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Privacy-Preserving Utilization of Distribution System Flexibility for Enhanced TSO-DSO Interoperability: A Novel Machine Learning-Based Optimal Power Flow Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dindar, Burak Saner, Can Berk Çakmak, Hüseyin K. Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe76131 Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117581 Singapore

Due to the transformation of the power system, the effective use of flexibility from the distribution system (DS) is becoming crucial for efficient network management. Leveraging this flexibility requires interoperability among stakeholders, including Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs). However, data privacy concerns among stakeholders present significant challenges for utilizing this flexibility effectively. To address these challenges, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based method in which the technical constraints of the DSs are represented by ML models trained exclusively on non-sensitive data. Using these models, the TSO can solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem and directly determine the dispatch of flexibility-providing units (FPUs)—in our case, distributed generators (DGs)-in a single round of communication. To achieve this, we introduce a novel neural network (NN) architecture specifically designed to efficiently represent the feasible region of the DSs, ensuring computational effectiveness. Furthermore, we incorporate various PQ charts rather than idealized ones, demonstrating that the proposed method is adaptable to a wide range of FPU characteristics. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, we benchmark it against the standard AC-OPF on multiple DSs with meshed connections and multiple points of common coupling (PCCs) with varying voltage magnitudes. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method achieves performant results while prioritizing data privacy. Additionally, since this method directly determines the dispatch of FPUs, it eliminates the need for an additional disaggregation step. By representing the DSs technical constraints through ML models trained exclusively on nonsensitive data, the transfer of sensitive information between stakeholders is prevented. Consequently, even if reverse engineering is applied to these ML models, no sensitive data can be extracted. This allows

关键词： Reverse engineering

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Automated Production Data Integration and Processing via Simulation Based Digital Twin

Automated Production Data Integration and Processing via Sim...

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MECHATRONIKA International Symposium

作者： Fedor Burčiar Martin Juhás Bohuslava Juhásová Pavel VaŽan Igor Halenár Lenka Halenárová Institute of Applied informatics Automation and Mechatronics Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Trnava Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9798350394900

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394917

Recent developments in the production sector are slowly beginning to test Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and their ability to compete with the remainder of the market, especially the enterprises specializing in large-scale mass production. The ever-increasing demand gradually creates a large gap between the various competitors and often forces the SME to take risks when making important decisions regarding production control. One of the solutions to this problem can be the use of a simulation based Digital Twin (DT) as a decisionmaking tool for production control. Naturally, the established on-site hardware and software differs for each job-shop, thus making the creation of generally applicable solutions almost impossible. The biggest issue that needs to be solved is the discrepancy in data between the on-site software and the newly created DT of the production line. Manual data transformation and transfer is one of the options for the integration process, but it requires an experienced operator with a specific skillset to perform the actions necessary for seamless execution of this process. Automating the process of data integration between two systems helps alleviate the entry requirements for the DT technology implementation into a job-shop environment. The presented case study explores the possibility of using automated algorithms for production order data evaluation and processing which can be applied to other data types with minor adjustments to the methods proposed.

关键词： Mass production Mechatronics Data integration Production control Reliability engineering Software Hardware Digital twins Testing Sorting

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Nonlinear Analysis of the Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2024年

作者： Ponomarev, Anton Hagenmeyer, Veit Gröll, Lutz Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Baden-Württemberg Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

The synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL), also called dqPLL, is an electric circuit commonly used in power electronics to estimate the phase angle of a three-phase AC grid. If the voltage is unbalanced, the PLL is modeled as a periodically forced nonlinear oscillator and is known in practice to converge to a steady oscillation. In the existing literature, the oscillation has been studied via linearization assuming a low level of unbalance. Aiming for stronger nonlocal statements, we present nonlinear analysis. We apply the method of autonomous comparison systems and incremental stability to show that the steady oscillation is unique and attractive in a wider neighborhood. Its lock-in domain is estimated using numerical phase portrait analysis. The oscillation is further approximated up to the terms of the second order in the unbalance factor – it yields an estimation of the time average of the PLL’s phase error which is not visible by linearization only. The results provide stability guarantees and can guide the tuning of SRF-PLL. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Phase locked loops

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LQR and Pole Placement Controllers with Integral Action Design Technique and Performance Analysis for Control of Temperature Field in Continuous Casting Process

LQR and Pole Placement Controllers with Integral Action Desi...

