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Real-Time Analytics: Benefits, Limitations, and Tradeoffs

programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2023年第1期49卷 1-25页

作者： Kuznetsov, S. D. Velikhov, P. E. Fu, Q. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow 109004 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Moscow 119991 Russia Moscow Inst Phys & Technol Dolgoprudnyi 141700 Moscow oblast Russia Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ Moscow 101978 Russia TigerGraph Redwood City CA 94065 USA Huawei Technol Co Ltd Moscow 121614 Russia

Real-time analytics is a relatively new branch of analytics. A common definition of real-time analytics is that it consists in analyzing data as quickly as possible over the most recent data possible. This defines the essence of the fundamental needs of users, but in no way is a specific requirement for the corresponding software systems due to the vagueness of the definition. As a result, different manufacturers of analytical data-management systems and researchers classify real-time analytics systems as extremely different systems, which differ in architecture, functionality, and even timing. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different approaches to providing real-time analytics, their advantages and disadvantages, and the tradeoffs that both designers and users of the systems inevitably have to make.

关键词： Information management

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Evaluating tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Haiti from 2018 to 2019: A competing risk analysis

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IJID REGIONS 2024年 11卷 100350-100350页

作者： Raphael, Nernst-Atwood Garraud, Pierre Anthony Roelens, Maroussia Alfred, Jean Patrick Richard, Milo Estill, Janne Keiser, Olivia Merzouki, Aziza Univ Geneva Inst Global Hlth Geneva Switzerland DAI Global LLC Strateg Hlth Informat Syst Port au Prince Haiti Unit Studies & Programming Minist Hlth Port au Prince Haiti Minist Hlth Natl TB Program Port au Prince Haiti

Objectives: This study assesses tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in Haiti. Methods: Data from drug-susceptible patients with TB (2018-2019) were analyzed using the Fine & Gray model with multiple imputation. Results: Of the 16,545 patients, 14.7% had concurrent HIV coinfection, with a 66.2% success rate. The median treatment duration was 5 months, with patients averaging 30 years (with an interquartile range of 22-42 years). The estimated hazard of achieving a successful treatment outcome decreased by 2.5% and 8.1% for patients aged 45 and 60 years, respectively, compared with patients aged 30 years. Male patients had a 6.5% lower estimated hazard of success than their female counterparts. In addition, patients coinfected with HIV experienced a 35.3% reduction in the estimated hazard of achieving a successful treatment outcome compared with those with a negative HIV serologic status. Conclusions: Integrated health care approaches should be implemented, incorporating innovative solutions, such as machine learning algorithms combined with geographic information systems and non-conventional data sources (including social media), to identify TB hotspots and high-burden households.

关键词： Competing risk TB treatment outcomes Lower and middle-income countries Treatment duration and demographics Improved tuberculosis management

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Euclidean Division Method for the Homomorphic Scheme CKKS

Euclidean Division Method for the Homomorphic Scheme CKKS

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IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus)

作者： Babenko, Mikhail Golimblevskaia, Elena North Caucasus Fed Univ Stavropol Russia Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404761

The use of cloud computing can reduce the economic costs of maintaining IT infrastructure, but at the same time, the likelihood of confidential data theft increases. To reduce the likelihood of it, cloud computing uses homomorphic encryption. However, a homomorphic cipher only allows adding and multiplying encrypted numbers;in some cases, a division operation is required to implement algorithms. To implement the division operation with encrypted numbers it is necessary to implement the encrypted number comparison operation. Considering that the operation of comparing encrypted numbers is carried out using numerical methods, it is necessary to adapt the existing algorithms for Euclidean division. In this article, we propose a two-stage algorithm for Euclidean division of numbers encrypted using the CKKS scheme and investigate its properties.

