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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Jukka P. Peltola Seppo A. Sierla Mika P. Stromman Kari O. Koskinen Information and Computer Systems in Automation Helsinki University of Technology Espoo Finland

The IEC 61499 enables different approaches for application development, and this can undermine the emerging open knowledge economy. Developers typically try to use an approach that resembles their previous programming experience, and this can result in the new features of IEC 61499 to be overlooked. Even when designers are able to turn out working software, the various components are often incompatible because they incorporate diverse design principles. In this research, we look at the different levels of the application hierarchy, in order to understand the design decisions that need to be made. We have organized a laboratory experiment with professional designers and researchers, and we use qualitative research methods to understand the design choices that participants with different backgrounds make.

关键词： Process control IEC standards Application software Software quality Laboratories Software standards Programming profession Design automation Logic Software reusability

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Real-time middleware for the requirements of distributed process control

Real-time middleware for the requirements of distributed pro...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： S.A. Sierla J.P. Peltola K.O. Koskinen Information and Computer Systems in Automation Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki Finland

Process control applications are large distributed systems containing a vast number of communication links between their fragments. These links may have unique properties with respect to communication mechanisms and real-time quality of service attributes. Frequent dynamic reconfiguration of the application is only possible if these links can be updated automatically. This paper explores the possibility of using commercially available standard-based real-time middleware for managing the communication links. The special requirements of process automation are described and used to derive test cases for middleware products. Some results and experiences with the real-time publish-subscribe middleware are presented.

关键词： Middleware Process control automation Application software Communication standards IEC standards Quality of service Distributed control Communication industry Electrical equipment industry

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Managing implicit requirements using semantic case-based reasoning research preview

Managing implicit requirements using semantic case-based rea...

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18th Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2012

作者： Daramola, Olawande Moser, Thomas Sindre, Guttorm Biffl, Stefan Department of Computer and Information Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Christian Doppler Laboratory for Software Engineering Integration for Flexible Automation Systems Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642287138

[Context and motivation] Implicit requirements (ImRs) are defined as requirements of a system which are not explicitly expressed during requirements elicitation, often because they are considered so basic that developers should already know them. Many products have been rejected or users made unhappy because implicit requirements were not sufficiently addressed. [Question/Problem] Requirement management tools have not addressed the issue of managing ImRs, also despite the challenges of managing ImRs that exist in practice the issue has not received sufficient attention in the literature. [Principal Idea/results] This planned research will investigate how automated support can be provided for managing ImRs within an organizational context, which is currently lacking in practice. This work proposed an approach that is based on semantic case-based reasoning for managing ImRs. [Contribution] We present the concept of a tool which enables managing of ImRs through the analogy-based requirements reuse of previously known ImRs. This ensures the discovery, structured documentation, proper prioritization, and evolution of ImRs, which improves the overall success of software development processes. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Case based reasoning

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User Experience Evaluation in Virtual Reality based on Subjective Feelings and Physiological Signals

User Experience Evaluation in Virtual Reality based on Subje...

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2020 Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality Conference, ERVR 2020

作者： Niu, Yunfang Wang, Danli Wang, Ziwei Sun, Fan Yue, Kang Zheng, Nan State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer and Information Technology Liaoning Normal University Dalian China

At present, the research on emotion in the virtual environment is limited to the subjective materials, and there are very few studies based on objective physiological signals. In this article, the authors conducted a user experiment to study the user emotion experience of virtual reality (VR) by comparing subjective feelings and physiological data in VR and two-dimensional display (2D) environments. First, they analyzed the data of self-report questionnaires, including Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The result indicated that VR causes a higher level of arousal than 2D, and easily evokes positive emotions. Both 2D and VR environments are prone to eye fatigue, but VR is more likely to cause symptoms of dizziness and vertigo. Second, they compared the differences of electrocardiogram (ECG), skin temperature (SKT) and electrodermal activity (EDA) signals in two circumstances. Through mathematical analysis, all three signals had significant differences. Participants in the VR environment had a higher degree of excitement, and the mood fluctuations are more frequent and more intense. In addition, the authors used different machine learning models for emotion detection, and compared the accuracies on VR and 2D datasets. The accuracies of all algorithms in the VR environment are higher than that of 2D, which corroborated that the volunteers in the VR environment have more obvious skin electrical signals, and had a stronger sense of immersion. This article effectively compensated for the inadequacies of existing work. The authors first used objective physiological signals for experience evaluation and used different types of subjective materials to make contrast. They hope their study can provide helpful guidance for the engineering reality of virtual reality. c Society for Imaging Science and Technology 2019