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International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC)

作者： Sohaibullah Zarghoon Cyril Belavý Institute of Automation Measurement and Applied Informatics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Solvak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

This paper presents the design of Linear Quadratic Regulator and Pole Placement controllers with integral action using MATLAB and Simulink for controlling the temperature field in the secondary cooling zone of a continuous casting process. The secondary cooling zone in continuous casting represents a distributed parameter system. During steel production, the type of steel produced changes continuously, necessitating a control system that can respond quickly and flexibly. We compared the performance of the Linear Quadratic Regulator and Pole Placement control techniques for the temperature field in the secondary cooling zone by analyzing the system’s response. The simulation results demonstrate that the Linear Quadratic Regulator technique outperforms the Pole Placement technique for the specified system.

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Ensuring Data Privacy in AC Optimal Power Flow with a Distributed Co-Simulation Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dai, Xinliang Kocher, Alexander Kovačević, Jovana Dindar, Burak Jiang, Yuning Jones, Colin Çakmak, Hüseyin Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Automatic Control Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland

During the energy transition, the significance of collaborative management among institutions is rising, confronting challenges posed by data privacy concerns. Prevailing research on distributed approaches, as an alternative to centralized management, often lacks numerical convergence guarantees or is limited to single-machine numerical simulation. To address this, we present a distributed approach for solving AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems within a geographically distributed environment. This involves integrating the energy system Co-Simulation (eCoSim) module in the eASiMOV framework with the convergence-guaranteed distributed optimization algorithm, i.e., the Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (ALADIN). Comprehensive evaluations across multiple system scenarios reveal a marginal performance slowdown compared to the centralized approach and the distributed approach executed on single machines—a justified trade-off for enhanced data privacy. This investigation serves as empirical validation of the successful execution of distributed AC OPF within a geographically distributed environment, highlighting potential directions for future research. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data privacy

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Dissolved ozone sensing in water and blood based on commercial screen-printed and BDD electrodes

Dissolved ozone sensing in water and blood based on commerci...

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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Lisa Petani Lea Llupa Zhen Peng Genki Ogata Liane Koker Ulrich Gengenbach Yasuaki Einaga Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Department of Chemistry Keio University Yokohama Japan

Dissolved ozone sensing in water is crucial for a variety of applications, including water treatment, food processing, and medical therapies, as ozone is widely used as an oxidising agent in these processes. Furthermore, dissolved ozone sensing in blood is important for medical therapies. We present a novel dissolved ozone sensor for measurement in water, based on commercially available screen-printed electrodes covered with different porous membranes made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and non porous membranes made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). With PTFE, a root mean squared error (RMSE), which is the difference between the novel sensor and the reference spectrometer, of 3.62 mg l −1 can be achieved, while with PDMS a RMSE of 6.34 mg l −1 is obtained. Also, we investigated the measurement of dissolved ozone in blood with membrane-free and electrolyte-free boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The proposed dissolved ozone sensors offer a promising solution for inexpensive monitoring of dissolved ozone concentrations in water and blood with a compact design.

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From Stationary to Flexible Plant Operation: Extension of a Co-Current Rotary Dryer Model for Energy Demand Flexibility

From Stationary to Flexible Plant Operation: Extension of a ...

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International Conference on Process Control (PC)

作者： Jan M. Schaßberger Veit Hagenmeyer Lutz Gröll Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany

Industrial greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced to meet the climate goals. One suitable measure is the electrification of industrial processes, which poses great challenges in conjunction with the necessary transition of the electrical grid towards renewable energy sources. In this context demand side flexibility of energy-intensive industrial processes is considered to take a key role, which requires suitable models that can predict the system behavior over a large operating range. For this reason, we developed in the past a new model of a co-current rotary dryer as an example of this energy-intensive process group with the focus on energy demand flexibility. In the present paper, this model is extended by the consideration of the dryer shell, which is usually neglected in modeling. By simulation it is shown that the shell has a small influence on the temperature and humidity profiles in a stationary state. However, transient simulations indicate that the heat capacity of the shell has a strong effect on the dynamic system response.

