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Intraprocedural Analysis Based on Symbolic Execution for Bug Detection

programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2021年第8期47卷 858-865页

作者： Borodin, A. E. Dudina, I. A. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Ul Solzhenitsyna 25 Moscow 109004 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Moscow 119991 Russia

In this paper, we overview the approaches and techniques employed by the Svace static analysis tool for intraprocedural analysis. This analysis implies the traversal of the control flow graph, symbolic execution with state merging, analysis of a number of paths in functions with loops, simultaneous run of all analyzers, modeling of accessible memory cells, and value numbering.

关键词： Computer Science general Software Engineering/programming and Operating systems Operating systems Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence

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Optimization of Artificial Neural Networks using Wavelet Transforms

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2022年第6期48卷 376-384页

作者： Vershkov, N. Babenko, M. Tchernykh, A. Kuchukov, V. Kucherov, N. Kuchukova, N. Drozdov, A. Yu. North Caucasus Fed Univ North Caucasus Ctr Math Res Stavropol Russia CICESE Res Ctr Ensenada Baja California Mexico Russian Acad Sci Inst Syst Programming Moscow Russia South Ural State Univ Chelyabinsk Russia Moscow Inst Phys & Technol Moscow Russia

The article presents the artificial neural networks performance optimization using wavelet transform. The existing approaches of wavelet transform implementation in neural networks imply either transformation before neural network or using "wavenet" architecture, which requires new neural network training approaches. The proposed approach is based on the representation of the neuron as a nonrecursive adaptive filter and wavelet filter application to obtain the low-frequency part of the image. It reduces the image size and filtering interference, which is usually high-frequency. Our wavelet transform model is based on the classical representation of a forward propagation neural network or convolutional layers. It allows designing neural networks with the wavelet transform based on existing libraries and does not require changes in the neural network training algorithm. It was tested on three MNIST-like datasets. As a result of testing, it was found that the speed gain is approximately 50 +/- 5% with a slight loss of recognition quality of no more than 4%. For practitioner programmers, the proposed algorithm was tested on real images to distinguish animals and showed similar results as the MNIST-like tests.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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NOBRAINER: A Tool for Example-Based Transformation of C/C plus plus Code

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2020年第5期46卷 362-372页

作者： Savchenko, V. V. Sorokin, K. S. Bronshtein, I. E. Volkov, A. S. Kachanov, V. V. Pankratenko, G. A. Ermakov, M. K. Markov, S. I. Spiridonov, A. V. Aleksandrov, I. V. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow 109004 Russia

Refactoring is an integral part of the modern software development process. Often, the refactoring must be performed at the global level with modifications in a large number of files. Making these modifications is a long and painstaking work. However, users rarely employ automated tools for this purpose because they consider them unreliable and difficult to use. In this paper, a new tool for transforming the source code is described. It is based on the intuitively clear specification of transformation rules in the form of short code fragments in C or C++. These rules describe the code before and after the transformation. We believe that, due to the absence of additional abstractions (such as domain-specific languages), this approach can be easily used in practice. Even though the tool uses source code templates, it operates on the level of the abstract syntax tree. This enables the tool to better analyze the code and verify the validity of transformations.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

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Testing and incremental conformance testing of timed state machines

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2024年 233卷

作者： Tvardovskii, Aleksandr El-Fakih, Khaled Yevtushenko, Nina Natl Res Tomsk State Univ Tomsk Russia Amer Univ Sharjah Coll Engn Sharjah U Arab Emirates Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming RAS Moscow Russia

We present methods for testing and incremental testing of systems modeled as finite state machines with timeouts (TFSMs). For testing, we establish an appropriate fault model and show how a complete test suite can be derived for a given TFSM specification using traditional FSM-based test derivation approaches considering an untimed FSM abstraction of the given specification. In addition, we consider reducing the cost of testing a modified or an evolving TFSM specification by the selection of appropriate incremental test suites that can verify whether the modified parts of a modified specification are correctly implemented in a corresponding implementation under test. In particular, we define the incremental testing problem for TFSMs and investigate appropriate fault models that can be used for incremental test derivation and accordingly propose related test selection algorithms. According to conducted experiments length and run time (sum of time delays) of obtained test suites are much lower than their theoretic upper bounds;in some cases, these bounds are linear. In addition, for incremental testing, when the modified part is up to 20% of the whole specification, length and run time of incremental test suites are at least twice as less than those obtained using the whole modified specification.