关键词： Virtual reality

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Source Camera Device Identification from Videos

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SN computer Science 2022年第4期3卷 316页

作者： Bennabhaktula, Guru Swaroop Timmerman, Derrick Alegre, Enrique Azzopardi, George Information Systems Group at the Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Group for Vision and Intelligent Systems at the Department of Electrical Systems and Automation University of León León Spain Researcher at INCIBE (Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute) León Spain

Source camera identification is an important and challenging problem in digital image forensics. The clues of the device used to capture the digital media are very useful for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), especially to help them collect more intelligence in digital forensics. In our work, we focus on identifying the source camera device based on digital videos using deep learning methods. In particular, we evaluate deep learning models with increasing levels of complexity for source camera identification and show that with such sophistication the scene-suppression techniques do not aid in model performance. In addition, we mention several common machine learning strategies that are counter-productive in achieving a high accuracy for camera identification. We conduct systematic experiments using 28 devices from the VISION data set and evaluate the model performance on various video scenarios—flat (i.e., homogeneous), indoor, and outdoor and evaluate the impact on classification accuracy when the videos are shared via social media platforms such as YouTube and WhatsApp. Unlike traditional PRNU-noise (Photo Response Non-Uniform)-based methods which require flat frames to estimate camera reference pattern noise, the proposed method has no such constraint and we achieve an accuracy of 72.75 ± 1.1 % on the benchmark VISION data set. Furthermore, we also achieve state-of-the-art accuracy of 71.75 % on the QUFVD data set in identifying 20 camera devices. These two results are the best ever reported on the VISION and QUFVD data sets. Finally, we demonstrate the runtime efficiency of the proposed approach and its advantages to LEAs. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Constrained ConvNet Digital video forensics Sensor pattern noise Source camera identification

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Hierarchical modelling in biology: Systematic building of limb models

Hierarchical modelling in biology: Systematic building of li...

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作者： Fazekas, C.S. Kozmann, G.Y. Hangos, K.M. Department of Information Systems University of Veszprém Veszprém Hungary Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Sciences Department of Biomedical Engineering Budapest Hungary Computer and Automation Research Institute Systems and Control Laboratory Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)008045108X

A multi-level model, that provides a hierarchically structured description of a complex, multi-scale limb system is proposed in this paper for predicting and analyzing movement patters generated by various activation signals. The levels, the sub-models on each level and their interconnections are developed and described following a systematic modelling procedure. The computational properties (degree of freedom and differential index) of the developed model have been analyzed and a sub-model has been transformed to meet the index-one requirement for solving the resulting differential algebraic equation (DAE) model by standard methods implemented in MATLAB. The model is extensively verified against engineering expectations using parameter values found in the literature, and a good agreement was found. Parameter sensitivity analysis has also been performed. Copyright © 2005 IFAC.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Reactive and deliberative control and cooperation in multi-agent system based process automation

Reactive and deliberative control and cooperation in multi-a...

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2005 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and automation CIRA 2005

作者： Seilonen, Ilkka Koskinen, Kari Pirttioja, Teppo Appelqvist, Pekka Halme, Aarne Information and Computer Systems in Automation Helsinki University of Technology P.O.Box 5500 02015 TKK Espoo Finland Automation Technology Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology P.O.Box 5500 02015 TKK Espoo Finland

