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Sharing energy in wider area: A two-layer energy sharing scheme for massive prosumers

Applied Energy 2025年 392卷

作者： Su, Yifan Yang, Peng Kang, Kai Wang, Zhaojian Qi, Ning Liu, Tonghua Liu, Feng State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China School of Electronics and Information Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an710048 China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States

The popularization of distributed energy resources transforms end-users from consumers into prosumers. Inspired by the sharing economy principle, energy sharing markets for prosumers are proposed to facilitate the utilization of renewable energy. This paper proposes a novel two-layer energy sharing market for massive prosumers, which can promote social efficiency by wider-area sharing. In this market, there is an upper-layer energy sharing market (U-ESM) in the distribution system and numerous lower-layer energy sharing markets (L-ESMs) in local communities. Prosumers in the same community share energy with each other in the L-ESM, which can be uncleared. The energy surplus and shortage of L-ESMs are cleared in the U-ESM. Thanks to the wider-area two-layer structure, the market outcome is near-social-optimal in large-scale systems. However, the proposed market forms a complex mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). To solve the problem, we propose an efficient and hierarchically distributed bidding algorithm. The proposed two-layer market and bidding algorithm are verified on the IEEE 123-bus system with 11,250 prosumers, which demonstrates the practicality and efficiency for large-scale markets. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Game theory

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System Level Synthesis for Affine control Policies: Model Based and Data-Driven Settings

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Schüepp, Lukas De Pasquale, Giulia Dörfler, Florian Alonso, Carmen Amo Automatic Control Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology ETH Zurich Physikstrasse 3 Zurich8092 Switzerland Computer Science Department of Stanford University Palo AltoCA United States Control Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering TU Eindhoven Flux Groene Loper 19 Eindhoven5612AP Netherlands

There is an increasing need for effective control of systems with complex dynamics, particularly through data-driven approaches. System Level Synthesis (SLS) has emerged as a powerful framework that facilitates the control of large-scale systems while accounting for model uncertainties. SLS approaches are currently limited to linear systems and time-varying linear control policies, thus limiting the class of achievable control strategies. We introduce a novel closed-loop parameterization for time-varying affine control policies, extending the SLS framework to a broader class of systems and policies. We show that the closed-loop behavior under affine policies can be equivalently characterized using past system trajectories, enabling a fully data-driven formulation. This parameterization seamlessly integrates affine policies into optimal control problems, allowing for a closed-loop formulation of general Model Predictive control (MPC) problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to extend SLS to affine policies in both model-based and data-driven settings, enabling an equivalent formulation of MPC problems using closed-loop maps. We validate our approach through numerical experiments, demonstrating that our model-based and data-driven affine SLS formulations achieve performance on par with traditional model-based MPC. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Distributed parameter control systems

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Explainable Application Intent for Zero-Touch Networking: An Incorporation of Hypergraph and Transformer

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IEEE Transactions on Communications 2025年

作者： Wu, Bing Zou, Sai Liwang, Minghui Ni, Wei Wang, Xianbin Guizhou University College of Big Data and Information Engineering China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Department of Control Science and Engineering China Tongji University Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Ministry of Education Shanghai China Data61 CSIRO Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University Canada

The autonomous interpretation of application intent (APPI) represents the primary step towards achieving closed-loop autonomy in zero-touch networking (ZTN) and also a prerequisite for intent-based networking (IBN). However, understanding APPIs and invoking the corresponding network resources require network professionals with extensive technical expertise to customize network service requests (NSRs), which presents significant challenges for the large-scale deployment of ZTN. This paper investigates an interesting problem of autonomous interpretation of APPIs for ZTN, where a novel mechanism integrating hypergraph and transformer with completeness assurance (HyperTrans-CA) is proposed. In particular, we first involve the Bayesian theory to model APPIs interpretability as maximizing the correct transition probability, where hypergraph is used to describe the complex relationship between application characteristics (e.g., scenario function, and performance) and NSRs, including network devices, virtual network functions (VNFs), and resources. Then, the hypergraph is integrated into the encoder, decoder, and attention mechanisms of Transformer, and a completeness assurance mechanism is designed to improve the prediction accuracy. The convergence of HyperTrans-CA and the corresponding convergence speed of the hypergraph-boosted Transformer in the graph search process are also analyzed. Comprehensive simulations and empirical measurements regarding industrial internet demonstrate that HyperTrans-CA can effectively explain/understand APPIs. Compared to the state-of-the-art Transformer and ChatGPT3.5 models, HyperTrans-CA improves the prediction accuracy of APPIs mapped to VNFs by 23% and 46%, respectively, while raising the prediction accuracy of VNF locations by 8.6 and 17.3 times. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Enhancing Resource Allocation and Performance in Multi-Layer Industrial IoT Through Adjustable Strategy Integrating Cooperative Communication and Edge Computing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Sun, Mingyue Yuan, Yazhou Ma, Kai Chen, Cailian Zhang, Jianmin Luo, Xiaoyuan The Institute of electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China The Automation Department of the Baosteel Research Institute Shanghai200240 China

