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26th International Conference on Computers in Education, ICCE 2018

作者： Chen, Ru-Shan Peng, Jui-Chi Hwang, Gwo-Haur Chen, Beyin Lai, Yu-Ling Department of Applied English Chihlee University of Technology Taiwan Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management Taiwan Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Information Networking and Administration Ling Tung University Taiwan Department of Information Management Ling Tung University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789869721424

This case study on English reading courses explores the impact of prior knowledge on learning effectiveness of competitive game-based learning. This study develops a competitive game-based learning system and conducts an eight-week teaching experiment. The result of the experiment finds significant progress both for learners with high prior knowledge and those with low prior knowledge. Furthermore, the learning effectiveness of low prior knowledge learners is significantly higher than that of learners with high prior knowledge. Also, in the post-test, the former reach the same level as the latter. © 2018 Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education..All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

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The use of mobile applicatiosn to improve nutrition behaviour: A systematic review

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Computer Methods and programs in Biomedicine 2020年 192卷

作者： Paramastri, Rathi Pratama, Satwika Arya Ho, Dang Khanh Ngan Purnamasari, Sintha Dewi Mohammed, Afrah Zaki Galvin, Cooper J Hsu, Yi-Hsin Elsa Tanweer, Afifa Humayun, Ayesha Househ, Mowafa Iqbal, Usman School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan School of Health Care Administration College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Executive Master Program of Business Administration in Biotechnology College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan School of Health Sciences University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore Pakistan SKZMDC Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore Pakistan Hamad Bin Khalifa University College of Science and Engineering Qatar Foundation Qatar School of Health Information Science University of Victoria VictoriaBC Canada Master's Program in Global Health & Development Dept. PhD Program in Global Health & Health Security Dept. College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Background and Objective: Mobile applications could be effectively used for dietary intake assessment, physical activity monitoring, behavior improvement, and nutrition education. The aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of mobile applications in improving nutrition behaviors through a systematic review of literature. Methods: The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO: registration number CRD42018118809, and followed PRISMA guidelines. We involved original articles including mobile electronic devices for improving dietary intake, physical activity, and weight management in adult populations in this review. Data were retrieved from January 2010 to December 2018 with PubMed, Web of science, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) as data sources. Authors individually screened the titles and abstracts, then full articles in order to obtain papers that met inclusion criteria. Results: The database search yielded 2962 records. After removing the duplicates and analyzing the full text papers a total of 8 original articles were reviewed. Two articles showed obvious bias and were not included in our results or discussion. The remaining six articles with low to moderate bias risk were included in this systematic review. Three selected studies were randomized control trials (RCTs) with over 180 participants each. The other three studies were a nested trial, a case-control trial, and a pilot RCT with 36, 162, and 24 participants respectively. All larger RCTs and the small case control trail showed significant improvements in some nutritional-health objectives measured. The other two trials showed insignificant improvements in outcomes measured between groups. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential significant health benefits acquirable through mobile health application-assisted nutrition interventions. Some of these studies required significant financial and time input from provide

关键词： Nutrition

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Bitcoin’s future carbon footprint

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Qin, Shize Klaaßen, Lena Gallersdörfer, Ulrich Stoll, Christian Zhang, Da Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China TUM School of Management Technical University of Munich Munich Germany TUM Software Engineering for Business Information Systems Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States TUM Center for Energy Markets TUM School of Management Technical University of Munich Munich Germany MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change CambridgeMA02139 United States

The carbon footprint of Bitcoin has drawn wide attention, but Bitcoin’s long-term impact on the climate remains uncertain. Here we present a framework to overcome uncertainties in previous estimates and project Bitcoin’s electricity consumption and carbon footprint in the long term. If we assume Bitcoin’s market capitalization grows in line with the one of gold, we find that the annual electricity consumption of Bitcoin may increase from 50 to 400 TWh between 2020 and 2100. The future carbon footprint of Bitcoin strongly depends on the decarbonization pathway of the electricity sector. If the electricity sector achieves carbon neutrality by 2050, Bitcoin’s carbon footprint has peaked already. However, in the business-as-usual scenario, emissions sum up to 2 gigatons until 2100, an amount comparable to 6% of global emissions in 2018. Therefore, we also discuss policy instruments to reduce Bitcoin’s future carbon footprint. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Novel electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits for repair of peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1617-1625页