关键词： Homomorphic encryption Euclidean division cloud computing comparison operation modular arithmetic

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Estimating TOA Reliability With Variational Autoencoders

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2022年第6期22卷 5133-5140页

作者： Stahlke, Maximilian Kram, Sebastian Ott, Felix Feigl, Tobias Mutschler, Christopher Fraunhofer Inst Integrated Circuits IIS D-90411 Nurnberg Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Inst Informat Technol Commun Elect D-91054 Erlangen Germany Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Programming Syst Grp D-91054 Erlangen Germany

Radio frequency (RF)-based localization yields centimeter-accurate positions under mild propagation conditions. However, propagation conditions predominant in indoor environments (e.g. industrial production) are often challenging as signal blockage, diffraction and dense multipath lead to errors in the time of flight (TOF) estimation and hence to a degraded localization accuracy. A major topic in high-precision RF-based localization is the identification of such anomalous signals that negatively affect the localization performance, and to mitigate the errors introduced by them. As such signal and error characteristics depend on the environment, data-driven approaches have shown to be promising. However, there is a trade-off to a bad generalization and a need for an extensive and time-consuming recording of training data associated with it. We propose to use generative deep learning models for out-of-distribution detection based on channel impulse responses (CIRs). We use a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) to predict an anomaly score for the channel of a TOF-based Ultra-wideband (UWB) system. Our experiments show that a VAE trained only on line-of-sight (LOS) training data generalizes well to new environments and detects non-line-of-sight CIRs with an accuracy of 85%. We also show that integrating our anomaly score into a TOF-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) improves tracking performance by over 25%.

关键词： Feature extraction Location awareness Sensors Reliability Training Support vector machines Receivers NLOS identification NLOS mitigation channel quality estimation CIR UWB deep learning VAE

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Automated Computation of Therapies Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis in the Medical Domain

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KUNSTLICHE INTELLIGENZ 2024年第3期38卷 189-201页

作者： Luttermann, Malte Baake, Edgar Bouchagiar, Juljan Gebel, Benjamin Gruening, Philipp Manikwadura, Dilini Schollemann, Franziska Teifke, Elisa Rostalski, Philipp Moeller, Ralf Univ Lubeck Inst Informat Syst Lubeck Germany Univ Lubeck Inst Telemat Lubeck Germany Univ Lubeck Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Lubeck Germany Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol Campus Lubeck Lubeck Germany Univ Lubeck Inst Neuro & Bioinformat Lubeck Germany Univ Lubeck Inst Mol Med Lubeck Germany Univ Lubeck Inst Elect Engn Med Lubeck Germany Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Campus Lubeck Lubeck Germany

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a systematic approach to identify and analyse potential failures and their effects in a system or process. The FMEA approach, however, requires domain experts to manually analyse the FMEA model to derive risk-reducing actions that should be applied. In this paper, we provide a formal framework to allow for automatic planning and acting in FMEA models. More specifically, we cast the FMEA model into a Markov decision process which can then be solved by existing solvers. We show that the FMEA approach can not only be used to support medical experts during the modelling process but also to automatically derive optimal therapies for the treatment of patients.

关键词： Markov processes

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Analysis of recurrent neural networks via property-directed verification of surrogate models

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2023年第3期25卷 341-354页

作者： Khmelnitsky, Igor Neider, Daniel Roy, Rajarshi Xie, Xuan Barbot, Benoit Bollig, Benedikt Finkel, Alain Haddad, Serge Leucker, Martin Ye, Lina Univ Paris Saclay LMF ENS Paris Saclay CNRS Gif Sur Yvette France INRIA Paris France Max Planck Inst Software Syst Kaiserslautern Germany Univ Paris Est Creteil Creteil France Univ Lubeck Inst Software Engn & Programming Languages Lubeck Germany Univ Paris Saclay Cent Supelec Gif Sur Yvette France Inst Univ France Paris France Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Safety & Explainabil Learning Syst Grp Oldenburg Germany Univ Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

This paper presents a property-directed approach to verifying recurrent neural networks (RNNs). To this end, we learn a deterministic finite automaton as a surrogate model from a given RNN using active automata learning. This model may then be analyzed using model checking as a verification technique. The term property-directed reflects the idea that our procedure is guided and controlled by the given property rather than performing the two steps separately. We show that this not only allows us to discover small counterexamples fast, but also to generalize them by pumping toward faulty flows hinting at the underlying error in the RNN. We also show that our method can be efficiently used for adversarial robustness certification of RNNs.

