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IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Jan Wachter Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Germany

The retrofit of the energy system leads to new challenges for the control of power electronic devices. To account for parametric uncertainties of passive elements, or unknown ambient conditions in real-world applications, the use of proportional-integral (PI) controllers in cascaded schemes is common. Observer based adaptive control approaches can be leveraged to accommodate such uncertainties and at the same time provide parameter estimates and enable model based control approaches. From an application perspective, the question arises about the consequences of wrong modelling assumptions, for example regarding the often unknown load type. In this work an interleaved DC/DC boost converter is considered, that supplies a DC-bus to which generally unknown loads can be connected, such as a grid-tied three phase inverter. This paper illustrates the design of an observer based adaptive controller using the Immersion & Invariance framework with an energy shaping plus damping injection passivity based controller. A highly simplified, large signal plant model as well as the assumption of a purely resistive load are used for the design. The provided experimental results show that the adaptive controller is able to cope with violations of the modeling assumptions concerning the load type in a real-world application scenario.

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Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniques for an Exemplary Structure of an Oxygen Sensor on a Polyimide Substrate

Optimised Inkjet-Printing Parameters and Processing Techniqu...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Lisa Petanil Anja Schweizer Christian Pylatiuk Peter Stiller Klaus-Martin Reichert Ulrich Gengenbach Martin Ungerer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Inkjet-printing of electrochemical sensors is a rapidly developing fabrication method. Careful selection of pre-processing methods, inkjet-printing parameters, and post-processing methods is crucial for the features of the final sensor. In particular the interaction of inks and substrate is essential for setting the pre- and post-processing conditions as well as the inkjet-printing parameters. Here, commercial gold, silver, and passivation inks are printed onto a Polyimide substrate and investigated with different processing parameters. A literature search has shown that there is a lack of systematic investigation of the processing conditions for this material combination. Optimal processing parameters are presented here for this combination of materials. With the identified processing parameters, we reproducibly achieve low resistivities for gold and silver nanoparticle inks.

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On Higher-Order Averaging and Flatness

On Higher-Order Averaging and Flatness

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International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Adam Kastner Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Averaging methods are widely used for the control-oriented modeling of systems where high-frequency actuation is used to steer the average of the control variables, such as switching power converters or mechanical systems with vibrational control. Higher-order averaging provides approximations for the trajectories with improved accuracy compared to the commonly used first-order averaging method. Furthermore, differential flatness is a property of dynamical systems which allows parametrizing state and input trajectories from a flat output without integration. In this contribution we investigate the relation between higher-order averaging and flatness via examples of electrical and mechanical systems.

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Continuous Measurement of Individual Formaldehyde Exposure with a DIY Photometer

Continuous Measurement of Individual Formaldehyde Exposure w...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Lisa Petani Markus Lorenz Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Formaldehyde is widely used in pathology for the preservation of tissue specimens. Due to a lack of alternatives, it continues to be used despite its toxic properties. Currently existing sensors are not suitable for daily use in pathology due to their long reaction times in the range of minutes (electrochemical) or the size of their volume of more than 5 liters (optical). In order to accurately record the individual exposure of employees and thus enable targeted protective measures, a mobile formaldehyde sensor based on a 340 nm UV-LED is presented. To enhance the absorption in a compact design, a multi-pass cell is developed that extends the light-gas interaction by mirroring the light. With the developed photometer, it is possible to measure formaldehyde concentrations down to a minimum of 2 ppm at an averaging period of 1 s. The limiting factor to further decrease the lowest measurement limit of the photometer is the light loss in the multi-pass cell due to beam expansion and absorption by the mirrors. Possibilities to reduce the light loss are shown in order to monitor the permissible individual exposure at work of 0.3 ppm.

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Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

Flatness of Some DC Microgrid Topologies

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IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

作者： Adam Kastner Lutz Gröll Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

It is well-known that the state-space averaged models of buck and boost converters possess the property of differential flatness, which can prove beneficial to control design. This paper investigates the differential flatness of systems that consist of buck and boost converters interconnected at their outputs in three structures, which model DC microgrids with different properties. We present the mathematical form of potential flat outputs which depends on the number of converters of each type. Flatness-based feedforward control is demonstrated in simulations for all three types of interconnection. A numerical solution of the implicit flat parametrization is used where the explicit flat parametrization is not available.

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Introducing PROOF - A PROcess Orchestration Framework for the automation of Computational Scientific Workflows and Co-Simulations

Introducing PROOF - A PROcess Orchestration Framework for th...