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Investigation of a Simplified Photometer Design for the Measurement of Ozone Gas Concentration

Investigation of a Simplified Photometer Design for the Meas...

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IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES)

作者： Lisa Petani Robert Barth Lorenz Wührl Ingo Sieber Liane Koker Markus Reischl Ulrich Gengenbach Christian Pylatiuk Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Ozone is used in medicine, water treatment, and chemical processes. Measuring its concentration is essential, especially in medical technology, to enable safe and reliable treatment for the patient. The photometric measurement principle is promising because it can be applied at room temperature and it has a fast response time. Since the application range of commercial photometers for ozone gas is still limited due to the high price of these instruments, here a simplified low-cost photometer set-up is presented. The set-up measures at a wavelength between 275 nm and 286 nm ozone concentrations up to 2.5 vol% (25000 ppm) with a response time of 210 ms and consists of low-cost components. The accuracy of the photometer in comparison to a reference analyser is 2.5%. Hence, the simplified concept outlined in this paper provides a basis for the development of compact and cost-effective photometers for ozone gas measurement.

关键词： Temperature measurement Gases Wavelength measurement Instruments Medical treatment Biomedical measurement Time measurement

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Sliding Mode Control Strategy for State-of-Charge (SoC) Balancing in Lithium-ion Battery Packs 13

Sliding Mode Control Strategy for State-of-Charge (SoC) Bala...

引用

13th International Conference on Control, automation and Information Sciences, ICCAIS 2024

作者： Feng, Yong Han, Fengling Yang, Rebecca Wang, Yanmin Bai, Fan Truong, Nguyen-Vu School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia School of Science Rmit University Melbourne Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China National Institute of Applied Mechanics and Informatics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542047

This paper proposes a sliding mode control strategy for balancing the State of Charge (SoC) in lithium-ion battery packs. By thoroughly analyzing the battery balancing circuit topology, a bidirectional Cuk circuit balancing topology for a series-connected battery pack is established, and its mathematical model is developed. Utilizing sliding mode control technology, a balancing strategy is designed to equalize the SoC of all cells in a battery pack composed of multiple series-connected battery cells. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experiments, demonstrating that the developed battery balancing system can successfully balance the SoC of each cell in the battery pack. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： State of charge

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Net load forecasting using different aggregation levels

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Energy informatics 2022年第1期5卷 1-21页

作者： Beichter, Maximilian Phipps, Kaleb Frysztacki, Martha Maria Mikut, Ralf Hagenmeyer, Veit Ludwig, Nicole Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Cluster of Excellence Machine Learning University of Tübingen AI Research Building Maria-von-Linden-Str. 6 Tübingen72076 Germany

In the electricity grid, constantly balancing the supply and demand is critical for the network’s stability and any expected deviations require balancing efforts. This balancing becomes more challenging in future energy systems characterised by a high proportion of renewable generation due to the increased volatility of these renewables. In order to know when any balancing efforts are required, it is essential to predict the so-called net load, the difference between forecast energy demand and renewable supply. Although various forecasting approaches exist for both the individual components of the net load and the net load itself, it is unclear if it is more beneficial to aggregate several specialised forecasts to obtain the net load or to aggregate the input data to forecast the net load with one approach directly. Therefore, the present paper compares three net load forecasting approaches that exploit different levels of aggregation. We compare an aggregated strategy that directly forecasts the net load, a partially aggregated strategy that forecasts demand and supply separately, and a disaggregated strategy that forecasts demand and supply from each generator separately. We evaluate the forecast performance of all strategies with a simple and a complex forecasting model, both for deterministic and probabilistic forecasts, using one year of data from a simulated realistic future energy system characterised by a high share of renewable energy sources. We find that the partially aggregated strategy performs best, suggesting that a balance between specifically tailored forecasting models and aggregation is advantageous. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Aggregates

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