关键词： Conformance testing Model-based testing Incremental regression testing Software evolution and maintenance Timed finite state machines

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Predicate Extension of Symbolic Memory Graphs for the Analysis of Memory Safety Correctness

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2020年第8期46卷 747-754页

作者： Vasilyev, A. A. Mutilin, V. S. Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow 109004 Russia

An approach to the static verification of the program source code for correct memory usage is considered. The method is based on the use of symbolic graphs for representing the program memory. An extension of symbolic memory graphs that makes it possible to use predicates over symbolic values to improve the precision of analysis is proposed. These predicates cut off the unreachable paths thus reducing the number of false positives and detect new bugs due to adding new checks of symbolic values. The method is implemented on the basis of the CPAchecker tool. The practical usefulness demonstrated on drivers of the Linux kernel.

关键词： Computer operating systems

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Using domain adaptation for classification of healthy and disease conditions from mobile-captured images of standard 12-lead electrocardiograms

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2023年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Gliner, Vadim Makarov, Vladimir Avetisyan, Arutyun I. Schuster, Assaf Yaniv, Yael Technion IIT Comp Sci Dept Haifa Israel Novgorod State Univ Syst Programming Lab Veliky Novgorod Russia Russian Acad Sci Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow Russia Technion IIT Biomed Engn Fac Lab Bioenerget & Bioelect Syst Haifa Israel

12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings can be collected in any clinic and the interpretation is performed by a clinician. Modern machine learning tools may make them automatable. However, a large fraction of 12-lead ECG data is still available in printed paper or image only and comes in various formats. To digitize the data, smartphone cameras can be used. Nevertheless, this approach may introduce various artifacts and occlusions into the obtained images. Here we overcome the challenges of automating 12-lead ECG analysis using mobile-captured images and a deep neural network that is trained using a domain adversarial approach. The net achieved an average 0.91 receiver operating characteristic curve on tested images captured by a mobile device. Assessment on image from unseen 12-lead ECG formats that the network was not trained on achieved high accuracy. We further show that the network accuracy can be improved by including a small number of unlabeled samples from unknown formats in the training data. Finally, our models also achieve high accuracy using signals as input rather than images. Using a domain adaptation approach, we successfully classified cardiac conditions on images acquired by a mobile device and showed the generalizability of the classification using various unseen image formats.

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Forecasting Production of Potato for a Sustainable Future: Global Market Analysis

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POTATO RESEARCH 2024年第4期67卷 1671-1690页

作者： Mishra, Pradeep Alhussan, Amel Ali Khafaga, Doaa Sami Lal, Priyanka Ray, Soumik Abotaleb, Mostafa Alakkari, Khder Eid, Marwa M. El-kenawy, El-Sayed M. Jawaharlal Nehru KrishiVishwa Vidyalaya JNKVV Coll Agr Rewa 486001 India Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Comp Sci POB 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Lovely Profess Univ Sch Agr Dept Agr Econ & Extens Phagwara Punjab India Centurion Univ Technol & Management Paralakhemundi Odisha India South Ural State Univ Dept Syst Programming Chelyabinsk Russia Tishreen Univ Fac Econ Stat & Programming Tartous Syria Delta Higher Inst Engn & Technol Dept Artificial Intelligence Mansoura 35111 Egypt Delta Higher Inst Engn & Technol Dept Commun & Elect Mansoura 35111 Egypt

This study goes into the essential challenge of estimating potato output in order to ensure sustainable agricultural practices while also providing vital insights into global market patterns. The potato production data series compares the accuracy of two popular forecasting models, ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) and ETS (Error-Trend-Seasonality), in predicting potato production. The study assesses the efficacy of these models with a particular focus on their relevance to the agricultural markets of India, China, and the USA, three major potato-producing countries. This research builds ARIMA and ETS models and thoroughly assesses their forecasting performance using historical production data series from these important nations. The results show that the ETS model, especially when considering the chosen countries, consistently performs better in predicting potato production for the testing data set than the ARIMA model. According to the models, China and India will keep contributing more to the potato market, solidifying their positions as key players. It is anticipated that the US economy will plateau and stabilize. For the anticipated year 2027, the expected potato output for China, India, and the USA is 100,417, 61,882, and 18,229 thousand tonnes, respectively. Nonetheless, the increasing diversity of confidence intervals in extended forecasts illustrates the intricacy of agricultural productivity and the numerous factors that could impact outcomes. We believe that this research significantly advances sustainable farming methods by offering a thorough analysis of worldwide potato production projections. It also improves our comprehension of the dynamics of the potato market, providing insightful information that can guide decision-making at different levels. In the conclusions, we stated that the studies not only have consequences for the potato sector, but they also highlight how crucial it is to use cutting-edge forecasting methods in order to p

