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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第6期94卷 31-38页

作者： OHARA, F SCHMIDT, AW Frank O'Hara:earned a B.A. in Philosophy from Chapman College in Orange California a M.S. in International Affairs from the George Washington University in Washington D.C. and attended the Naval War College. He is presently employed as a Senior Staff Advisor to Native American Consultants Inc. in Washington D.C. He served as a Marine Corps Aviator from 1942–1966 was awarded three Distinguished Flying Crosses and eight Air Medals during World War II and the Korean War and retired as a LCol. He is a member of the Marine Corps Aviation Association the Marine Corps Association and the American Society of Naval Engineers. Since retiring from the Marine Corps he has been engaged in Naval Analysis and Engineering as part of a contractor team and as an independent consultant. In 1978 he co-authored a Technical Paper “From Operational Needs to Notional Ships — A New Look.” The paper was presented at the Association of Scientists and Engineers Technical Symposium. Arthur W. Schmidt:received his B.S. in 1948 from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture his M.S. in Mathematics from Adelphi College in 1958 and an M.P.A. from the American University in 1970. Mr. Schmidt retired from Naval Sea Systems Command in 1980. While there he worked for twelve years in preliminary design and for twenty years in R&D management. After leaving NAVSEA Mr. Schmidt went to work for Gibbs & Cox Inc. where he is still employed today working on survivability CONFORM and ship cost models Mr. Schmidt has presented three papers at ASE technical symposia and has contributed a chapter to a book on technological forecasting. He is a past program chairman of the District of Columbia Society of Professional Engineers and a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers the American Society of Naval Engineers the American Society of Engineering and Armed Services Technical Information Agency.

It is the aim of the authors to propose improved ship and ship subsystem acquisition by the adoption of a simple routine management system which has for its focus, the initial planning phase. The proposed management system follows the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget Circular A-109 and the Chief of Naval Operations. A clear articulation of operational needs aids the task of prioritizing resource allocations and also promotes earlier integration of ship and subsystem design and development schedules. More precise resource allocation and earlier integration should decrease acquisition time and increase ship subsystem capabilities. The worth of the proposed concept has been demonstrated by a pilot program and can readily be implemented within the constraints of the current Planning, programming, and Budget System.

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Overview of an arithmetic design system

Overview of an arithmetic design system

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DAC 1981 - the 18th Design Automation Conference

作者： Atkins, D.E. Liu, W. Ong, S. Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

This paper describes an evolving Arithmetic Design System (ADS) to support the quantitative evaluation of alternate number systems with respect to a given application and realization technology. A finite number system is a tuple consisting of a symbol set (elements are called "digit-vectors"), an interpretation set, a mapping between these two sets, and a set of operators ("digit-vector algorithms") defined on the symbol set. A set of these digit vector algorithms are proposed for conducting arithmetic design and for computing time and space complexity of compositions of these algorithms. Once a transition has been made from arithmetic design to logic design, a sub-system of the ADS provides a estimate of time and space complexity with respect to a PLA-base of implementation. © Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Numbering systems

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Towards quantitative comparison of computer number systems

Towards quantitative comparison of computer number systems

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Computer Arithmetic (ARITH)

作者： S. Ong D. E. Atkins Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

This paper describes an evolving Arithmetic Design System (ADS) to support the quantitative evaluation of alternate number systems with respect to a given application and realization technology. In computer arithmetic we are concerned with establishing a correspondence between abstract quantities (numbers) and some physical representation (symbols), and with simulating the operations on these symbols. The ADS is intended to help study the cost and performance of alternate simulations. A finite number system is a triple consisting of a symbol set (elements are called "digit-vectors"), an interpretation set, a mapping between these two sets, and a set of operators (digit-vector algorithms) defined on its symbol set. A set of these digit vector algorithms are proposed for conducting arithmetic design. A number system matrix defines the digit vector algorithm for numerous number systems and a method for computing time and space complexity of compositions of these algorithms is proposed. An example of how the system could be used to compare addition, with and without overflow detection, for three number systems is given.

