact attitudes toward NAO compared to a no-contact control condition. Results showed that nearly any type of contact effectively reduced negative emotions compared to the control condition. However, for participants with preexisting negative emotions toward robots, contact sometimes produced more negative attitudes. We discuss these findings and the resulting implications for future research.

关键词： Robots Integrated circuits Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements Context Psychology

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CHI 2017 Stories overview

CHI 2017 Stories overview

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2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in computing Systems, CHI EA 2017

作者： Robertson, Scott P. Andalibi, Nazanin Diakopoulos, Nicholas Forte, Andrea Maruyama, Misa Ahmed, Nova Benko, Hrvoje Dray, Susan Fitzpatrick, Geraldine Habib, Rubaiat Hartmann, Björn Holtzblatt, Karen Rosenzweig, Elizabeth Srinivas, Preethi Zytko, Doug Information and Computer Sciences Department University of Hawaii HonoluluHI96822 United States College of Computing and Informatics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States College of Journalism University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Communication and Information Sciences Program University of Hawaii HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South University Dhaka Bangladesh Microsoft Research RedmondWA98052 United States Dray and Assoct. MinneapolisMN55408 United States Institute of Design and Assessment of Technology Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria Autodesk Research TorontoON Canada Jacobs Institute for Design Innovation University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States CEO InContext Enterprises Silver SpringMD20901 United States Bentley University WalthamMA02452 United States Regenstrief Institute IndianapolisIN46202 United States New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States

CHI Stories is a new venue introduced at CHI 2017. A diverse set of storytellers describe personal experiences that shaped who they are and how they came to the field of Human-Computer Interaction. Copyright © 20... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781450346566

关键词： Human computer interaction

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A charge-redistribution based controller for keeping charge balance in neural stimulation 58

A charge-redistribution based controller for keeping charge ...

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58th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MWSCAS 2015

作者： Teixeira, Lucas Rodrigues, Cesar Prior, Cesar Graduate Program in Informatics Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil Dept.of Electronics and Computing - CT Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467365574

In this article, we present a circuit solution for sensing and controlling functional electrical stimulation (FES) currents. The objective is to keep both charge balance and residual electrode voltage under a safe limit throughout stimulation. In the proposed circuit, the stimulation current is set through an ultra-low-power charge-redistribution digital-to-analog converter (CR-DAC). Each stimulation pulse is copied by high-ratio current mirror into switched capacitors which integrate the residual direct current (DC) resulting from FES imbalances. As residual electrode voltage may buildup even for perfectly balanced current pulses, alternated cathodic-first and anodic-first stimulation is adopted to complement the charge-balancing mechanism. Simulation results suggest that the circuit is able to keep both residual charge and electrode voltage under safe limits, smaller than 0.05% and 64 mV respectively. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Low power electronics

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Region-based fault-tolerant distributed file storage system design in networks

Region-based fault-tolerant distributed file storage system ...

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作者： Sen, Arunabha Mazumder, Anisha Banerjee, Sujogya Das, Arun Zhou, Chenyang Shirazipourazad, Shahrzad Computer Science and Engineering Program School of Computing Informatics and Decision System Engineering Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States

Distributed storage of data files in different nodes of a network enhances its fault tolerance capability by offering protection against node and link failures. Reliability is often achieved through redundancy in one of the following two ways: (i) storage of multiple copies of the entire file at different locations (nodes) or (ii) storage of file segments (not entire files) at different node locations. In the (N, K) file distribution scheme, N file segments from a file F are created in such a way that it is possible to reconstruct the entire file, just by accessing any K ≤ N segments. For the reconstruction scheme to work, it is essential that the K segments of the file are stored in nodes that are connected in the network. However, in the event of node/link failures, the network might become disconnected (i.e., split into several connected components). We focus on node failures that are spatially correlated or region based. Such failures are often encountered in disaster situations or natural calamities where only the nodes in the disaster zone are affected. The first goal of this research is to design a least cost file storage scheme to ensure that no matter which region is destroyed;resulting in fragmentation of the network, a largest connected component of the residual network will have enough file segments with which to reconstruct the entire file. In case the least cost to ensure this objective is within the allocated budget, the storage design will be all region fault-tolerant (ARFT). In case the least cost exceeds the allocated budget, design of an ARFT file storage system design is impossible. The second goal of this research is to design file storage schemes that will be maximum region fault-tolerant within the allocated budget. The third goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the coding parameters N and K on storage requirements for ensuring all region or \textit{maximum region} fault-tolerant design. We provide maximum region fault-toleran

