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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

NAVAL engineerS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL engineerS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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ISDN LOOP EXTENSION USING A MID-SPAN AMPLIFIER

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION systems 1995年第3期8卷 219-224页

作者： ERKER, GJ DODDS, DE KRZYMIEN, WA David E. Dodds was born in Saskatoon Canada in 1945. He received the B. Eng. and MSc. degrees from the University of Saskatchewan in 1966 and 1968 respectively. He worked with Bell Northern Research (Ottawa) on PBX design in 1969 1972 and 1978. Since 1969 he has been with the University of Saskatchewan where he is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering. He teaches courses in electronics and communications and also presents short courses on the fundamentals of telephony. Current research interests are in data transmission signal processing architecture and frame synchronization for PCM and spread spectrum systems. He has been granted five patents relating to commercial products in delta-modulation telephone line interfacing and computer data transmission. In 1986 he was on sabbatical leave at BNR Inc. and worked with an ANSI committee on the standardization of FDDI-II a combined voice and data system. Mr. Dodds is a Registered Consulting Engineer in Saskatchewan. Witold A. Krzyden received his MSc. (Eng.) and Ph.D. degrees (both in Electrical Engineering) in 1970 and 1978 respectively from the Poznan Technical University in Poznan Poland. He was awarded the Minister's of Science and Technology Prize of Excellence for his Ph.D. thesis. From 1970 to 1978 he was a Research Engineer and Teaching Assistant and then from 1978 to 1980 an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Poznan Technical University. In 1980 he won a Dutch Government Research Fellowship at the Twente University of Technology in Enschede the Netherlands for the year of 1980/1981. In the following year of 1981/82 he was a Research Assistant Professor there. From 1982 to 1986 he was an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay Ontario Canada. In 1986 he joined the Univeristy of Alberta and Alberta Telecommunications Research Centre (now Telecommunications Research Laboratories or TRLabs) as an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering. Currently he is a Professor of E

The 5.5 km range of the basic rate ISDN loop has been extended by using a negative impedance amplifier and by using a 2 wire/4 wire (2w/4w) amplifier. The negative impedance amplifier extends the range of the loop by 1.0 km, whereas the 2w/4w amplifier extends the range by 1.5 km at the expense of increased complexity. As part of the amplifer design, a resistor/capacitor network has been developed which closely matches the characteristic impedance of telephone cable. Error rate tests have been conducted using various lengths of cable and an operating ISDN line.

关键词： ISDN PHYSICAL LAYER BASIC RATE LOOP RANGE EXTENSION

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Seeing: machine vision

Seeing: machine vision

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： E.A. Franke Institute Engineer Automation and Data Systems Division Southwest Research Institute USA

Even though computer vision systems are not able to match the ability of biological vision in dealing with complex scenes, many problems are being solved. Often multiple sensors are used, including stereo cameras, structured light patterns, laser light striping, and multiple optical wave lengths. The use of sensor fusion to combine information from these multiple sensors provides robust and high speed systems. As computer, electronic and sensor technology develops, this application of multiple types of sensors with high speed data fusion can be expected to increase and provide more robust systems for the future.< >

关键词： Machine vision Sensor fusion Biosensors Optical sensors Robustness Sensor systems and applications Computer vision Layout Stereo vision Cameras

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An optimal algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor searching 94

An optimal algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor search...

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Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms

作者： Sunil Arya David M. Mount Nathan S. Netanyahu Ruth Silverman Angela Wu Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Im Stadtwald D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park Maryland Space Data and Computing Division NASA Goddard Space and Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland and Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park Maryland Department of Computer Science University of the District of Columbia Washington DC and Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park Maryland Department of Computer Science and Information Systems The American University Washington DC

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THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM - RISK-BASED RESOURCE PROGRAMMING AT WORK

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NAVAL engineerS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 279-284页