作者： Chun-Ming Yen Chiung-Chyi Shen Yi-Chin Yang Bai-Shuan Liu Hsu-Tung Lee Meei-Ling Sheu Meng-Hsiun Tsai Wen-Yu Cheng Department of Neurosurgery Neurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina Ph.D.Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Physical Therapy Hungkuang UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Basic Medical Education Center Central Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences Central Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTaichungTaiwanChina Institute of Biomedical Sciences National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwanChina Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Management Information System National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate the effects of novel electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits(biopolymer nanofiber conduits) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury, we bridged 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defects with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone conduits in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat neurologica1 function was weekly evaluated using sciatic function index within8 weeks after repair. Eight weeks after repair, sciatic nerve myelin sheaths and axon morphology were observed by osmium tetroxide staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy.S-100(Schwann cell marker) and CD4(inflammatory marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve were detected by immunohistochemistry. In rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, no serious inflammatory reactions were observed in rat hind limbs, the morphology of myelin sheaths in the injured sciatic nerve was close to normal. CD4 immunoreactivity was obviously weaker in rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits than in those subjected to repair with poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone. Rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits tended to have greater sciatic nerve function recovery than those receiving poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone repair. These results suggest that electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits have the potential of repairing sciatic nerve defects and exhibit good biocompatibility. All experimental procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, China(La-1031218) on October 2, 2014.

关键词： poly(ε-caprolactone) type Ⅰ collagen electrospinning sciatic nerve nerve conduit immunohistostaining walking track analysis peripheral nerve injury

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Electron Acceleration in Carbon Nanotubes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bonţoiu, Cristian Bonatto, Alexandre Apsimon, Öznur Bandiera, Laura Cavoto, Gianluca Drebot, Illya Gatti, Giancarlo Giner-Navarro, Jorge Lei, Bifeng Martín-Luna, Pablo Rago, Ilaria Pérez, Juan Rodríguez Nunes, Bruno Silveira Sytov, Alexei Valagiannopoulos, Costas Welsch, Carsten P. Xia, Guoxing Resta-López, Javier Department of Physics University of Liverpool Oxford Street LiverpoolL69 7ZE United Kingdom Graduate Program in Information Technology and Healthcare Management the Beam Physics Group Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre RS Porto Alegre90050-170 Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Cockroft Institute Keckwick Lane Daresbury WarringtonWA4 4AD United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara44122 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2 Rome00185 Italy INFN Sezione di Milano Via G. Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy Centro de Láseres Pulsados Building M5 Science Park Calle Adaja 8 Salamanca Villamayor37185 Spain Universidad de Valencia Paterna46071 Spain Universidad de Valencia CSIC Paterna46980 Spain Nuclear and Energy Research Institute IPEN–CNEN SP São Paulo Brazil National Technical University of Athens School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Zografou157 73 Greece Departamento de Física Aplicada y Electromagnetismo Universidad de Valencia Burjassot46100 Spain

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) may achieve TeV/m gradients using high-density solid-state plasmas as accelerating media. However, the application of bulk solid materials requires attosecond laser pulses, such as X-ray lasers, to drive wakefields at these high densities. Additionally, the short wakefield wavelengths associated with solid-state plasmas greatly limit the accelerating length. An alternative approach employs 2D carbon-based nanomaterials, like graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), configured into structured targets. These nanostructures are designed with voids or low-density regions to effectively reduce the overall plasma density. This reduction enables the use of longer-wavelength lasers and also extends the plasma wavelength and the acceleration length. In this study, we present, to our knowledge, the first numerical demonstration of electron acceleration via self-injection into a wakefield bubble driven by an infrared laser pulse in structured CNT targets, similar to the behavior observed in gaseous plasmas for LWFA in the nonlinear (or bubble) regime. Using the PIConGPU code, bundles of CNTs are modeled in a 3D geometry as 25 nm-thick carbon tubes with an initial density of 1022 cm−3. The carbon plasma is ionized by a three-cycle, 800 nm wavelength laser pulse with a peak intensity of 1021 W cm−2, achieving an effective plasma density of 1020 cm−3. The same laser also drives the wakefield bubble, responsible for the electron self-injection and acceleration. Simulation results indicate that fs-long electron bunches with hundreds of pC charge can be self-injected and accelerated at gradients exceeding 1 TeV/m. Both charge and accelerating gradient figures are unprecedented when compared with LWFA in gaseous plasma. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： X ray lasers