关键词： Explainable AI Neural network verification Active learning

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Detecting Attack Surface With Full-system Taint Analysis 21

Detecting Attack Surface With Full-System Taint Analysis

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21st IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security (QRS)

作者： Fursova, Natalia Dovgalyuk, Pavel Vasiliev, Ivan Klimushenkova, Maria Egorov, Danila Yaroslav Wise Novgorod State Univ Velikiy Novgorod Russia Inst Syst Programming Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665478366

Attack surface detection for the complex software is needed to find targets for the fuzzing, because testing the whole system with many inputs is not realistic. Researchers that previously applied taint analysis for dealing with different security tasks in the virtual machines did not examined how to apply it for attack surface detection. I.e., getting the program modules and functions, that may be affected by input data. We propose using taint tracking within a virtual machine and virtual machine introspection to create a new approach that can detect the internal module interfaces that can he fuzz tested to assure that software is safe or find the vulnerabilities.

关键词： attack surface dynamic analysis software certification malware taint analysis virtual machine introspection

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A Formal Model for Detecting Bugs by Symbolic Execution of Programs

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2020年第8期46卷 731-736页

作者： Gerasimov, A. Yu. Kuts, D. O. Novikov, A. A. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow 109004 Russia

Automatic detection of bugs in programs is an extremely important direction of current research and development in the field of program reliability and security assurance. Earlier studies covered, methods for program analysis that combine the dynamic symbolic execution, randomized testing, and static analysis. In this paper, a formal model for detecting bugs using the symbolic execution of programs and its implementation for detecting the buffer bounds violation is presented. A formal model of the program symbolic execution is described, and a theorem on detecting a bug on the basis of the violation of the operation domain is formulated and proved. An implementation of the buffer bounds violation analyzer in the process of symbolic program execution is described, and the application of the implemented prototype for analyzing a set of programs in Debian Linux is presented. The experiments confirm the actionability of the proposed method.

关键词： Static analysis

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Searching for Taint Vulnerabilities with Svace Static Analysis Tool

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2021年第6期47卷 466-481页

作者： Borodin, A. E. Goremykin, A., V Vartanov, S. P. Belevantsev, A. A. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Ul Solzhenitsyna 25 Moscow 109004 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Moscow 119991 Russia

This paper is dedicated to finding taint-based errors in the source code of programs, i.e., errors caused by unsafe use of data from external sources, which could potentially be modified by a malefactor. The interprocedural static analyzer Svace is used as a basis. The analyzer searches for both program defects and suspicious points where the logic of the program may be corrupted. The goal is to find as many errors as possible at an acceptable speed and low false positive rate (<20-35%). For this purpose, Svace builds, with the help of a modified compiler, a low-level typed intermediate representation, which is input to the main SvEng analyzer. The analyzer constructs a call graph and then carries out summary-based analysis. In this analysis, functions are traversed according to the call graph, starting from the leaves. Once a function is analyzed, its summary is created, which is then used to analyze call instructions. The analysis has both high speed and good scalability. Intraprocedural analysis is based on symbolic execution with state merging at join points. An SMT solver can be used to filter out infeasible paths for some checkers. In this case, the SMT solver is called only if an error is suspected. The analyzer has been extended to find defects of tainted data use. The checkers are implemented as plugins based on the source-sink scheme. The sources are calls of library functions that receive data from the outside of the program, as well as arguments of the main function. The sinks are accesses to arrays, uses of variables as steps or loop boundaries, and calls of functions that require checked arguments. Checkers that cover most of possible vulnerabilities for tainted integers and strings are implemented. To assess the coverage, the Juliet project is used. The false negative rate ranges from 46.31% to 81.17% with a small number of false positives.

关键词： Computer Science general Software Engineering/programming and Operating systems Operating systems Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence

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Interprocedural Static Analysis for Finding Bugs in Go Programs

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2021年第5期47卷 344-352页

作者： Bolotnikov, I., V Borodin, A. E. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Ul Solzhenitsyna 25 Moscow 119333 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Moscow 119991 Russia

In recent years, the popularity of the Go programming language has been growing. However, currently, there are only lightweight static analyzers (linters) available for Go. We fill this gap by adapting the Svace static analyzer for Go programs. We implement an interprocedural and intermodular static analyzer that possesses both flow sensitivity and path sensitivity. To evaluate its performance, we use ten open source projects. The sixteen evaluated checkers emitted 6817 warnings with 76% true positive rate.

关键词： Share this articleAnyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:Get shareable linkSorry a shareable link is not currently available for this article.Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

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