关键词： Vectors Complexity theory Computers Algorithm design and analysis Finite element methods Hardware Digital arithmetic

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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Time-Component Complexity of Two Approaches to Multioperand Binary Addition

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IEEE Transactions on Computers 1979年第12期C-28卷 918-926页

作者： Atkins, Daniel E. Ong, Shau-Chi Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering the Systems Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

Component and time complexity measures in terms of number of gates and gate delays, respectively, are derived for two multioperand adder structures: a tree of carry-save adders and a tree of carry-lookahead adders. The parameters of the complexity measures are operand length, number of operands, and maximum fanin to the gates. The analysis involves a constructive derivation of the complexity of carry-lookahead networks including optimization by removal of redundant paths. An alternate measure of component complexity, number of packages with a given number of pinouts, rather than number of gates, is also presented. The general conclusion of the paper is that, under the assumptions made, for a large set of design parameters, the carry-save adder structure requires both less time and fewer components than the functionally equivalent carry-lookahead adder structure. Copyright © 1979 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： binary addition carry-lookahead adder carry-save adder Index Terms-Adder tree multioperand addition time-component complexity

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SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM - NEW CONCEPT FOR WARSHIP ELECTRONIC SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第4期91卷 51-61页

作者： WAPNER, M THE AUTHOR graduated from the City College of the City University of New York from which he received both his Bachelor and Masters degrees in Electrical Engineering. He joined the Naval Applied Science Laboratory in 1961 where he served as Project Engineer for Ships Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) and related equipments. Since 1967 he has been employed by the Naval Sea Systems Command (formerly NAVSHIPS) Research and Technology Directorate. initially as Navigation and Interior Communications Program Manager and currently as Director Combat Support Systems R&D Office. In addition to being the Program Manager for the Shipboard Data Multiplex System. his responsibilities include supervising research and development in areas of surveillance. fire control command and control and related command support functions. He is active in a number of U.S. Navy and foreign government information exchange programs has authored several technical papers and is a member of the Institute of Navigation and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

The Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) is a general purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data Intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1980–1990 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of SDMS has been increase in unison with the sophistication of shipboard electronic equipment and the associated magnitude of equipment-to-equipment signal traffic. Instead of the miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, SDMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be Installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of SDMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, frees both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the SDMS system currently being developed by the U.S. Navy.

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8th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, MVL 1978

作者： Atkins, D.E. Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

An approach to the topic of computer arithmetic is suggested which may have a particular conceptual, pedagodical, and practical appeal to the designer of multiple-valued logic processors. Computer arithmetic deals with the physical representation of finite sets of numbers and the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms for mechanizing arithmetic operations on these sets. Finite number representation systems (FNRS) are specified by defining a set of symbols and a mapping from the elements of this symbol set to a subset of the real numbers. A formal definition of a FNRS provides a basis for a set of definitions which in turn provide the framework for the classification of a large set of number systems. Emphasis in this paper is on the following positive, fixed radix systems: unsigned, sign and magnitude, radix complement, and diminished radix complement. We offer an annotated listing of primitive digit vector algorithms for the four common number representation systems with an arbitrary, positive integer, fixed radix. These digit vector algorithms are ones which the designer of multi-valued logic arithmetic processors will need to implement to provide general arithmetic computation. © 1978 Advanced Automotive Batteries. All rights reserved.

关键词： Numbering systems

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A comparison of two approaches to multi-operand binary addition

A comparison of two approaches to multi-operand binary addit...

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Computer Arithmetic (ARITH)

作者： D. E. Atkins S. C. Ong Program in Computer Information and Control Engineering and Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI US

This paper presents the results of one phase of a study concerning methods for addition of P>;2 numbers, each encoded as a vector of digits (digit vector) of length N. Such multi-operand addition has been studied most often in the context of reducing a set of partial products to a single result in the implementation of multiplication. More generalized multi-operand addition, most notably in the form of inner product calculations is, however, central to numerous scientific applications of digital computers. Although multi-operand addition is trivially accomplished by accumulation (iteration in time) in any general purpose machine, demands for very high-speed computation, typified by 2- and 3-D signal processing prompt implementation of dedicated, hardware-intensive structures for multi-operand addition. This study, for example, is motivated in part by requirements for rapid simultaneous addition of up to 100, 16-bit operands in the design of a dedicated processor for real-time reconstruction of 3-D images of the beating heart and breathing lungs [1].