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Implementation on Indonesian property real estate industry based on service oriented architecture

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IOP Conference Series: Materials science and Engineering 2020年第1期725卷

作者： Ahmad Nurul Fajar Nunung Nurul Qomariyah Albert Baihaqi Siregar Information Systems Management Department BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Information Systems Management Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department Faculty of Computing and Media Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Department of Information Technology Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia

This study focuses on the implementation of business property in real estate market. This is due to inability of the current technology to support the property products. Some people feel uncomfortable to buy houses from the online market. Buyers need to be very careful to deal with the sellers as the houses price is considered quite expensive. On the other hand, improving real estate market is still a challenge. This business still needs a physical representation, although it can be sold from the online market. In this paper, we propose the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) system of virtual reality and drone. We use drone to help scanning the property units and then make 3D models with visual mapping so it can be run in a virtual reality environment, video 360. In real estate, business process can be developed in various ways. Our proposed SOA in this study can be used to integrate all of them.

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Battles of Mobile Payment Networks: The Impacts of Network Structure and technology Complementarity on Consumer Loyalty 38

Battles of Mobile Payment Networks: The Impacts of Network S...

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38th International Conference on information Systems: Transforming Society with Digital Innovation, ICIS 2017

作者： Zhang, Kem Z.K. Yang, Qianwen Gong, Xiang Lee, Matthew K.O. School of Management University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei China School of Management University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei China University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Program 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei China Department of Information Systems City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong China

This study examines the impacts of network effect strategies, namely network structure and technology complementarity, on mobile payment (MP) loyalty. Drawing on network effect and the dedication/constraint-based model, this study proposes that network structure and technology complementarity will reinforce perceived benefits (i.e., dedication factor) and switching cost (i.e., constraint factor), which in turn formulate MP loyalty. We conduct an online survey with 318 MP users to empirically validate the model. The key findings include (1) network structure is a formative construct with size, centrality, and capability dimensions, whereas technology complementarity is a multidimensional construct with platform-application, application-service, and service-strategy elements;(2) network structure and technology complementarity exerts influences on MP loyalty through the underlying dedication-based mechanism, i.e., perceived benefits, and constraint-based mechanism, i.e., switching cost. Theoretical and practical implications and the opportunities for future research are discussed.

关键词： Electronic money

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An effect of tsunami to hotel occupancy: A case of Phuket, Thailand 11

An effect of tsunami to hotel occupancy: A case of Phuket, T...

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11th Aceh International Workshop and Expo on Sustainable Tsunami Disaster Recovery, AIWEST-DR 2018

作者： Tang, J. Leelawat, N. Suppasri, A. Imamura, F. School of Management Technoogy Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University 131 Moo 5 Tiwanont Road Bangkadi Pathum Thani12000 Thailand Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand Disaster and Risk Management Information Systems Research Group Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand Risk and Disaster Management Program Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok10330 Thailand International Research Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai980-0845 Japan

