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arXiv 2022年

作者： Onsaker, Thorbjørn Lund Nygård, Heidi S. Gomila, Damià Colet, Pere Mikut, Ralf Jumar, Richard Maass, Heiko Kühnapfel, Uwe Hagenmeyer, Veit Schäfer, Benjamin Faculty of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås1432 Norway Campus Universitat Illes Balears Palma de MallorcaE-07122 Spain Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany

Modelling, forecasting and overall understanding of the dynamics of the power grid and its frequency are essential for the safe operation of existing and future power grids. Much previous research was focused on large continental areas, while small systems, such as islands are less well-studied. These natural island systems are ideal testing environments for microgrid proposals and artificially islanded grid operation. In the present paper, we utilize measurements of the power grid frequency obtained in European islands: the Faroe Islands, Ireland, the Balearic Islands and Iceland and investigate how their frequency can be predicted, compared to the Nordic power system, acting as a reference. The Balearic islands are found to be particularly deterministic and easy to predict in contrast to hard-to-predict Iceland. Furthermore, we show that typically 2-4 weeks of data are needed to improve prediction performance beyond simple benchmarks. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Forecasting

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Distributed power flow and distributed optimization – Formulation, solution, and open source implementation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Mühlpfordt, Tillmann Dai, Xinliang Engelmann, Alexander Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

Solving the power flow problem in a distributed fashion empowers different grid operators to compute the overall grid state without having to share grid models—this is a practical problem to which industry does not have off-the-shelf answers. In cooperation with a German transmission system operator we propose two physically consistent problem formulations (feasibility, least-squares) amenable to two solution methods from distributed optimization (the Alternating direction method of multipliers (admm), and the Augmented Lagrangian based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton method (aladin));with aladin there come convergence guarantees for the distributed power flow problem. In addition, we provide open source matlab code for rapid prototyping for distributed power flow (rapidpf), a fully matpower-compatible software that facilitates the laborious task of formulating power flow problems as distributed optimization problems;the code is available under https://github. com/KIT-IAI/rapidPF/. The approach to solving distributed power flow problems that we present is flexible, modular, consistent, and reproducible. Simulation results for systems ranging from 53 buses (with 3 regions) up to 4662 buses (with 5 regions) show that the least-squares formulation solved with aladin requires just about half a dozen coordinating steps before the power flow problem is solved. © 2020, CC-BY.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Modeling Curtailment in Germany: How Spatial Resolution Impacts Line Congestion

Modeling Curtailment in Germany: How Spatial Resolution Impa...

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International Conference on European Electricity Market, EEM

作者： Martha Frysztacki Tom Brown Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728169194

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169200

This paper investigates the effects of network constraints in energy system models at transmission level on renewable energy generation and curtailment as the network is being spatially aggregated. We seek to reproduce historically measured curtailment in Germany for the years 2013-2018 using an open model of the transmission system, PyPSA-Eur. Our simulations include spatial and temporal considerations, including congestion per line as well as curtailment per control zone and *** indicate that curtailment at high network resolution is significantly overestimated due to inaccurate allocation of electricity demand and renewable capacities to overloaded sites. However, high congestion rates of the transmission network decrease as the network is clustered to a smaller number of nodes, thus reducing curtailment. A measure to capture errors in the assignment of electricity demand and power plants is defined and hints towards a preferable spatial resolution. Thus, we are able to balance the effects of accurate node assignment and network congestion revealing that a reduced model can capture curtailment from recent historical data. This shows that it is possible to reduce the network to improve computation times and capture the most important effects of network constraints on variable renewable energy feed-in at the same time.

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Current-saving sampling for the embedded implementation of positive position feedback 49

Current-saving sampling for the embedded implementation of p...

