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2004 Computing Frontiers Conference

作者： Groen, Peter Juurlink, Ben Hämäläinen, Panu Hämäläinen, Timo Computer Engineering Laboratory Fac. Elec. Eng. Math./Comp. Science Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5031 2600 GA Delft Netherlands Inst. of Digit. and Computer Systems Tampere University of Technology P.O. Box 553 33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)1581137419

The Secure Remote Password (SRP) protocol is an authentication and key-exchange protocol suitable for secure password verification and session key generation over insecure communication channels. The modular exponentiations involved, however, are very time-consuming, causing slow logon procedures. This work presents the design of a hardware accelerator that performs modular exponentiation of very wide integers. The experimental platform is TUTWLAN, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) being developed at Tampere University of Technology. It runs on the Altera Excalibur development board that contains a microprocessor and a chip with programmable hardware. The results show that a full modular exponentiation with 1023-bit inputs can be performed in less than 40 ms using less than 10,000 logic elements, each consisting of a 4-input lookup table and a register. By using the implemented hardware accelerator in the authentication protocol, the execution time is reduced by a factor of 4. In addition, proposals to improve the implemented modular exponentiation architecture are presented. An additional factor of 5 improvement (totaling a factor of 20) can be achieved by implementing the fastest design.

关键词： Network protocols

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Managing RFID data 04

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Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30

作者： Sudarshan S. Chawathe Venkat Krishnamurthy Sridhar Ramachandran Sanjay Sarma Computer Science Department University of Maryland College Park MD OAT Systems Waltham MA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Cambridge MA

ISBN: (纸本)9780120884698

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology enables sensors to efficiently and inexpensively track merchandise and other objects. The vast amount of data resulting from the proliferation of RFID readers and tags poses some interesting challenges for data management. We present a brief introduction to RFID technology and highlight a few of the data management challenges.

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Optimized Gaussian mixture models for upper limb motion classification

Optimized Gaussian mixture models for upper limb motion clas...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Y. Huang K.B. Englehart B. Hudgins A.D.C. Chan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Brunswick NB Canada University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB CA Inst. of Biomed. Eng. New Brunswick Univ. Fredericton NB Canada Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University ONT Canada

This work introduces the use of Gaussian mixture models (GMM) for discriminating multiple classes of limb motions using continuous myoelectric signals (MES). The purpose of this work is to investigate an optimum configuration of a GMM-based limb motion classification scheme. For this effort, a complete experimental evaluation of the Gaussian mixture motion model is conducted on a 12-subject database. The experiments examine algorithmic issues of the GMM including the model order selection and variance limiting. The final classification performance of this GMM system has been compared with that of three other classifiers (a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a linear perceptron neural network (LP) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network) . The Gaussian mixture motion model attains 96.3% classification accuracy using four channel MES for distinguishing six limb motions and is shown to outperform the other motion modeling techniques on an identical six limb motion task.

关键词： Pattern recognition Error analysis Prosthetics Motion control Linear discriminant analysis Biomedical engineering Niobium Electromyography Skin Electrodes

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Omnidirectional reflector using a low refractive index material

Omnidirectional reflector using a low refractive index mater...

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IEEE Conference on High Performance Devices

作者： J.Q. Xi M. Ojha Woojin Cho T. Gessmann E.F. Schubert J.L. Plawsky W.N. Gill Future Chip Constellation Rensselaer Polytech. Inst. Troy NY USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Physics Applied Physics & Astronomy

Triple-layer omni-directional reflectors (ODRs) consisting of a semiconductor, a transparent quarter-wavelength dielectric layer and metal layer have high reflectivities at all angles of incidence. In this paper, triple-layer ODRs are demonstrated that incorporate nanoporous SiO/sub 2/, a novel low-refractive-index (low-n) material with refractive indices n /spl Lt/ 1.46 as well as dense SiO/sub 2/ (n = 1.46). GaP and Ag serve as the semiconductor and metal layer materials, respectively. An angle-integrated transverse electric (TE) mode reflectivity of R/sub avg/|/sub TE/ = 99.9 % and transverse magnetic (TM) mode reflectivity R/sub avg/|/sub TM/ = 98.9 % are calculated for the triple-layer ODRs employing nanoporous SiO/sub 2/. Reflectivity measurements, including the angular dependence of R, are presented. Novel hybrid ODRs consisting of semiconductor, a several micron thick low-n dielectric material layer, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and metal layer have outstanding reflectivities for all incident angles. GaP and Ag serve as the semiconductor and metal layer, respectively. Nanoporous SiO/sub 2/ is used as the low-n material. TiO/sub 2/ and dense SiO/sub 2/ serve as the DBR materials. The angle-intergrated reflectivities of the TE and TM modes are calculated to be larger than 99.9% for the hybrid ODRs. The results indicate the great potential of the ODRs for light-emitting diodes with high light extraction efficiency.