作者： JACOBS, KS SODERSTROM, GW Kenneth S. Jacobs:is the director of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Surface Ship Maintenance Division. Originally trained as a data systems technician he attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk Virginia graduating with a BS degree in mechanical engineering in 1975. Over the course of the last eighteen years Mr. Jacobs has served in NavSea as a project engineer for boats and service craft as the type desk for AFS AOR AO and AOG ship types and as manager of the Amphibious and Auxiliary Ship Maintenance Strategy Program where he was instrumental in the development and implementation of the Phased Maintenance Program. He has authored several papers on the subject of ship maintenance and is a member of Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society ASNE and the Association of Scientists and Engineers. Grant W. Soderstrom:is an engineer with American Management Systems Inc. He received his BS in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1983 and his MS in systems engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1991. While on active duty he served as weapons officer and in various engineering positions on nuclear submarines qualifying as a naval nuclear engineer. His maintenance experience includes a submarine refueling overhaul. For the past two years he has been involved with surface ship maintenance engineering.

The U.S. Navy has refined its Program Objective Memorandum (POM) development process to ensure that future budgets provide adequate ship maintenance funding while maintaining the proper balance between force structure and force readiness. The Maintenance Requirements System (MRS) is now the process which allows the U.S. Navy Surface Ship community to forecast and defend its requirements by articulating the potential mission impact (risk) of funding constraints. Risk is defined across many disciplines as the product of the severity of an outcome and the probability of an outcome. For maintenance, we define relative risk as the severity of system failure times the probability of system failure if a maintenance task is not performed. Any limited budget carries some risk, since some maintenance tasks will not be funded. When funding for a future availability is constrained, MRS sorts the representative maintenance tasks in descending order of risk and cuts the list based on funding. MRS then identifies the mission impact of each unfunded maintenance task. This method does not predict or dictate the actual maintenance performed on each ship in the future, but through feedback it projects the types and costs of required maintenance and provides an estimate of the impact of funding constraints. This paper outlines the basic principles of risk-based decision making, provides a detailed discussion of an actual risk-based decision making process (MRS), and suggests some other maintenance applications of risk-based decision making.

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EFFECTS OF SAMPLE ISOLATION AND HANDLING ON THE RECOVERY OF PURGEABLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第2期14卷 142-152页

作者： GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE FICKEN, JH PANKOW, JF ROSEN, ME Jacob Gibs is a water quality specialist with the USGS Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 206 West Trenton NJ 08628). He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1968 his M.S. in environmental engineering in 1975 and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering in 1983 all from Drexel University in Philadelphia. His research interests include evaluating representative ground water and surface water sampling techniques for trace levels of organic and inorganic compounds and designing new sampling devices. Thomas E. Imbrigiotta received a B.S. in chemistry with a concentration in environmental studies from Oakland University Rochester Michigan in 1975. He then attended the University of Wisconsin Madison and received an M.S. in water chemistry in 1982. He has been a hydrologist with the USGS Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 206 West Trenton NJ 08628) since 1977. He worked in the Indiana District from 1977 to 1984 prior to coming to the New Jersey District. Currently he is project coordinator for the Picatinny Research project a study of the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in ground water at Picatinny Arsenal New Jersey. Previously he was chief of a project evaluating sampling techniques for organics in ground water. James H. Ficken worked for the USGS Water Resources Division as a chemical engineer from 1964 to 1992. He received his B.S. in chemical engineering in 1962 from Washington University in St. Louis Missouri. His research interests were water quality instrumentation and sensors that measure real-time environmental data. He contributed as a team member to the design and development of the USGS water quality flow-through and mini-monitor system. Ficken passed away in 1992. James F. Pankow is a professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering P.O. Box 1900 Portland OR 97291–1000). He