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49th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020

作者： Takács, Gergely Mikuláš, Erik Vrícan, Martin Gulan, Martin Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Automation Measurement and Applied Informatics Námestie slobody 17 Bratislava812 31 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9788994021362

Battery powered embedded applications of active vibration control must conserve energy as much as possible, in order to prolongate effective service time between charging. Besides the power requirements of actuators and sensors, the microcontroller unit executing the feedback control algorithm drains the battery as well. Reducing the current drain of the microcontroller is possible by slowing down its clock frequency;or, sending the device into sleep mode when idle. This paper attempts to provide a definitive answer as to which of these strategies is better. A simple theoretical approximation derived here suggests that running the microcontroller at maximum frequency, then sending it to a low power mode is always preferable. We confirm this by laboratory experiments measuring the microcontroller power requirements of the positive position feedback algorithm. For this algorithm and choice of sampling time a five-fold current saving is possible on the Microchip (Atmel) ATmega 328p microcontroller unit, reducing its current draw from 15 mA to 3 mA. The experimental current and instantaneous power measurements shown in the paper confirm our prediction and general conclusion. © Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microcontrollers

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Tracking one-in-a-million: Large-scale benchmark for microbial single-cell tracking with experiment-aware robustness metrics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Seiffarth, Johannes Blöbaum, Luisa Paul, Richard D. Friederich, Nils Yamachui Sitcheu, Angelo Jovin Mikut, Ralf Scharr, Hanno Grünberger, Alexander Nöh, Katharina Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Multiscale Bioengineering Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-8: Data Analytics and Machine Learning Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Germany Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Microsystems in Bioprocess Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

Tracking the development of living cells in live-cell time-lapses reveals crucial insights into single-cell behavior and presents tremendous potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. In microbial live-cell imaging (MLCI), a few to thousands of cells have to be detected and tracked within dozens of growing cell colonies. The challenge of tracking cells is heavily influenced by the experiment parameters, namely the imaging interval and maximal cell number. For now, tracking benchmarks are not widely available in MLCI and the effect of these parameters on the tracking performance are not yet known. Therefore, we present the largest publicly available and annotated dataset for MLCI, containing more than 1.4 million cell instances, 29k cell tracks, and 14k cell divisions. With this dataset at hand, we generalize existing tracking metrics to incorporate relevant imaging and experiment parameters into experiment-aware metrics. These metrics reveal that current cell tracking methods crucially depend on the choice of the experiment parameters, where their performance deteriorates at high imaging intervals and large cell colonies. Thus, our new benchmark quantifies the influence of experiment parameters on the tracking quality, and gives the opportunity to develop new data-driven methods that generalize across imaging and experiment parameters. The benchmark dataset is publicly available at https://***/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7260136. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cytology

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Design of a Fast Discrete Realtime Filters Based on Analog Models

Design of a Fast Discrete Realtime Filters Based on Analog M...

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International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC)

作者： Patrik Grosinger Jan Rybář Stanislav Ďuriš Institute of Applied Mechanics and Mechatronics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia Institute of Automation Measurement and Applied Informatics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

In this paper, a complete design of discrete low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop filters based on an analog model is performed. This approach combines the advantages of designing continuous-time filters, which are real electrical circuits, whit digital filters in the form of a program running in an infinite loop. Unlike the standard approach of a filter design directly in the discrete-time, in this case, the filter is designed as an analog and subsequently is transformed into a digital form while maintaining all the properties.

关键词： Band-pass filters Filtering Filtering algorithms Microcomputers Data models Real-time systems Digital filters

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Introducing the Concept of Grades of automation for Shunting Operations

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Reichmann, Matthias Himmelbauer, Gabriel Stephan Wagner, Adrian Zajicek, Jürgen Stadlmann, Burkhard Furian, Nikolaus Vössner, Siegfried Institue of Engineering and Business Informatics University of Technology Graz Kopernikusgasse 24 Styria Graz8010 Austria Department of Rail Automation and Telematics University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Roseggerstraße 15 Upper Austria Wels4600 Austria Department of Rail Technology and Mobility University of Applied Sciences St. Pölten Campus-Platz 1 Lower Austria Saint Pölten3100 Austria Austrian Institute of Technology Giefinggasse 4 Vienna1210 Austria

