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IEEE Green Energy and Systems Conference (IGESC)

作者： Armin Buchroithner Christof Birgel Timon Bertignoll Tobias Mitter Simon Wellenzohn Alexander Schimanofsky Peter Brunnhofer Sebastian Demuth Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria SSC Railtec GmbH Graz Austria Easelink GmbH Graz Austria RCC Railway Competence and Certification GmbH Graz Austria Institute of Structural Durability and Railway Technology Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350379617

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379624

The decarbonization of the transport sector, covering cargo as well as passenger mobility, plays a key role in the context of the energy revolution as it contributes to 24% of the global CO 2 emissions. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are part of the solution, especially if their specific drawbacks, such as limited range and availability of charging infrastructure, are mitigated by combining them with electrified rail transport. This paper describes the implementation of partially automated BEV charging capabilities into rail wagons (motorail), with an emphasis on electric power flow from the overhead catenary system to the BEVs. First, a requirement profile is determined based on different use cases, leading to several design variants relying on different power electronics modules. Subsequently, an automated underbody charging interface for the BEV is discussed in depth supported by actual test rig data.

关键词： Rails Green energy Electric vehicles Smart systems Low carbon economy Power electronics Batteries Power systems Carbon emissions

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A Methodology for Verifying and Validating the Functional Performance Evaluation of High-Fidelity RADAR sensor Models at Raw Data and Detection Levels

A Methodology for Verifying and Validating the Functional Pe...

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International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing (ICVISP)

作者： Arsalan Haider Lukas Haas Abduelkadir Eryildirim Thomas Zeh Shotaro Koyama Nils Henning Müllner Martin Jakobi Alexander W. Koch IFM-Institute for Driving Assistance and Connected Mobility Kempten University of Applied Sciences Germany Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University of Munich Germany Infineon Technologies Austria AG Advanced Vehicle Research Institute Kanagawa Institute of Technology Japan Institute of Transportation Systems German Aerospace Center DLR Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331541460

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541477

This paper outlines a comprehensive methodology for verifying and validating the functional performance evaluation of high-fidelity radio detection and ranging (RADAR) sensor models at both the raw data level, specifically the range map (RM) and range-Doppler map (RDM), and the detection level. Three key performance parameters (KPPs) are defined at the raw data level: the target's received power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and twoway beam pattern. Four KPPs are identified at the detection level: distance, relative radial velocity, azimuth angle, and elevation angle. This study also introduces three dynamic test scenarios directly applicable to the functional evaluation assessment of RADAR sensor models. Furthermore, a toolchain is presented to integrate real-world test scenarios into the virtual environment, allowing for frame-by-frame validation of the RADAR sensor models' functional evaluation. Quantitative analysis successfully assesses differences between simulations and real measurements, employing the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) metric. This methodology has been successfully applied to a high-fidelity RADAR sensor model featuring a multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) 2D linear spacing virtual antenna and a complete signal processing toolchain that mimics real RADAR sensors. Results show a strong correlation between the simulation and real measurements, with MAPE values below 7 % for all defined KPPs at raw data and detection levels. Using this methodology, developers can assess whether virtual RADAR sensors are ready for environmental perception during scenario-based automated driving system (ADS) testing.

关键词： Performance evaluation Correlation Radar detection Radar Radar antennas Data models Radar signal processing Distance measurement Signal to noise ratio Testing

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Intra-spectral temperature-compensated FBG sensors for hydrogen detection and beyond

Intra-spectral temperature-compensated FBG sensors for hydro...

