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IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 1998年第1期17卷 128-132+136页

作者： Geselowitz, David B. Bioengineering Program Pennsylvania State University University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Department of Medicine M.I.T. Duke University Univ. of Oklahoma Hlth. Sci. Center University of New Mexico IEEE American College of Cardiology Amer. Inst. of Med. and Biol. Eng. Biomedical Engineering Society Intl. Soc. Comp. Electrocardiology Committe on Electrocardiography American Heart Association National Academy of Engineering Pennsylvania State University Bioengineering Program 232 Hallowell Building University Park PA 16802 United States

It is convenient to select a reference point for recording ECG potentials on the torso or EEG potentials on the scalp. The body is a bounded, insulated volume conductor. As such, it is meaningless to seek a point whose potential is at true zero. The choice of a particular reference, and hence the amplitude assigned to a contour, does not change in any way the biophysical information contained in the potential distribution. It does not in any way change the relation between source and potential, except for an additive constant of no physical significance. Standardization of a reference is useful for comp.ring, more directly, data from different laboratories. An agreed upon reference is necessary when a limited number of leads are used for diagnosis. In the case of the electrocardiogram, the generally agreed upon reference is the WCT. The issue of the zero of potential seems to arouse passions that may sometimes inhibit sci.ntific discourse.

关键词： Bioelectric phenomena Electric potential Heart Conductors Skin Electrodes Voltage Insulation Disk recording Conductivity

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Trade-Off Analysis of a Low-Power Image Coding Algorithm

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 1998年第1期18卷 65-80页

作者： Masselos, K. Merakos, P. Stouraitis, T. Goutis, C.E. Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering University of Patras Rio 26500 Greece University of Patras Greece VLSI Systems Engineering Univ. Manchester Inst. Sci. Technol. United Kingdom Inter-Univ. Micro Electronics Centre Belgium IEEE Technical Chamber of Greece Greece Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering University of Patras Greece Technical Chamber of Greece Greece Ohio State University United States University of Florida United States University of Cincinnati United States University of Athens Greece Athena Group Inc. Greece Natl. Elec. Manufacturers Assoc. L. Cincinnati OH United States VLSI Syst. and Applic. Tech. Comm. IEEE Circuits and Systems Society United States DSP Technical Committee IEEE Signal Processing Society United States School of Physics and Mathematics University of Athens Greece Greek P.T.T. Greece Dept. of Elec. and Electron. Eng. University of Strathclyde United Kingdom Dept. of Elec. and Electron. Eng. University of Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering University of Patras Greece

In this paper, a novel algorithm for low-power image coding and decoding is presented and the various inherent trade-offs are described and investigated in detail. The algorithm reduces the memory requirements of vector quantization, i.e., the size of memory required for the codebook and the number of memory accesses by using small codebooks. This significantly reduces the memory-related power consumption, which is an important part of the total power budget. To comp.nsate for the loss of quality introduced by the small codebook size, simple transformations are applied on the codewords during coding. Thus, small codebooks are extended through comp.tations and the main coding task becomes comp.tation-based rather than memory-based. Each image block is encoded by a codeword index and a set of transformation parameters. The algorithm leads to power savings of a factor of 10 in coding and of a factor of 3 in decoding, at least in comp.rison to classical full-search vector quantization. In terms of SNR, the image quality is better than or comp.rable to that corresponding to full-search vector quantization, depending on the size of the codebook that is used. The main disadvantage of the proposed algorithm is the decrease of the comp.ession ratio in comp.rison to vector quantization. The trade-off between image quality and power consumption is dominant in this algorithm and is mainly determined by the size of the codebook.

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of Biosci.nces 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Innovations in electronic academic publishing

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IEEE Intelligent Systems and Their Applications 1998年第1期13卷 6-7页

作者： Hearst, Marti A. Wellman, Michael P. Minton, Steve Sim, Ida Lesk, Michael University of California Berkeley CA United States University of Michigan Dept. of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci. AI Lab MIT American Association for AI American Economic Association Assoc. for Comp. Mach. and Informs AI Laboratory University of Michigan 1101 Beal Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109-2110 United States USC's Information Sciences Institute USC Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University AAAI ACM Information Sciences Inst. Univ. of Southern California 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey CA 90292 United States Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA United States Stanford University Stanford Univ. School of Medicine Amer. Med. Informatics Association American College of Physicians Society for Medical Decision Making Dept. of Medicine Univ. of California San Francisco 400 Parnassus Ave. A-405 San Francisco CA 94143-0320 United States Div. of Info. and Intelligent Syst. National Science Foundation University College London Department of Computer Science NSF 4201 Wilson Blvd. Arlington VA 22230 United States

Examines three different innovations in electronic academic publishing of interest to practitioners in the field of intelligent systems: (1) JAIR (The Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research)-an electronic journal by and for the AI research community; (2) medical publishing and AI; and (3) how can we get high-quality electronic journals?.

