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Automated Vehicle Validation Conference (IAVVC), IEEE International

作者： Jun Yan Pengyu Wang Danni Wang Weiquan Huang Daniel Watzenig Huilin Yin College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology and with the Virtual Vehicle Research Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350354072

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354089

Semantic segmentation is a significant perception task in autonomous driving. It suffers from the risks of adversarial examples. In the past few years, deep learning has gradually transitioned from convolutional neural network (CNN) models with a relatively small number of parameters to foundation models with a huge number of parameters. The segment-anything model (SAM) is a generalized image segmentation framework that is capable of handling various types of images and is able to recognize and segment arbitrary objects in an image without the need to train on a specific object. It is a unified model that can handle diverse downstream tasks, including semantic segmentation, object detection, and tracking. In the task of semantic segmentation for autonomous driving, it is significant to study the zero-shot adversarial robustness of SAM. Therefore, we deliver a systematic empirical study on the robustness of SAM without additional training. Based on the experimental results, the zero-shot adversarial robustness of the SAM under the black-box corruptions and white-box adversarial attacks is acceptable, even without the need for additional training. The finding of this study is insightful in that the gigantic model parameters and huge amounts of training data lead to the phenomenon of emergence, which builds a guarantee of adversarial robustness. SAM is a vision foundation model that can be regarded as an early prototype of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) pipeline. In such a pipeline, a unified model can handle diverse tasks. Therefore, this research not only inspects the impact of vision foundation models on safe autonomous driving but also provides a perspective on developing trustworthy AGI. The code is available at: https://***/momo1986/robust_sam_iv.

关键词： Training Systematics Semantic segmentation Artificial general intelligence Pipelines Training data Prototypes Robustness Convolutional neural networks Autonomous vehicles

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Calibration of the stiffness of soft cantilevers based on electromagnetic and electrostatic force compensation principles

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measurement: sensors 2024年 38卷

作者： Cherkasova, Valeriya Li, Zhi Popadic, Radovan Froehlich, Thomas Brand, Uwe Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany Department 5.1 Surface Metrology Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB Braunschweig Germany

This article presents a modified version of a traceable force-displacement measurement device developed at TU Ilmenau. The calibration of forces is carried out by a balance with the electromagnetic and electrostatic principles of force compensation. As part of this study, the device was used to calibrate the stiffness of soft cantilevers. The expanded relative uncertainty of the measured stiffnesses in the range from 13 mN/m to 100 mN/m ranged from 1.5 % to 2.7 %. The device was also verified through two-way comparison of measurements with the PTB, good agreement was obtained. © 2024

关键词： Electrostatic force

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System Evaluation of a Pyrometer Combined with an Optical Fiber

System Evaluation of a Pyrometer Combined with an Optical Fi...

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IEEE sensors Applications Symposium, SAS

作者： A. Poms B. Schweighofer H. Wegleiter Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria AVL List GmbH Graz Austria

This paper discusses the use of pyrometers in harsh environments where the temperature position to be measured is difficult to access due to space limitations and/or the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. To overcome these challenges, optical fibers are used to guide the infrared radiation to the photodiode that converts it into an electrical signal. It also investigates commercially available optical fibers for their material properties, such as toxicity, and presents a detailed analysis of the components of the measurement chain, including the optical fiber, photodiode, and transimpedance amplifier. Using an optical fiber results in a lower radiation power, mainly due to the limiting acceptance cone of the fiber. A theoretical analysis of the radiation power losses and a practical test rig to verify the results are presented. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights for researchers and engineers in the field of non-contact temperature measurements.

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Further Development of a Magnet System for Planck Balance Applications

Further Development of a Magnet System for Planck Balance Ap...