关键词： Approximation algorithms

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Initial BIBFRAME 2.0 Modeling for the Library Information Spotlight “Opera Planet”

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Journal of Library Metadata 2016年第3-4期16卷 202-227页

作者： Xu, Amanda Singh, Abhishek Ramamurthy, Anusha Xu, Changhui Abdelraouf, Mostafa M. Ding, Ying University of Iowa Libraries Iowa City IA United States School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington IN United States Computer Science University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States

The library linked data environment promises to meet libraries' needs for agility in content delivery and user engagement on the Web. This project chose BIBFRAME 2.0 to demonstrate the purpose by covering the initial BIBFRAME 2.0 modeling and conversion of the sample bibliographic data in Opera Planet, a collection of opera librettos, scores, videos, sound recordings, streaming media, and so forth. The project also developed a proof-of-concept demo site for linked library data application for content enhancement and visualization using various tools, particularly the MARC to BIBFRAME Transformation Service, RDF Translator, AngularJS 2.0, and external open linked data. © 2016, Published with license by Taylor & Francis.

关键词： angularjs2 BIBFRAME 2.0 model and vocabulary linked open data MARC21 metadata conversion visualization

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Modularity and the spread of perturbations in complex dynamical systems

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Physical Review E 2015年第6期92卷 060801(R)-060801(R)页

作者： Artemy Kolchinsky Alexander J. Gates Luis M. Rocha School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47408 USA Program in Cognitive Science Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47408 USA Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Rua da Quinta Grande 6 2780-156 Oeiras Portugal

We propose a method to decompose dynamical systems based on the idea that modules constrain the spread of perturbations. We find partitions of system variables that maximize “perturbation modularity,” defined as the autocovariance of coarse-grained perturbed trajectories. The measure effectively separates the fast intramodular from the slow intermodular dynamics of perturbation spreading (in this respect, it is a generalization of the “Markov stability” method of network community detection). Our approach captures variation of modular organization across different system states, time scales, and in response to different kinds of perturbations: aspects of modularity which are all relevant to real-world dynamical systems. It offers a principled alternative to detecting communities in networks of statistical dependencies between system variables (e.g., “relevance networks” or “functional networks”). Using coupled logistic maps, we demonstrate that the method uncovers hierarchical modular organization planted in a system's coupling matrix. Additionally, in homogeneously coupled map lattices, it identifies the presence of self-organized modularity that depends on the initial state, dynamical parameters, and type of perturbations. Our approach offers a powerful tool for exploring the modular organization of complex dynamical systems.

关键词： DYNAMICAL systems RESEARCH ECOLOGICAL disturbances TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics) LOGISTIC maps (Mathematics) PARTITIONS (Mathematics)

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Forecasting: theory and practice