Reliable bidirectional communication between the control center (CC) and manufacturing devices (MDs) along with efficient resource allocation are critical for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, due to the limited network resources of IIoT devices and the intertwined nature of communication and computation resources, achieving efficient optimization of these resources presents significant challenges. In this paper, we propose a multi-layer communication architecture for the IIoT based on edge computing and cooperative communication technologies, where resource-constrained MDs upload data to edge servers (ESs) for processing. To address the issues of resource scarcity and coupling, we establish a bandwidth release model (BRM) to analyze and quantify the relationship between computation and communication resources. This elucidates the interaction mechanisms between ‘transmission-computation’ performance. Furthermore, to prevent excessive data upload to ESs, which could lead to node overload and network congestion, we employ game theory to develop a pricing mechanism for resource allocation, where ESs charge for computation services. Specifically, we construct a Lagrangian framework to determine a resource allocation scheme, aiming to maximize the utility of the factory. Simulation results indicate that compared to common methods employed in existing works, our strategy enhances factory utility by 29.79%. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Edge computing

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Reduced-Order Consensus Protocols with Pure Relative Output: Design, Existence, and Dual Results

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年

作者： Ma, Yuwen Li, Xianwei Li, Shaoyuan Lin, Zongli Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China University of Virginia Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

This paper studies reduced-order dynamic consensus protocols for homogeneous linear multi-agent systems using pure relative output information. By applying H∞ control theory, a separation principle-like method with an additional small-gain constraint is proposed for designing an (nx-nu)th order protocol, where nx and nu are the numbers of states and inputs of each agent, respectively. Existence conditions for the protocol are then systematically discussed from the graph, low gain and high gain perspectives, respectively. It is revealed that the protocol always exists and can be found by the proposed design method for three cases: 1) directed acyclic networks, 2) agents with all eigenvalues in the closed left-half complex plane and 3) agents of minimum phase. Another reduced-order protocol of (nx - ny)th order is further discussed through duality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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Performance-Aware control of Modular Batteries For Fast Frequency Response

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Lab for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modular batteries can be aggregated to deliver frequency regulation services for power grids. Although utilizing the idle capacity of battery modules is financially attractive, it remains challenging to consider the heterogeneous module-level characteristics such as dynamic operational efficiencies and battery degradation. In addition, real-time decision making within seconds is required to enable fast frequency response. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a performance-aware scheduling approach for battery modules to deliver fast frequency response (FFR) support. In particular, the conduction loss and switching loss of battery packs as well as converters are captured within a mix-integer quadratic constrained program (MIQCP). The cycle-based aging model identifies the aging cost of battery modules during frequent cycling by introducing the aging subgradient calculation and linearization. Case studies based on real-world battery data show that the proposed scheduling approach can effectively reduce power loss cost by nearly 28%-57% and battery aging cost by 4%-15% compared to conventional methods, which can also enhance the SoC balance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Battery management systems

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Neural-LAFC: A Neural Learning Adaptive Flight controller for Tailless Flapping-Wing Robots Under Uncertain Wind Disturbance Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic systems 2025年

作者： Guo, Qingcheng Zhang, Yichen Mou, Jiawang Liu, Wu Wu, Xiaosheng Lu, Jun-Guo Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Micro/Nano Electronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200240 China Designing Institute of Hubei Space Technology Academy Wuhan China Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai200240 China

Enabling bio-inspired flapping-wing robots (FWRs) to maintain stable flight in windy environments, similar to real flying creatures, is of significant importance. In this work, a neural learning-based adaptive flight controller (Neural-LAFC) is proposed for the attitude and position control of a tailless FWR under uncertain wind conditions. The key approach involves employing a deep neural network (DNN) that incorporates not only attitude information but also instantaneous flapping angles of the wings to learn the aerodynamic torques that cannot be accurately modeled. The training data are obtained from flight experiments conducted with the FWR in a wind tunnel environment. Subsequently, a composite adaptive law is presented to update a set of linear coefficients. These linear coefficients are utilized to blend the pre-trained basis functions to represent the aerodynamic torques. The tracking errors are shown to exponentially converge to a bounded region, as guaranteed by a Lyapunov function. Based on the learning-based attitude controller, we also develop an adaptive controller for position control. Notably, apart from the training phase, the FWR operates without prior knowledge of wind speed. Experimental results demonstrate that the Neural-LAFC successfully achieves the desired attitude stabilization, target point tracking, and path tracking of the FWR in windy conditions. The proposed control scheme also outperforms baseline controllers in wind disturbance suppression, reducing the root mean square position errors by more than 40% when the FWR is subjected to a horizontal wind within the speed of 180 {cm s{-1}}. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Wind tunnels