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Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES)

作者： Jianlei Liu Malte Chlosta Nicolas Schaber Jannik Sidler Richard Lutz Thorsten Schlachter Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Scientists and engineers involved in the design of complex system solutions use computational Workflows and co-simulations to explore, model, and evaluate the behavior of these system solutions. With the help of integration tools, scientists and engineers can avoid the implementation of additional interfaces when coupling different executables and running them as an overall system solution, which hinders their original research or engineering goals. Therefore, a novel framework named PROcess Orchestration Framework (PROOF) for streamlining the creation and automation of computational workflows and co-simulations is introduced in this article. It uses state-of-the-art technologies for automation (e.g., container virtualization) and coordination (e.g., distributed message-oriented middleware). It supports task parallelism and recoverability capabilities by utilizing container orchestration on a distributed computing cluster. PROOF uses a descriptive approach to abstractly create workflows with the help of a scalable and extendable user interface.

关键词： Couplings automation Message-oriented middleware Computational modeling Containers User interfaces Parallel processing

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A Review on Novel District Concepts in Urban Energy Systems

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Galenzowski, Johannes Waczowicz, Simon Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Tajalli-Ardekani, Erfan Beichter, Sebastian Ekin, Ömer Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Kaiserstraße 12 Karlsruhe76131 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in novel concepts for jointly operating devices in urban areas in clusters, motivated by their potential to support decarbonization, enhance power system flexibility, and promote energy justice. Such clusters encompass multiple devices or buildings but operate on a smaller scale than cities. Examples include Renewable Energy Communities and Positive Energy Districts. These Novel District Concepts (NDCs) integrate interdisciplinary urban planning and social sciences terminology into the energy domain. However, these concept’s precise definitions and practical implementation lack consistency, leading to conceptual ambiguities in the literature. ... (see comment to the editor) © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clean energy

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Design-and Simulation of a Body-Worn Optical Xylene Measuring Device for Use in Pathology

Design-and Simulation of a Body-Worn Optical Xylene Measurin...

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Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Ingo Sieber Alen Deleut Lisa Petani Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) Karlsruhe Institiute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350378269

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378276

In pathology, xylene is used in various process steps to prepare tissue samples for further examination and is essential despite potential health risks. To protect employees, it is desirable to monitor exposures to individuals using a wearable detector. This article presents the design and simulation of a xylene measuring device based on a multi pass cell, which is the size of a smartphone and thus allows the measuring unit to be worn comfortably on the body. The geometrical and metrological requirements result in a beam path of approximately 2000 mm, folded to such an extent that it undercuts 28 reflections on its path.

关键词： Pathology Optical design Optical variables measurement Packaging Optical detectors Size measurement Reflection

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Assessing Political Bias in Large Language Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rettenberger, Luca Reischl, Markus Schutera, Mark Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-vonHelmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermannvon-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

The assessment of bias within Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical concern in the contemporary discourse surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the context of their potential impact on societal dynamics. Recognizing and considering political bias within LLM applications is especially important when closing in on the tipping point toward performative prediction. Then, being educated about potential effects and the societal behavior LLMs can drive at scale due to their interplay with human operators. In this way, the upcoming elections of the European Parliament will not remain unaffected by LLMs. We evaluate the political bias of the currently most popular open-source LLMs (instruct or assistant models) concerning political issues within the European Union (EU) from a German voter's perspective. To do so, we use the"Wahl-O-Mat," a voting advice application used in Germany. From the voting advice of the"Wahl-O-Mat" we quantize the degree of alignment of LLMs with German political parties. We show that larger models, such as Llama3-70B, tend to align more closely with left-leaning political parties, while smaller models often remain neutral, particularly when prompted in English. The central finding is that LLMs are similarly biased, with low variances in the alignment concerning a specific party. Our findings underline the importance of rigorously assessing and making bias transparent in LLMs to safeguard the integrity and trustworthiness of applications that employ the capabilities of performative prediction and the invisible hand of machine learning prediction and language generation. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Demand Response for a Novel Decentralized Power-To-Methanol Process

Demand Response for a Novel Decentralized Power-To-Methanol ...

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International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)

作者： Max Kollmer Markus Vogelbacher Mücahit Terzi Mohit Singh Francisco Vidal-Vazquez Jörg Matthes Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Institute for Micro Process Engineering Karlsruhe Institute for Technology ICODOS GmbH Mannheim

ISBN: (数字)9798350386493

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386509

Due to the increasing share of renewable energies, the role of demand response and production planning is becoming more important. Power-to-X (PtX) technologies, especially power-to-methanol (PtM), are particularly suitable for storing excess energy, as these processes are highly flexible as they can be ramped up and down quickly. In this work, an optimization framework for the flexibilization of a novel power to methanol process that uses decentralized carbon dioxide point sources is developed. Based on simulation data of the stationary operation of a power to methanol process, a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP) considering buffer storages, an electrolyser and a power to methanol plant is constructed. The optimal operation is determined taking into account variable electricity costs, varying renewable electricity supply and various production constraints. It has been shown that a suitable scheduling of the process can achieve cost savings up to twenty percent, depending on the boundary conditions and configuration.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Costs Electricity Power system dynamics Production planning Power grids Demand response Optimization Methanol Testing

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