This report compares the recovery of purgeable organic compounds (POCs) obtained by using a downhole isobaric sampler developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, a helical-rotor submersible pump, and a point source bailer to collect and isolate samples of ground water from three wells in New York and New Jersey, the samples contained a total of 13 POCs detectable at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mug/L to about 400 mug/L. This report also compares the effects of sample handling, specifically the differences in POC concentration recovery when an isobaric sample container is filled at land surface vs. when it is filled downhole, and when samples are taken using a bailer with and without a bottom-emptying device. These case studies are used to quantify the possible effects of different sample-isolation and sample-handling techniques on POC recovery. The relative effectiveness of the three devices varied by site and by compound. Overall, the POC recoveries achieved by using the helical-rotor submersible pump and the downhole isobaric sampler were not significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level. POC recovery obtained by using the point source bailer was 11 percent lower overall. The downhole isobaric sampler results exhibited smaller coefficients of variation than did the helical-rotor submersible pump or the point-source bailer results. However, the differences between the coefficients of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler and those of the helical-rotor submersible pump were not significant the 95 percent confidence level. The nonsignificant smaller coefficient of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler apparently resulted from two fewer sample handling steps that exposed the sample water to ambient air. An independent experiment performed with a different downhole sampler at one of the wells used in this investigation produced a similar statistical result. Also, the POC recovery obtained by pouring sample water out the top Of a point source bail

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HYBRID SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 313-327页

作者： CHITRE, DM SHYY, DJ EPHREMIDES, A GUPTA, S COMSAT Laboratories 22300 Comsat Drive Clarksburg MD 20871–9475 USA. Received his B.Sc. from the University of Bombay India an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Cambridge U.K. and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. He is currently an Associate Executive Director of the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. He has been involved in research and development activities in ISDN VSAT networks data communications and network systems and architectures. Prior to his current positions Dr. Chitre was a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. Dr. Chitre joined COMSAT Laboratories in 1980. He has made major contributions to the analysis and architecture of data communication ISDN and BISDN via satellite. Dr. Chitre directs and participates in the international and national standards activities in ISDN BISDN and data communication as they apply to satellite communication. He was Chairman of the Working Group on Protocols and Network Timing Function of the CCIR/CCITT Joint Ad Hoc Group on ISDN/Satellite Matters during 1990–1992. Currently he is the Chairman of the Working Group on New Technologies in the ITU Intersector Coordinating Group (ICG) on Satellite Matters. Dr. Chitre was a programme manager during 1990 and 1991 on a contract from INTELSAT on systems studies on satellite communications systems architectures for ISDN and broadband ISDN systems. Currently he is the technical manager of the DoD Contract on ATM via satellite demonstration and the programme manager for the INTELSAT contract on analysis and top-level specification of INTELSAT ISDN subnetworks and SDH compatible transport network. Received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from national Chiao-Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan in 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA in 1986 and 1990 respectively. From June 1987 to October 1987 he worked for the Department of Neurology Emory Univers

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (on-board switching/processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis and simulation, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the on-board switching/processing, makes it feasible to provide these new services via hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks in a resource-efficient manner.

关键词： HYBRID NETWORKS ON-BOARD PROCESSING FRAME RELAY

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AN APPROACH TO TURN-KEY COMMUNICATIONS SUITES FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION SHIPS

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NAVAL engineerS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 95-104页

作者： BIONDI, RJ KELLER, BA RISTY, D Roy J. Biondi:is deputy program manager for Ship and Shore Communications (PMW-J52A) at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SpaWar). During his tenure at SpaWar he has had responsibility for managing the design acquisition integration installation and life cycle support of ship and shore naval communications systems. Before coming to SpaWar Mr. Biondi was head of the Combat Support Systems Integration Division (NavSea 61X1) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center he was project engineer for the Naval Tactical Data System display system and the AN/SPS-48 radar eventually becoming the head of the Radar Branch in NavSEC/NavSea. He received his B.S.E.E. from the University of Illinois and did postgraduate work at the George Washington University. Barbara A. Keller:is the head of the New Construction (SCN) Ship Communications Design and Integration Branch (PMW-152–31) of SpaWar. She previously was head of the Combatant Ship Radio Communications System Design Branch. Ms. Keller has also served as radio communications system design manager for the DDG-51 class and she has held similar positions for the CVN-68 T-AO-187 and AOE-6 programs. She began her career at SpaWar in the Topside Design and Electromagnetic Effects Division (ELEX 832) after receiving her bachelor of chemical engineering from the University of Delaware. Upon employment with the Navy she completed a conversion program to electronics engineering through studies at the George Washington University. She received her M.B.A. from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Donald Risty:is a senior systems analyst at SEMCOR Inc. where he provides technical management support for shipboard communications programs. He has served as configuration management unit manager and DDG-51 Class Radio Communication System project manager. Mr. Risty came to SEMCOR from the NCR Corporation where he was an engineering writer. He received his B.S. in mathematics and English from the University of Cali