As a popular city for global tourists, more than one third of the Phuket GPP depends on the hotel and restaurant sector. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused a serious physical damage to hotels and a high cancellation of bookings in the post disaster period, which, in turn, led to most THB 3 billion drop of the hotel and restaurant sector income in 2005 in Phuket. In addition, many tourism facilities in Phuket suffered bankruptcy or a slump, because they started their business again immediately after the reconstruction phase, while tourists did not really come back. This paper is an initiative study of our research project to evaluate the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on Hotel Occupancy, with a focus on the speed for the physical reconstruction and tourism market recovery. We collected the physical reconstruction period and the hotel occupancy recovery data of six hotels that located in the Patong Beach of Phuket from 2003 to 2017. Through calculation, the average of damage rate (i.e., unavailability of the rooms in this study) is 55.89%, with an average speed for the physical reconstruction to rebuild the rooms about 6.07% of the overall rooms per month. The quotient of these two values indicates that the reconstruction period is around 9.2 months. However, the average period for reconstruction and tourism recovery is about 20 months. There is an about 11 months' delay between that hotel and resorts have finished the reconstruction and the tourists start to visit Phuket as usual. Therefore, the local government, local tourist authority, and hotel entrepreneurs can consider these findings in order to prepare the recovery plan for tourism industry in the future tsunami. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recovery

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ThermalProGAN: A sequence-based thermally stable protein generator trained using unpaired data

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Journal of bioinformatics and computational biology 2023年第1期21卷 2350008页

作者： Hui-Ling Huang Chong-Heng Weng Torbjörn E M Nordling Yi-Fan Liou International Program of Health Informatics and Management College of Management Chang Gung University No. 259 Wenhua 1st Road Guishan District Taoyuan City 33302 Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University No. 300 Zhongda Road Zhongli District Taoyuan City 320317 Taiwan. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University No. 1 University Road Tainan City 701 Taiwan. Department of Applied Physics and Electronics Umeå University 90187 Umeå Sweden. Department of Virtual-Reality Interaction with Artificial Intelligence Technology Coretronic Reality Incorporation No. 5 Wenhua Rd. Hukou Township Hsinchu County 303 Taiwan.

MOTIVATION:The synthesis of proteins with novel desired properties is challenging but sought after by the industry and academia. The dominating approach is based on trial-and-error inducing point mutations, assisted by structural information or predictive models built with paired data that are difficult to collect. This study proposes a sequence-based unpaired-sample of novel protein inventor (SUNI) to build ThermalProGAN for generating thermally stable proteins based on sequence information. RESULTS:The ThermalProGAN can strongly mutate the input sequence with a median number of 32 residues. A known normal protein, 1RG0, was used to generate a thermally stable form by mutating 51 residues. After superimposing the two structures, high similarity is shown, indicating that the basic function would be conserved. Eighty four molecular dynamics simulation results of 1RG0 and the COVID-19 vaccine candidates with a total simulation time of 840[Formula: see text]ns indicate that the thermal stability increased. CONCLUSION:This proof of concept demonstrated that transfer of a desired protein property from one set of proteins is feasible. The source code of ThermalProGAN can be freely accessed at https://***/markliou/ThermalProGAN/ with an MIT license. The website is https://***:433. Supplementary data are available on Github.

关键词： CycleGAN Protein synthesis generative adversarial neural network thermal stability

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Input optics systems of the KAGRA detector during O3GK (vol 2023, 023F01, 2023)

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PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 2023年第5期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M. A. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Capocasa, E. Chan, M. Chen, C. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Chiang, C-I Chu, H. Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Furuhata, T. Gao, D. Ge, G-G Ha, S. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Han, W-B Hasegawa, K. Hattori, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B-H Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P. Huang, Y-C Huang, Y-J Hui, D. C. Y. Ide, S. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Ito, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jeon, C. Jin, H-B Jung, K. Jung, P. Kaihotsu, K. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kanbara, S. Kanda, N. Kang, G. Kataoka, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, J. C. Kim, Ws Kim, Y-M Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A. K. H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C. Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. W. Lee, R. Leonardi, M. Li, K. L. Lin, L. C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H. L. Liu, G. C. Luo, L-W Majorana, E. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Mori, Y. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Nakayama, Y. Narikawa, T. Naticchioni, L. Negishi, R. Quynh, L. Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A. Nozaki, S. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J. J. Oh, S. H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Ohta, H. Okutani, Y. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C. Oshino, S. Otabe, S. Pan, K-C Pang, H. Parisi, A. Park, J. Arellano, F. E. Pena Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suresh, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Republic of Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Road Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

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