HighlightsIntroducing the Concept of Grades of automation for Shunting OperationsIn Europe political decisions have been made to shift freight traffic from roads to railways, triggering substantial efforts to digitize and automate processes in the rail freight domain. As currently, only automation taxonomies for driving in rail networks exist, this paper provides a taxonomy for operations in so-called marshaling yards. Marshaling yards are critical nodes in the rail freight network, where the wagons of arriving trains are separated and are distributed to outgoing trains. Using the Design Science Research Cycles of Hevner to ensure a transparent procedure, this work develops Grades of automation for Shunting Operations. The key outcome is a systematic classification together with a pictorial representation of these Grades of automation, providing an overview of basic Shunting Operations and their functional realizations. This taxonomy facilitates a comparison of automation levels across different marshaling yards, aiding rail freight undertakings in planning efficient transport routes within the rail freight network. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： automation

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Microscopic fluctuations in power-grid frequency recordings at the sub-second scale

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Schäfer, Benjamin Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin Cigdem, G. Yalcin Förstner, Ellen Jumar, Richard Maass, Heiko Kühnapfel, Uwe Hagenmeyer, Veit Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344 Germany Department of Computer Science OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University OsloN-0130 Norway Jülich52428 Germany Department of Physics Istanbul University Vezneciler 34134 Turkey

Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display (multi-)fractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator about the balance on supply and demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a mostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved measurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency. We show that below 1 second, the dynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power spectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation behavior. We provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively correlated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to frequency dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality measurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic models

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A New Julia-Based Parallel Time-Domain Simulation Algorithm for Analysis of Power System Dynamics

A New Julia-Based Parallel Time-Domain Simulation Algorithm ...

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International Workshop/Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications (DS-RT)

作者： Michael Kyesswa Philipp Schmurr Hüseyin K. Çakmak Uwe Kühnapfel Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728173436

ISBN: (纸本)9781728173443

The present paper describes a new parallel time-domain simulation algorithm using a high performance computing environment - Julia - for the analysis of power system dynamics in large networks. The parallel algorithm adapts a parallel-in-space decomposition scheme to a previously sequential algorithm in order to develop a new parallelizable numerical solution of the power system equations. The parallel-in-space decomposition is based on the block bordered diagonal form, which reformulates the network admittance matrix into sub-blocks that can be solved in parallel. For the optimal spatial decomposition of the network, a new extended graph partitioning strategy is developed for load balancing and minimizing the communication between subnetworks. The new parallel simulation algorithm is tested using standard test networks of varying complexity. The simulation results are compared to those obtained from a sequential implementation in order to validate the solution accuracy and to determine the performance improvement in terms of computational speedup. Test simulations are conducted using the ForHLR II supercomputing cluster and show a huge potential in computational speedup with increasing network complexity.

关键词： Mathematical model Computational modeling Power system stability Power system dynamics Heuristic algorithms Partitioning algorithms Analytical models

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Dynamic Modeling of Wind and Solar Power Generation with Grid Support for Large-Scale Integration in Power Systems

Dynamic Modeling of Wind and Solar Power Generation with Gri...

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IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

作者： Michael Kyesswa Hüseyin Çakmak Uwe Kühnapfel Veit Hagenmeyer Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728171005

ISBN: (纸本)9781728171012

The large-scale integration of variable and unpredictable renewable energy sources into the current networks necessitates considerable adjustments in operation and analysis strategies in order to ensure stability of power systems. The present paper describes the dynamic modeling and integration of solar PV and wind power generation systems into an open source toolbox for power system transient stability analysis. The main contribution is the development of high-level functions to model converter interfaces to the electrical network in reference to standard grid operation codes. The models and control functions are tested using a real network representing the transmission grid of the Baden-Württemberg state in Germany in order to analyze the inverter functions necessary for grid stability support. From the simulation results, it is observed that the developed control functions of the interfacing converters can equip renewable energy generators with equivalent features to synchronous machines from a functional point of view.

关键词： Analytical models Power system dynamics Stability criteria Power system stability Wind power generation Standards Load modeling

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