关键词： Technological innovation Costs Intelligent systems Biomedical imaging Medical diagnostic imaging Subscriptions Electronic publishing Medical services Software libraries Artificial intelligence

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On the coupling of aerodynamic and structural design

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JOURNAL OF comp.TATIONAL PHYSICS 1997年第1期135卷 83-96页

作者： Arian, E Inst. Comp. Applic. Sci. Eng. I. NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA 23681-0001 United States

The symbol of the Hessian for a static aeroelastic optimization model problem is analyzed for the optimization of a plate's shape and rigidity distribution with respect to a given cost function. The flow is modeled by the small-disturbance full-potential equation and the structure is modeled by an isotropic (von Karman) plate equation. The cost function consists of both aerodynamic and structural terms. In the new analysis the symbol of the cost function Hessian near the minimum is approximated for the nonsmooth error comp.nents in the shape and rigidity. The result indicates that the system can be decoupled to two single disci.line subminimization problems which will effectively converge to the multidisci.linary optimal solution. The result also indicates that the structure part in the Hessian is well conditioned while the aerodynamic part is ill conditioned. Applications of the result to optimization strategies are discussed and demonstrated numerically. (C) 1997 Academic Press.

关键词： Aerodynamics

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Segmentation of the Visible Human for high-quality volume-based visualization

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Medical Image Analysis 1997年第4期1卷 263-270页

作者： Schiemann, Thomas Tiede, Ulf Höhne, Karl Heinz Inst. Math./Comp. Sci. in Medicine Univ. Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany

This article describes a combination of interactive classification and super-sampling visualization algorithms that greatly enhances the realism of 3-D reconstructions of the Visible Human data sets. Objects are classified on the basis of ellipsoidal regions in RGB space. The ellipsoids are used for super-sampling in the visualization process.

关键词： Multi-parametric classification Segmentation Visible human Volume visualization

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A video information system for sport motion analysis

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND comp.TING 1997年第3期8卷 265-287页

作者： Chang, CW Lee, SY Inst. of Comp. Sci. and Info. Eng. National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30050 1001 Ta Hsueh Road Taiwan

In this paper, we present several important methods in a video information system for sport motion analysis. We first describe an efficient method for comp.ting the position of one or more moving objects in a video sequence. We utilize comp.ter vision routines for both target object tracking and feature value extraction. Then, we propose a multiple subsequence matching mechanism for comp.ring the difference in object motion between two video sequences. A mapping function, penalty table and the overall distance between two video sequences have been defined. We use the prominent feature points as our segmentation positions and separate the sequence into several subsequence groups. After an alignment process, we can find the mapping of the best matching and get an evaluation report between the two video sequences for motion analysis. The video information system described in this paper has successfully analysed several examples of sport motion, and is representative of techniques commonly used in practice. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

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A new numerical study of the shock boundary-layer interactions

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Communications in Nonlinear sci.nce and Numerical Simulation 1997年第3期2卷 161-164页

作者： Shen, Yiqing Wang, Ruquan Department of Mathematics Yunnan University Yunnan China Inst. Compl. Math./Sci./Eng. Comp. Academia Sinica

This paper describes a new numerical study of the shock boundary-layer interactions on a flat plate by using a weighted high-resolution TVD scheme. The main difference of this study from the previous studies is that new secondary vortices in the separated region have been found by increasing the impinging shock angles or the free stream Mach numbers.

关键词： Boundary layers

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A hybrid high accuracy difference scheme and its applications

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Communications in Nonlinear sci.nce and Numerical Simulation 1997年第1期2卷 36-39页

作者： Wang, Ruquan Liu, Weiguo Shen, Yiqing Inst. Compl. Math./Sci./Eng. Comp. Academia Sinica Beijing China Department of Mathematics Yunnan University Kunming China

In this paper a hybrid high accuracy difference scheme has been proposed. The new scheme is a combination of a third-order accuracy scheme given in [3,4] with the ENN scheme proposed in [1]. Numerical tests showed that the new scheme has higher accuracy than the ENN scheme in the smooth regions and boundary-layer separation regions.

关键词： Nonlinear systems

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Adaptive parallel multigrid solution of 2D incomp.essible Navier-Stokes equations

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS 1997年第9期24卷 875-892页

作者： Wu, J Ritzdorf, H Oosterlee, K Steckel, B Schuller, A Inst. of Algorithms and Sci. Comp. GMD Ger. Res. Ctr. for Info. Technology D-53754 Sankt Augustin Schloss Birlinghoven Germany Inst. of Algorithms and Sci. Comp. Ger. Res. Ctr. for Info. Technology D-53754 Santa Augushn Schloss Birlinghoven Germany

In this paper an adaptive parallel multigrid method and an application example for the 2D incomp.essible Navier-Stokes equations are described. The strategy of the adaptivity in the sense of local grid refinement in the multigrid context is the multilevel adaptive technique (MLAT) suggested by Brandt. The parallelization of this method on scalable parallel systems is based on the portable communication library CLIC and the message-passing standards: PARMACS, PVM and MPI. The specific problem considered in this work is a two-dimensional hole pressure problem in which a Poiseuille channel flow is disturbed by a cavity on one side of the channel. Near geometric singularities a very fine grid is needed for obtaining an accurate solution of the pressure value. Two important issues of the efficiency of adaptive parallel multigrid algorithms, namely the data redistribution strategy and the refinement criterion, are discussed here. For approximate dynamic load balancing, new data in the adaptive steps are redistributed into distributed memories in different processors of the parallel system by block remapping. Among several refinement criteria tested in this work, the most suitable one for the specific problem is that based on finite-element residuals from the point of view of self-adaptivity and comp.tational efficiency, since it is a kind of error indicator and can stop refinement algorithms in a natural way for a given tolerance. comp.risons between different global grids without and with local refinement have shown the advantages of the self-adaptive technique, as this can save comp.ter memory and speed up the comp.ting time several times without impairing the numerical accuracy. (C) 1997 By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： adaptive parallel multigrid method local refinement criteria incomp.essible Navier-Stokes equations hole pressure problem

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