''Turn-Key'' is an innovative approach for the design, acquisition, integration, and installation of Radio Communications systems for new construction ships. It has been developed bv the Space and Naval Warfare systems Command (SpaWar) to cope with the growing problem of ships being delivered to the fleet with outdated or obsolete communications technology. The Turn-Kev approach provides botb performance and affordabilitv benerits. Under the traditional ship design process, the baseline configuration of the communications suite is effectivelv frozen 5-7 years before deliverv of the ship. In the current fixed price shipbuilding environment, the costs of engineering change proposals (ECPs) to implement communications suite design changes have become prohibitive. The design inflexibilitv created by these schedule and cost constraints affects the Navv's abilitv to implement communications technology advancements in new construction ships. At the point of delivery, most new construction ships alreadv have an inherent ''bow-wave of required communications subsystem/equipment upgrades which must be accomplished under the Fleet Modernization Program. Under the turn-kev approach, the Navv assumes full responsibility for design, acquisition, land-based system integration, and (in some cases) shipboard installation and test of the communications suite. The shipbuilder provides necessarv electrical power, ventilation, and cooling services, based on established allocations. This approach greatly reduces the Navy's GFI requirements and ECP costs to the shipbuilder and therebv gains the design flexibilitv necessarv for incorporation of up-to-date communications technology prior to ship delivery. Since the shipbuilding ECP cost penalties associated with implementing communications technology upgrades are reduced, the turn-key approach enables performance improvements while providing affordabilitv benefits. The turn-key approach already has been used successfully for installation of

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COMPARISON OF DOWNHOLE AND SURFACE SAMPLING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS (VOCS) IN GROUND-WATER

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1992年第1期12卷 126-133页

作者： ROSEN, ME PANKOW, JF GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE Michael E. Rosen received his B.A. in chemistry from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1981 and a Ph.D. in environmental science and engineering from the Oregon Graduate Institute in 1988. His research interests include trace environmental analysis of organic compounds. He is now manager of the Voluntary Cleanup Section of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (Environmental Cleanup Division 811 S.W. 6th Ave. Portland OR 97204) where he is working to develop streamlined procedures and processes for the investigation and cleanup of hazardous substance sites. James F. Pankow is professor and chairman of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering 19600 N.W. von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006–1999). He received his B.A. in chemistry in 1973 from the State University of New York in Binghamton and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in 1979. His group is involved in the study of the physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of organic and inorganic chemicals in the environment. This work includes the development and application of sensitive analytical methods for the determination of trace organic contaminants in ground water systems. Jacob Gibs is an environmental engineer with the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 207 West Trenton NJ 08628). He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1968 an M.S. in environmental engineering in 1975 and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering in 1983 all from Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He is currently project chief of a study on representative sampling of ground water for trace levels of organic compounds. His research interests include evaluating ground water sampling techniques and devices for purgeable organic compounds design of sampling

The relative precision and accuracy of sampling and analysis methods for the determination of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water were compared. Samples were collected from a well containing nanogram-per-liter (ng/L) to microgram-per-liter (mu-g/L) levels of VOCs. A Keck helical rotor submersible pump was used to collect samples at the surface for analysis by purge and trap (P&T) and for analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Downhole samples were collected by passing water through an ATD cartridge. Although slight spontaneous bubble outgassing occurred when the water was brought to the surface, the relative precisions and comparabilities of the surface and downhole methods were generally found to be equivalent from a statistical point of view. A main conclusion of this study is that bringing sample water to the surface for placement in VOC vials (and subsequent analysis by P&T) can be done reliably under many circumstances. However, care must still be taken to prevent adsorption losses and cross contamination. Samples subject to strong bubble outgassing will need to be handled in a special fashion (e.g., by downhole ATD) to minimize volatilization losses. Additionally, the higher sensitivity of the ATD method allows lower detection limits than are possible with P&T. For example, several compounds present at the ng/L level could be determined with confidence by ATD, but not by P&T.

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