关键词： Adders Logic gates Vectors Delay Equations Computers Hardware

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THE SHIPBOARD FACILITIES MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION STUDY

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第2期90卷 91-102页

作者： SCHWARTZ, MELVIN A. CORDER, JAMES L. Mr. Meivin A. Schwartzgraduated from Hunter College in 1959 and received his MS degree in Psychology in 1962 from the City College of New York. He has been a Behavioral Scientist in industry and government since 1960 working on command and control systems and simulations for the Strategic Air Command Job Corps Information Management System Permissive Action Link System Helicopter Attack System Riverine Warfare Systems Manpower Simulation Modeling and Facility Maintenance and Manpower Utilization. He has been employed at the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center formerly the Navy Personnel Research Laboratory since 1967 and has presented papers and participated in numerous international and national symposia. At the present time Mr. Schwartz is the principal investigator of the Facilities Maintenance Demonstration Study being conducted at David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Mr. James L. Cordergraduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1958 and received his MS degree in Engineering Science in 1964 from The George Washington University. He served aboard a Destroyer and instructed in the Engineering Department U. S. Naval Academy until 1964. Since then he has been employed at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where he was the Program Manager for the Shipboard Manning and Automation Program until September 1977 and currently is assigned to DTNSRDC Annapolis Md. Mr. Corder who received a Letter of Commendation from the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (R&D) for his work performed while assigned on temporary additional duty at the Navy Research and Development Unit Vietnam in 1968 has been a member of ASNE since February 1965.

Facilities Maintenance (FM), as currently performed by shipboard personnel, requires a considerable expenditure of man—hours and material resources and is not performed efficiently nor effectively. Potential solutions to underlying problems were studied on portions of an operational ship of the FF 1052 Class. The study indicated that: 1) a significant reduction in man—hour expenditure and cost to the Navy is feasible through a systematic innovation program, 2) skill and knowledge of FM Team personnel is improved, and 3) shipboard spaces are cleaner and better maintained with FM innovations. The next phase of the project includes the total ship, and it is planned to commence in July 1978 aboard FF 1052, FFG 7, and LST 1179 Class ships. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE USE OF MAINTENANCE DATA TO IMPROVE FLEET MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第6期90卷 25-36页

作者： REINES, J. MCCORMICK, J.P. Mr. J. Reinesis a Program Manager with ARINC Research Corporation an Annapolis Md. based consulting engineering corporation where in addition to management of DDEOC development he is responsible for the acquisition and direction of the Company's work in support of operational ships and ship systems. Before joining ARINC Research he worked for the newly formed Litton Advanced Marine Technology Division. where as Manager System Engineering and Analysis and Director System Assurance he had responsibilities in a variety of areas including Reliability Maintainability Human. Engineering System Safety Operations Analysis and the operational and maintenance training of LHA I and DD 963 Class Navy crews. Mr. Reines received his BS degree from Columbia University in 1951 after his service in the U.S. Navy as an Aviation Machinist Mate/Combat Air Crewman. During his 27–year career since then he has worked in the automotive and aerospace industries and as a Consultant to industry and the military. Mr. John P. McCormickis a Principal Engineer and Group Manager in ARINC Research Corporation's Ships and Ordnance Division. He has been with ARINC Research since 1963 when he joined the Company to participate in reliability studies of NASA's SATURN Launch Vehicle. He was Project Leader of a comprehensive study of the Air Force Jet Engine Maintenance Management Program has conducted a number of studies involving the use of Army Maintenance Data and has considerable experience in the use and analysis of Navy Maintenance Data. Currently he is managing a number of projects involving the analysis of Navy Destroyer and Submarine Maintenance Information. Mr. McCormick received his BS degree in Physics from St. Bonaventure University in 1959. after which he was employed by the U.S. Naval Propellant Plant as an Internal Ballistics Specialist.

The purpose of this paper is to explain and demonstrate the value of using historical Navy maintenance data in analyses for developing improved Fleet maintenance practices. The Navy produces great volumes of maintenance and maintenance—related data on its ships, ship systems, and equipments. Analyses of these data by persons familiar with the intricacies of the data and the systems involved can provide the information and insight needed to evaluate present practices and develop improved Fleet maintenance. This paper identifies specific data elements, together with their sources, that have proven to be most useful. Capabilities of the data are highlighted, and the general analysis approach is described. A number of case studies are presented to trace the use of various data elements from their source, through analysis, to the requirements for improved maintenance practices. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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