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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic measurements (CPEM)

作者： Markus Pabst Falko Hilbrunner Thomas Fröhlich Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology TU Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany Department Mass Comparators Sartorius Lab Instruments GmbH&Co.KG Göttingen Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350361049

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361056

An important part of a Planck, or Kibble balance, is the magnet system. It serves as an actuator in force mode and as a sensor in velocity mode. The performance of the magnet system in Planck balances is essential for mass calibration according to the International System of Units of 2019 [1]. This paper describes the further development of a lightweight magnet system for use in the Planck extension for high-precision vacuum mass comparators [4]. Based on the experience gained from investigations with a prototype magnetic system of the Planck extension, a further development of the magnetic system using simulation methods is presented.

关键词： Coils Vacuum systems Electromagnetic measurements Computational modeling Force Prototypes Gain measurement

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Linear Variable Differential Transformer in Harsh Environments - A Displacement and Thermal Study

Linear Variable Differential Transformer in Harsh Environmen...

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IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： G. Gruber M. Neumayer B. Schweighofer T. Leitner M. Berger G. Klösch H. Wegleiter Christian Doppler Laboratory for Measurement Systems for Harsh Operating Conditions Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH Leoben Austria

Linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) are high precision linear position sensors and capable of measuring position up to one meter. Especially in environments with high temperatures and temperature variations, the core material used, ferritic or non-ferritic, is critical. In this paper we present simulations and comparative measurements to interpret the dependency of LVDTs. We analyse the performance of the LVDT with respect to changes in the excitation signal, as well as uniform and non-uniform heating of the LVDT. The simulation model presented can be used to model the sensor behavior and reproduce the dependencies of the output voltages. The results show that the behavior of the sensor varies depending on the position of the core. This makes compensation measures difficult.

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DC measurement in HVAC-Systems: Status Quo and Recent Developments

DC Measurement in HVAC-Systems: Status Quo and Recent Develo...

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International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

作者： Philipp Schachinger Dennis Albert Alexander Fröhlich Herwig Renner Johannes Mandl Philipp Trampitsch Reinhard Klambauer Alexander Bergmann Werner Schöffer Institute of Electrical Power Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria ARTEMES GmbH Eibiswald Austria

The measurement of small direct currents in presence of high AC currents on high voltage potential is a challenging task. Inductive current transducers (CT) are not able to measure DC and other non-conventional CTs are also not designed for DC. Therefore, DC measurements are done in transformer neutral points on ground potential. In this work, the state of the art on DC measurements in the high-voltage transmission grid is given, including the measurement in the transformer neutral point, the indirect measurement with the differential magnetometer method, and the indirect method of measuring a compensating current. In addition an optical current measurement system under development is presented.

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Pluggable multitask diffractive neural networks based on cascaded metasurfaces

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第2期7卷 23-31页

作者： Cong He Dan Zhao Fei Fan Hongqiang Zhou Xin Li Yao Li Junjie Li Fei Dong Yin-Xiao Miao Yongtian Wang Lingling Huang Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Optics and PhotonicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Institute of Modern Optics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network TechnologyNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100191China Beijing Aerospace Institute for Metrology and Measurement Technology Beijing 100076China

Optical neural networks have significant advantages in terms of power consumption,parallelism,and high computing speed,which has intrigued extensive attention in both academic and engineering *** has been considered as one of the powerful tools in promoting the fields of imaging processing and object ***,the existing optical system architecture cannot be reconstructed to the realization of multi-functional artificial intelligence systems *** push the development of this issue,we propose the pluggable diffractive neural networks(P-DNN),a general paradigm resorting to the cascaded metasurfaces,which can be applied to recognize various tasks by switching internal *** the proof-of-principle,the recognition functions of six types of handwritten digits and six types of fashions are numerical simulated and experimental demonstrated at near-infrared ***,the proposed paradigm not only improves the flexibility of the optical neural networks but paves the new route for achieving high-speed,low-power and versatile artificial intelligence systems.