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KKL Observer Synthesis for Nonlinear systems via Physics-Informed Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Niazi, M.B. Umar Cao, John Barreau, Matthieu Johansson, Karl Henrik Division of Decision and Control Systems Digital Futures KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

This paper proposes a novel learning approach for designing Kazantzis-Kravaris/Luenberger (KKL) observers for autonomous nonlinear systems. The design of a KKL observer involves finding an injective map that transforms the system state into a higher-dimensional observer state, whose dynamics is linear and stable. The observer’s state is then mapped back to the original system coordinates via the inverse map to obtain the state estimate. However, finding this transformation and its inverse is quite challenging. We propose to sequentially approximate these maps by neural networks that are trained using physics-informed learning. We generate synthetic data for training by numerically solving the system and observer dynamics. Theoretical guarantees for the robustness of state estimation against approximation error and system uncertainties are provided. Additionally, a systematic method for optimizing observer performance through parameter selection is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations on benchmark examples and its application to sensor fault detection and isolation in a network of Kuramoto oscillators using learned KKL observers. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： State estimation

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A Polarization-Diversity Omnidirectional Glass Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Gain and Bandwidth Enhancements

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年

作者： Yu, Bo Hao Leung, Kwok Wa Hu, Peng Fei Lee, Mike W. K. Luk, Kwai Man City University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves Department of Electrical Engineering Hong Kong CityU Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Wideband Wireless Communications Information and Communication Technology Centre Shenzhen518057 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Electronics and Information Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems Guangzhou510006 China

A polarization-diversity omnidirectional glass dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with gain and bandwidth enhancements is presented in this communication. It employs high-order TM01δ+2 and TE01δ+3 modes to improve the antenna gains of the vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively. However, their high quality factors result in narrow bandwidths. When the modes of feeding circuits are combined with them, the overlapping bandwidth of the two polarizations is only 6.5%. To overcome this, an air gap is introduced into the dielectric resonator (DR), modifying its shape from cylindrical to I-shaped. This reduces the effective dielectric constant and quality factor, increasing the overlapped bandwidth from 6.5% to 16.0%. In addition, the peak gain is increased from 2.66 to 4.62 dBi by reducing the back lobe. To verify the idea, a DRA made of K9 glass is designed for the 3.3-3.6 GHz WiMAX band. The prototype antenna has a measured overlapping bandwidth of 13.8% and a peak gain of 4.14 dBi. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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S2KAN-SLAM: Elastic Neural LiDAR SLAM with SDF Submaps and Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhong Zhang, Lin Wang, Hesheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Avionics Integration and Aviation System-of-Systems Synthesis Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China Tongji University School of Computer Science and Technology National Pilot Software Engineering School with Chinese Characteristics Shanghai201804 China

Traditional LiDAR SLAM approaches prioritize localization over mapping, yet high-precision dense maps are essential for numerous applications involving intelligent agents. Recent advancements have introduced methods leveraging neural fields to enhance mapping capabilities;however, these approaches still face several limitations. Firstly, concerning scene representation, they typically employ neural fields with high-dimensional features and multi-layer perceptron decoders utilizing non-continuous activation functions. This results in low learning efficiency and challenges in capturing high-frequency signals. Secondly, in terms of scene organization, these methods often treat the entire scene as a singular neural field, leading to inefficiencies, inflexibility, and difficulties in rectifying accumulated errors when mapping large-scale environments over extended periods. To tackle the first issue, we propose a lightweight continuous SDF regression approach by encoding the scene in single-valued embeddings and decoding SDF values from a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network. By minimizing discrepancies in measuring range, sampling distance, and decoded SDF values, we facilitate iterative frame-to-model tracking and bundle adjustment neural mapping. To mitigate the second challenge, we propose structuring the whole scene into multiple neural SDF submaps. By establishing node-node, node-submap, and loop closure constraints into a global pose graph, the system can create dense neural maps with global consistency across large-scale scenes. Experimental evaluations in both real-world and simulated settings indicate that our system achieves superior mapping completeness and accuracy, enhanced learning efficiency, reduced memory consumption, and greater flexibility compared to its counterparts. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mapping

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