关键词： Refractive index Nanoporous materials Reflectivity Semiconductor materials Dielectric materials Tellurium Distributed Bragg reflectors Inorganic materials Magnetic materials Magnetic semiconductors

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Panel on future challenges in modeling methodology

Panel on future challenges in modeling methodology

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Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Taylor, Simon J. E. Paul, Ray J. Straßburger, Steffen Lendermann, Peter Reichenthal, Steven W. Turner, Stephen J. Ctr. for Applied Simulation Modeling Dept. of Info. Systems and Computing Brunel University Uxbridge Middx UB8 3PH United Kingdom Fraunhofer Inst. Fact. Oper. A. Department Virtual Development Sandtorstraße 22 39106 Magdeburg Germany Prod. and Logistics Planning Group Singapore Inst. of Mfg. Technology 71 Nanyang Drive Singapore 638075 Singapore Boeing 3370 Miraloma Ave. Anaheim CA 92803 United States Parallel and Distributed Comp. Ctr. School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

This panel paper presents the views of six researchers and practitioners of simulation modeling, Collectively we attempt to address a range of key future challenges to modeling methodology. It is hoped that the views of this paper, and the presentations made by the panelists at the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference will raise awareness and stimulate further discussion on the future of modeling methodology in areas such as modeling problems in business applications, human factors and geographically dispersed networks;rapid model development and maintenance;legacy modeling approaches;markup languages;virtual interactive process design and simulation;standards;and Grid computing.

关键词： Information analysis

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Automatic recognition of spontaneous speech for access to multilingual oral history archives

Automatic recognition of spontaneous speech for access to mu...

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作者： Byrne, William Doermann, David Franz, Martin Gustman, Samuel Hajič, Jan Oard, Douglas Picheny, Michael Psutka, Josef Ramabhadran, Bhuvana Soergel, Dagobert Ward, Todd Zhu, Wei-Jing Ctr. for Lang. and Speech Processing Department of Electrical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 United States Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Natural Language Systems Department IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY 10598 United States Survivors Shoah Vis. Hist. Found. Los Angeles CA 90078 United States Inst. of Formal/Applied Linguistics Center for Computational Linguistics Charles University CZ-11800 Prague 1 Czech Republic Inst. for Advanced Computer Studies College of Information Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Hum. Lang. Technologies Department IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY 10598 United States Department of Cybernetics Center for Computational Linguistics University of West Bohemia CZ-30614 Pilsen Czech Republic College of Information Studies University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States

Much is known about the design of automated systems to search broadcast news, but it has only recently become possible to apply similar techniques to large collections of spontaneous speech. This paper presents initial results from experiments with speech recognition, topic segmentation, topic categorization, and named entity detection using a large collection of recorded oral histories. The work leverages a massive manual annotation effort on 10 000 h of spontaneous speech to evaluate the degree to which automatic speech recognition (ASR)-based segmentation and categorization techniques can be adapted to approximate decisions made by human annotators. ASR word error rates near 40% were achieved for both English and Czech for heavily accented, emotional and elderly spontaneous speech based on 65-84 h of transcribed speech. Topical segmentation based on shifts in the recognized English vocabulary resulted in 80% agreement with manually annotated boundary positions at a 0.35 false alarm rate. Categorization was considerably more challenging, with a nearest-neighbor technique yielding F = 0.3. This is less than half the value obtained by the same technique on a standard newswire categorization benchmark, but replication on human-transcribed interviews showed that ASR errors explain little of that difference. The paper concludes with a description of how these capabilities could be used together to search large collections of recorded oral histories.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Optimal partition of QoS requirements for many-to-many connections

Optimal partition of QoS requirements for many-to-many conne...

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22nd Annual Joint Conference on the IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Lorenz, Dean H. Orda, Ariel Raz, Danny Distributed Computer Systems IBM Haifa Research Labs Haifa Israel Department of Electrical Engineering Technion - Israel Inst. of Technol. Haifa Israel Department of Computer Science Technion - Israel Inst. of Technol. Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0780377524