An approach to intelligent process automation based on a society of BDI-agents is presented in this paper. According to this approach a higher-level multi-agent systems based automation layer supervises an ordinary process automation system. The purpose of the agent layer is to monitor the operation of the lower-level automation system and semi-autonomously reconfigure its control logic when needed. The agent layer operates as a multi-agent system consisting of BDI-agents, which cooperatively create and run reconfiguration sequences on the ordinary automation system in order to adapt its control logic to various situations. The adaptation process may take place both in reactive and deliberative fashion. In this way the approach aims to increase the flexibility and responsiveness properties of the automation system. The approach is demonstrated with a laboratory test process where process startup and fault recovery experiments have been performed. Results from the experiments are described. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Statistical Approach to Detection of Attacks for Stochastic Cyber-Physical systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第25期51卷 178-183页

作者： Marelli, Damián Sui, Tianju Fu, Minyue School of Automation Guandong University of Technology China French-Argentinean International Center for Information and Systems Sciences National Scientific and Technical Research Council Argentina Department of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Newcastle Australia

We study the problem of detecting an attack on a stochastic cyber-physical system. We start by proposing a detection criterion based on checking the statistics of the Kalman prediction error. To show the importance of the proposed criterion, we study certain attacking schemes which can be effectively detected by this criterion, but not by checking simpler conditions based on commonly used statistics. We then use the proposed criterion to derive a detection algorithm. This algorithm is based on a statistical confidence test, giving a confidence level for detecting an attack. We present simulation results to illustrate the performance of this algorithm. © 2018

关键词： computer crime Cyber Physical System Embedded systems Error statistics Linear systems Statistics Stochastic systems Testing Attack detection Detection algorithm Detection of attacks Integrity attacks Statistical approach Statistical confidence Statistical hypothesis testing System security

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Stochastic Qubit Resource Allocation for Quantum Cloud Computing 36

Stochastic Qubit Resource Allocation for Quantum Cloud Compu...

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36th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, NOMS 2023

作者： Kaewpuang, Rakpong Xu, Minrui Niyato, Dusit Yu, Han Xiong, Zehui Kang, Jiawen Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore Singapore University of Technology and Design Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665477161

Quantum cloud computing is a promising paradigm for efficiently provisioning quantum resources (i.e., qubits) to users. In quantum cloud computing, quantum cloud providers provision quantum resources in reservation and on-demand plans for users. Literally, the cost of quantum resources in the reservation plan is expected to be cheaper than the cost of quantum resources in the on-demand plan. However, quantum resources in the reservation plan have to be reserved in advance without information about the requirement of quantum circuits beforehand, and consequently, the resources are insufficient, i.e., under-reservation. Hence, quantum resources in the on-demand plan can be used to compensate for the unsatisfied quantum resources required. To end this, we propose a quantum resource allocation for the quantum cloud computing system in which quantum resources and the minimum waiting time of quantum circuits are jointly optimized. Particularly, the objective is to minimize the total costs of quantum circuits under uncertainties regarding qubit requirement and minimum waiting time of quantum circuits. In experiments, practical circuits of quantum Fourier transform are applied to evaluate the proposed qubit resource allocation. The results illustrate that the proposed qubit resource allocation can achieve the optimal total costs. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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An approach to process automation based on cooperating subprocess agents 1

An approach to process automation based on cooperating subpr...

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1st International Conference on Industrial Applications of Holonic and Multi-Agent systems, HoloMAS 2003

作者： Seilonen, Ilkka Pirttioja, Teppo Appelqvist, Pekka Halme, Aarne Koskinen, Kari Helsinki University of Technology Computer and Information Systems in Automation P.O.Box 5400 HUTFIN-02015 Finland Helsinki University of Technology Automation Technology Laboratory P.O.Box 5400 HUTFIN-02015 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540407515

An approach to extend process automation systems with cooperating subprocess agents is presented in this paper. According to this approach a society of subprocess agents supervises an ordinary process automation system. The functionality of this agent layer includes supervising the lower-level automation system, semi-autonomous reconfiguration of its control logic when needed and query processing for external systems. In this way the approach aims for enhancing the operational flexibility of the automation system. The subprocess agents utilize several agent-based cooperation mechanisms in order to be able to perform their tasks. The approach is demonstrated with a laboratory test process where process startup and fault-recovery scenarios have been imitated. Experiences from initial test runs are described, too. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： automation

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