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Petropoulos, Fotios Apiletti, Daniele Assimakopoulos, Vassilios Babai, Mohamed Zied Barrow, Devon K. Taieb, Souhaib Ben Bergmeir, Christoph Bessa, Ricardo J. Bijak, Jakub Boylan, John E. Browell, Jethro Carnevale, Claudio Castle, Jennifer L. Cirillo, Pasquale Clements, Michael P. Cordeiro, Clara Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Cyrino de Baets, Shari Dokumentov, Alexander Ellison, Joanne Fiszeder, Piotr Franses, Philip Hans Frazier, David T. Gilliland, Michael Gönül, M. Sinan Goodwin, Paul Grossi, Luigi Grushka-Cockayne, Yael Guidolin, Mariangela Guidolin, Massimo Gunter, Ulrich Guo, Xiaojia Guseo, Renato Harvey, Nigel Hendry, David F. Hollyman, Ross Januschowski, Tim Jeon, Jooyoung Jose, Victor Richmond R. Kang, Yanfei Koehler, Anne B. Kolassa, Stephan Kourentzes, Nikolaos Leva, Sonia Li, Feng Litsiou, Konstantia Makridakis, Spyros Martin, Gael M. Martinez, Andrew B. Meeran, Sheik Modis, Theodore Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos Önkal, Dilek Paccagnini, Alessia Panagiotelis, Anastasios Panapakidis, Ioannis Pavía, Jose M. Pedio, Manuela Pedregal, Diego J. Pinson, Pierre Ramos, Patrícia Rapach, David E. Reade, J. James Rostami-Tabar, Bahman Rubaszek, Michal Sermpinis, Georgios Shang, Han Lin Spiliotis, Evangelos Syntetos, Aris A. Talagala, Priyanga Dilini Talagala, Thiyanga S. Tashman, Len Thomakos, Dimitrios Thorarinsdottir, Thordis Todini, Ezio Arenas, Juan Ramón Trapero Wang, Xiaoqian Winkler, Robert L. Yusupova, Alisa Ziel, Florian School of Management University of Bath United Kingdom Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy Forecasting and Strategy Unit School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Kedge Business School France Department of Management Birmingham Business School University of Birmingham United Kingdom Belgium Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Melbourne Australia INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science Porto Portugal Department of Social Statistics and Demography University of Southampton United Kingdom Centre for Marketing Analytics and Forecasting Lancaster University Management School Lancaster University United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia Italy Magdalen College University of Oxford United Kingdom ZHAW School of Management and Law Zurich University of Applied Sciences Switzerland ICMA Centre Henley Business School University of Reading United Kingdom Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade do Algarve Portugal CEAUL Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Portugal Brazil Department of Business Informatics and Operations Management Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Universiteit Gent Belgium Let’s Forecast Australia Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Poland Econometric Institute Erasmus School of Economics Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics Monash University Melbourne Australia SAS United States Newcastle Business School Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Department of Statistical Sciences University of Padua Italy Darden School of Business University of Virginia United States Finance Department Bocconi University Baffi-CAREFIN Centre Milan Italy Department of Tourism and Service Management MODUL Un

Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Bioinformatics curriculum development and skill sets for bioinformaticians

Bioinformatics curriculum development and skill sets for bio...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： Huanmei Wu Amritha Palani Bioinformatics Program School of Informatics and Computing Indianapolis IN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479984558

The rapid advancement in biological data acquisition technologies has led to massive biological datasets, which requires the development and application of computational methods to analyze and interpret the information. Bioinformatics is the confluence of biology, computer science, and information technology. The Bioinformatics programs are offered by more than 100 universities in the United States, and much more worldwide. Different degree (including BS, MS, and PhD), and certificate programs in Bioinformatics have been performed. The current bioinformatics programs in the US have been studied, regarding their curriculum, program competencies, sizes of the faculty, and student enrollments. The job market is also explored for bioinformatics professional training and career planning. The bioinformatics skill requirements are analyzed. Systematical analysis is carried out by integrating the core competences and curriculum improvements in bioinformatics. The potential employers for bioinformatics professionals are analyzed according to the properties of the companies, such as the sizes, the focus areas, the locations, the skill requirements, and other information. The results provide guidance for bioinformatics curriculum development, such as the minimized courses to cover the basic required skill sets for a bioinformatics student to be a successful bioinformatician. In addition, the analytical results are applied to the redesign of the curriculum in our bioinformatics program which offers MS, PhD, and PhD Minor. In summary, the systematic study of the existing bioinformatics programs in the US and the current market needs for professionals in bioinformatics provide great insight for education in bioinformatics. It helps the curriculum development and reexamination. It also provides the students with the required knowledge for their future career.

关键词： Bioinformatics Computer science Training informatics Engineering profession Genomics

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DiSCUS: A simulation platform for conjugation computing 1

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14th International Conference on Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, UCNC 2015

作者： Goñi-Moreno, Angel Amos, Martyn Systems Biology Program Centro Nacional de Biotecnología Madrid Spain Informatics Research Centre School of Computing Mathematics and Digital Technology Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9783319218199

ISBN: (纸本)9783319218182

In bacterial populations, cells are able to cooperate in order to yield complex collective functionalities. Interest in population-level cellular behaviour is increasing, due to both our expanding knowledge of the underlying biological principles, and the growing range of possible applications for engineered microbial consortia. The ability of cells to interact through small signalling molecules (a mechanism known as quorum sensing) is the basis for the majority of existing engineered systems. However, horizontal gene transfer (or conjugation) offers the possibility of cells exchanging messages (using DNA) that are much more information-rich. The potential of engineering this conjugation mechanism to suit specific goals will guide future developments in this area. Motivated by a lack of computational models for examining the specific dynamics of conjugation, we present a simulation framework for its further study. (This paper was first presented at the Spatial computing Workshop of the 13th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), Paris, France, May 5–9 2014. There were no published proceedings). © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

关键词： Autonomous agents

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