We study problems related to supporting multicast connections with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. We investigate the problem of optimal resource allocation in the context of performance dependent costs. In this context each network element can offer several QoS guarantees, each associated with a different cost. This is a natural extension to the commonly used bi-criteria model, where each link is associated with a single delay and a single cost. This framework is simple yet strong enough to model many practical interesting networking problems. The fundamental multicast resource allocation problem under this framework is how to optimally allocate QoS requirements on the links of the multicast tree. One needs to partition the end-to-end QoS requirement along the various paths in a tree. The goal is to satisfy the end-to-end QoS requirement with minimum cost. Previous studies under this framework considered single-source multicast connections, where the End-to-end QoS requirement is specified from the source to all other multicast group members. In this paper we extend these results to the more general, and considerably harder case of multicast sessions, where the end-to-end requirement hold for every path between any two multicast group members. Our aim is to provide rigorous solutions, with proven performance guaranties, by way of algorithmic analysis. The problem under investigation is NP hard for general cost functions, thus we first present a pseudo-polynomial exact solution. From this solution we derive two efficient Ε-approximate solutions. One achieves optimal cost, but may violate the end-to-end delay requirement by a factor of (1 + Ε), and the other strictly obeys the bounds and achieves a cost within a factor of (1+Ε) of the optimum. Furthermore, we present improved results for discrete cost functions, and give a simple linear-time exact polynomial solution for a specific, and practically interesting, family of convex cost functions.

关键词： Quality of service

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Technology transfer to developing countries and technological development for social stability

Technology transfer to developing countries and technologica...

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2003 IFAC Workshop on Technology and International Stability 2003

作者： Dimirovski, G.M. Taiha Dinibutun, A. Dogus University Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Acibadem Zeamet Sk. No21 Kadikoy-IstanbulTR-34722 Turkey SS Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Electrical Engineering Inst. of Automation and Systems Eng. SkopjeMK- 1000 Macedonia

This is the scond part of a easy study reports on an attempt to develope a framework and conceptual mode! of optimising development decisions in technology transfer for social stability and sustainable society development. It is grounded on Mansour's systems science approach to the contemporary society systems and of his philosophy of fairness and justice on the presumptions laid dawn by of ethics and ecumenical religious tolerance, and on Dimirovski's strucatural system model of of the interactive impact of human-centred systems in knowledge and technology transfer for development and co-operation. It is claimed that social consciousness world-wide identifies different standards and preconditions that countries of so-called West introduced insofar into tackling the issues of the globalisation have induced individual and collective anti-globalisation opposition processes, regardless the fact that process of economic and cultural globalization is a natural developmental phenomenon within contemporary societies of Mankind, The issues and problems of a fairness transfer of both knowledge and technology to less and developing countries may well be a crucial tool for enhancing the positive effects of the globalisation. Copyright © 2003 1FAC

关键词： Sustainable development

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Incorporating complex statistical information in active contour-based image segmentation

Incorporating complex statistical information in active cont...

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Proceedings: 2003 International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP-2003

作者： Kim, Junmo Fisher III, John W. Cetin, Mujdat Yezzi Jr., Anthony Willsky, Alan S. Lab. for Info. and Decision Systems Massachusetts Inst. of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 United States Sch. of Elec./Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States

We propose an information-theoretic method for multi-phase image segmentation, in an active contour-based framework. Our approach is based on nonparametric density estimates, and is able to solve problems involving arbitrary probability densities for the region intensities. This is achieved by maximizing the mutual information between the region labels and the image pixel intensities, in order to segment up to 2m regions using m curves. The method does not require any prior training regarding the regions of interest, but rather learns the probability densities during the evolution process. We present some illustrative experimental results, demonstrating the power of the proposed segmentation approach.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A scenario for a web-based radiation treatment planning structure: A new tool for quality assurance procedure?

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Technology and Health Care 2003年第2期11卷 105-114页

作者： Kouloulias, Vassilis E. Ntasis, E. Poortmans, Ph. Maniatis, T.A. Nikita, K.S. Europ. Org. Res./Treatm. of Cancer Data Center Radiotherapy Group B1200 Brussels Av. Mounier 83 Belgium Inst. of Commun./Computer Systems Natl. Technical University of Athens Zografou Athens Iroon Polytechniou 9 Greece Dr. Bernard Verbeeten Instituut Department of Radiotherapy Tilburg Netherlands Inst. of Comp./Communication Systems Dept. of Elec./Computer Engineering Natl. Technical University of Athens Zografos 15773 Athens 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street Greece

The desire to develop web-based platforms for remote collaboration among physicians and technologists is becoming a great challenge. In this paper we describe a web-based radiotherapy treatment planning (WBRTP) system to facilitate decentralized radiotherapy services by allowing remote treatment planning and quality assurance (QA) of treatment delivery. Significant prerequisites are digital storage of relevant data as well as efficient and reliable telecommunication system between collaborating units. The system of WBRTP includes video conferencing, display of medical images (CT scans, dose distributions etc), replication of selected data from a common database, remote treatment planning, evaluation of treatment technique and follow-up of the treated patients. Moreover the system features real-time remote operations in terms of tele-consulting like target volume delineation performed by a team of experts at different and distant units. An appraisal of its possibilities in quality assurance in radiotherapy is also discussed. As a conclusion, a WBRTP system would not only be a medium for communication between experts in oncology but mainly a tool for improving the QA in radiotherapy.

关键词： Radiotherapy Treatment planning Web-based telemedicine

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