关键词： optical neural networks diffractive deep neural networks cascaded metasurfaces

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Hysteresis Compensation in Temperature Response of Fiber Bragg Grating Thermometers Using Dynamic Regression

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ahmed, Zeeshan National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory Sensor Science Division 100 Bureau Drive GaithersburgMD20899 United States

In recent years there has been considerable interest in using photonic thermometers such as Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and silicon ring resonators as an alternative technology to resistance-based legacy thermometers. Although FBG thermometers have been commercially available for decades their metro-logical performance remains poorly understood, hindered in part by complex behavior at elevated temperatures. In this study we systematically examine the temporal evolution of the temperature response of 14 sensors that were repeatedly cycled between 233 K and 393 K. Data exploration and modelling indicate the need to account for serial-correlation in model selection. Utilizing the coupled-mode theory treatment of FBG to guide feature selection we evaluate various calibration models. Our results indicates that a dynamic regression model can effectively reduce measurement uncertainty due to hysteresis by up to ≈ 70% . © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing Beyond the Diffraction Limit Using the Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 149-155页

作者： Laura Mohr-Weidenfeller Annika-Verena Hacker Carsten Reinhardt Eberhard Manske Microsystems Technology Group Ilmenau University of TechnologyMax-Planck-Ring 12IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Ilmenau University of TechnologyGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.1IlmenauGermany Bremen University of Applied Science Neustadtswall 30BremenGermany

Since the first realization of two-photon direct laser writing(DLW)in Maruo et al.(Opt Lett 22:132-134,1997),the manufacturing using direct laser writing techniques spread out in many laboratories all over the *** materials with different material properties open a new field for micro-and *** achievable structuring resolution using this technique is reported to be sub-100 nm(Paz et *** *** Appl.24:042004,2012),while a smallest linewidth of 25 nm could be shown in Tan et al.(Appl Phys Lett 90:071106,2007).In our approach,the combination of DLW with the nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine NMM-1 offers an improvement of the technique from the engineering side regarding the ultra-precise positioning(Weidenfeller et *** Adv Fabr Technol Micro/Nano Opt Photon Ⅺ 10544:105440E,2018).One big benefit besides the high positioning resolution of 0.1 nm is offered by the positioning range of 25 mm×25 mm×5 mm(Jager et *** Technisches Messen 67:319-323,2000;Manske et *** Meas Sci Technol 18:520-527,2007).Thus,a trans-scale fabrication without any stitching or combination of different positioning systems is *** immense synergy between the highly precise positioning and the DLW is demonstrated by the realization of resist lines and trenches whose center-to-center distance undergoes the modified diffraction limit for two-photon *** precise positioning accuracy enables a defined distance between illuminated ***,with a comparable huge width of the trenches of 1.655|im due to a low effective numerical aperture of 0.16,a resist line of 30 nm between two written trenches could be *** the interrelationships for achieving such narrow trenches have not yet been clarified,much smaller resist lines and trench widths are possible with this approach in the near future.

关键词： Direct laser writing Nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine Two-photon absorption Laser power controlling

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Deploying the high-power pulsed lasers in precision force metrology – SI traceable and practical force quantization by photon momentum

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Vasilyan, Suren Fröhlich, Thomas Rogge, Norbert Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau 98683 Germany

Design and operational performance of table-top measurement apparatus is presented towards direct Planck constant traceable high accuracy and high precision small forces and optical power measurements within SI unit system. An electromagnetic force compensation weighing balances, highly reflective mirrors and high-energy pulsed laser unit (static average power 20 W) are tailored together with a specially developed opto-electro-mechanical measurement infrastructure for cross-mapping the scale-systems of precision small force measurements obtained with a state-of-the-art classical kinematic system employing Kibble balance principle in the range of 10 nN to 4000 nN in comparison with forces generated due to quantum-mechanical effect namely the transfer of the momentum of the photons from a macroscopic object. Detailed overview of the adapted measurement methodology, the static and the limits of dynamic measurement, the metrological traceability routes of the measurement parameters, quantities and their measurement uncertainties, parametric up(down)-scaling perspectives of the measurements are presented with respect to the state-of-the-art measurement principles and standard procedures within the newly redefined International System of Units (SI). © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Pulsed lasers

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