关键词： ETS Forecasting Production Potato Sustainable agriculture

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Refactoring the Monolith Workflow into Independent Micro-Workflows to Support Stream Processing

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programming AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2021年第8期47卷 591-600页

作者： Alaasam, Ameer B. A. Radchenko, G. Tchernykh, A. South Ural State Univ Russia 454080 Russia CICESE Res Ctr Ensenada 22860 Baja California Mexico RAS Ivannikov Inst Syst Programming Moscow 109004 Russia

In modern scientific computing, the scientific workflow (SWF) is considered an essential tool for the description and implementation of complex applications. The workflow application is described as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of tasks (vertices) with I/O data flow (edges) between them. However, this approach does not support the ability to handle data streams from different IoT sources, nor does it support independent deployment and scaling of individual computing tasks. One approach to optimizing a SWF is to partition it into multiple stages, but the implementation is complicated by the tight coupling relationship between the vertices. In the article, we propose Micro-Workflows (MWF) algorithms which automatically separate the partitioned monolith workflow into a set of independent smaller workflows called MWF by refactoring the edges between the vertices.

关键词： Computer Science general Software Engineering/programming and Operating systems Operating systems Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence

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Global Potato Production Forecasting Based on Time Series Analysis and Advanced Waterwheel Plant Optimization Algorithm

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POTATO RESEARCH 2024年第4期67卷 1965-2000页

作者： Alhussan, Amel Ali Khafaga, Doaa Sami Abotaleb, Mostafa Mishra, Pradeep El-Kenawy, El-Sayed M. Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Comp Sci POB 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia South Ural State Univ Dept Syst Programming Chelyabinsk Russia Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya JNKVV Coll Agr Rewa 486001 India Delta Higher Inst Engn & Technol Dept Commun & Elect Mansoura 35111 Egypt

The cultivation of potatoes is one of the most important parts of the world's agricultural system, so forecasting methods that can precisely predict the direction of production are needed. We focus on the area of optimization techniques herein in this study and develop a particular use of metaheuristic algorithms applied to improve predictive models. Among such algorithms, the Waterwheel Plant Algorithm (WWPA) is notable for its efficiency in enhancing the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Feature selection, an essential preprocessing step in machine learning, is of the highest significance in our approach. We apply the bWWPA method to select the most central features from the dataset, which, in turn, improves the whole predictive model's performance. Through the identification of the main patterns and links in the data, feature selection allows for the model to focus on the most influential factors, giving way to more precise predictions. The WWPA-ARIMA model obtained by our method captures the essential features after optimization and thus involves a very low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0001. Such a high level of precision emphasizes the efficiency of our optimization procedure in adjusting the ARIMA model parameters carefully to reveal the hard-to-catch patterns in potato production data. To evaluate the robustness of our method, we employ strong statistical analyses, such as ANOVA and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. This test also gives additional evidence that our optimization method works better than alternative approaches.

关键词： ARIMA Feature selection Metaheuristic search Optimization Statistical analysis Waterwheel Plant Algorithm

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Guiding attention in flow-based conceptual models through consistent flow and pattern visibility

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DECISION SUPPORT systEMS 2024年 185卷

作者： Figl, Kathrin Soffer, Pnina Weber, Barbara Univ Innsbruck Dept Informat Syst Prod & Logist Management Innrain 52 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Univ Haifa Fac Social Sci Dept Informat Syst Haifa Israel Univ St Gallen Inst Comp Sci Software Syst Programming & Dev St Gallen Switzerland

A critical part of flow-based conceptual modeling, such as process modeling, is visualizing the logical and temporal sequence in which activities in a process should be completed. While there are established standards and recommendations, there is limited empirical research examining the influence of process model layout on model comprehension. To address this research gap, we conducted a controlled eye-tracking experiment with 70 participants comparing different layouts. The experimental results confirm that the visibility of control flow patterns is critical for assisting users with visual processing, particularly attentional allocation, when comprehending process models for both local comprehension tasks and tasks requiring cognitive integration of model components. In models with more directional changes, users' visual attention is more drawn to irrelevant regions, but comprehension is less affected as long as patterns remain visible. Our findings not only elucidate how cognitive fit between a visual representation and a task can manifest itself and the perceptual benefits it brings, but they can also guide the automated layout of models in tools and complement practical process modeling guidelines.

关键词： Process models Conceptual models Layout Eye-tracking Model comprehension

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