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Optica Sensing Congress 2023, AIS, FTS, HISE, sensors, ES 2023 - Part of Optical sensors and Sensing Congress 2023

作者： Buchfellner, F. Bian, Q. Moos, F. Nicolai, J. Zhang, F. Hu, W. Yang, M. Koch, A.W. Roths, J. Photonics Lab. Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstrasse 34 Munich80335 Germany Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology Technical University Munich Munich80333 Germany Advanced Photonic Components Lab Carleton University OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada National Engineering Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Intra-spectral referencing of the notch to the π-FBG envelope enables direct measurement and compensation of temperature within an FBG element. This enhances reliability and enables versatile real-field applications ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171241

关键词： Fiber Bragg gratings

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Evaluating probabilistic and data-driven inference models for fiber-coupled NV-diamond temperature sensors

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rajpal, Shraddha Ahmed, Zeeshan Berry, Tyrus Department of Mathematical Sciences George Mason University FairfaxVA22032 United States Sensor Science Division Physical Measurement Labortory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD2010 United States

We evaluate the impact of inference model on uncertainties when using continuous wave Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) measurements to infer temperature. Our approach leverages a probabilistic feedforward inference model designed to maximize the likelihood of observed ODMR spectra through automatic differentiation. This model effectively utilizes the temperature dependence of spin Hamiltonian parameters to infer temperature from spectral features in the ODMR data. We achieve prediction uncertainty of ± 1 K across a temperature range of 243 K to 323 K. To benchmark our probabilistic model, we compare it with a non-parametric peak-finding technique and data-driven methodologies such as Principal Component Regression (PCR) and a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We find that when validated against out-of-sample dataset that encompasses the same temperature range as the training dataset, data driven methods can show uncertainties that are as much as 0.67 K lower without incorporating expert-level understanding of the spectroscopic-temperature relationship. However, our results show that the probabilistic model outperforms both PCR and CNN when tasked with extrapolating beyond the temperature range used in training set, indicating robustness and generalizability. In contrast, data-driven methods like PCR and CNN demonstrate up to ten times worse uncertainties when tasked with extrapolating outside their training data range. © 2024, CC BY.

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Ultra-Wideband Terahertz 3D Imaging with Aspherical Telecentric f-θ Optics

Ultra-Wideband Terahertz 3D Imaging with Aspherical Telecent...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Shiva Mohammadzadeh Jens Klier Jörg Seewig Georg von Freymann Fabian Friederich Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology RPTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS RPTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

In this contribution we report on the development of a mobile ultra-wideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) terahertz imaging device with an integrated f-θ lens for 3D image acquisition. The objective lens is designed to operate with the broad bandwidth of 1.65 THz of the optoelectronic FMCW radar. For the design of the f-θ lens, the optical properties of three different materials for lens fabrication were investigated using the optoelectronic FMCW radar.

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Experimental Setup for the Investigation of Reproducibility of Novel Tool Changing Systems in Nanofabrication Machines

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 181-189页

作者： Florian Weigert Roman Hebenstreit Roland FuBl Rene Theska Institute for Design and Precision Engineering Precision Engineering GroupTechnische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz.298693 IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.198693 IlmenauGermany

Nanomeasuring machines developed at the Technische Universitat Ilmenau enable three-dimensional measurements and manufacturing processes with the lowest *** to the requirements for these processes,a highly reproducible and long-term stable tool changing system is *** this purpose,kinematically determined couplings are widely *** state-of-the-art investigations on those are not sufficient for the highest demands on the reproducibility required for this application.A theoretical determination of the reproducibility based on analytical or numerical methods is possible,however not in the desired nanometer *** to this,a measurement setup for the determination of the reproducibility in five degrees of freedom with nanometer uncertainty was ***,potential measuring devices are systematically examined and measurement principles were developed out of this.A three-dimensional vector-based uncertainty analysis is performed to prove the feasibility of the measurement principle and provides a basis for further *** a result,a transla-tory measurement uncertainty of 10 nm and a rotatory uncertainty of 11 nrad can be ***,the measurement setup is designed,focusing on the metrological frame and the lift-off *** developed setup exceeds the uncertainties of the measurement setups presented in the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude,allowing new in-depth investigations of the reproducibility of kinematic couplings.

关键词： Tool changing Kinematic coupling measurement setup Uncertainty analysis Precision design

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State of Charge-Dependent Changes in Spectral Composition of Guided Lamb Waves in Lithium-Ion Batteries

State of Charge-Dependent Changes in Spectral Composition of...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Patrick Swaschnig Reinhard Klambauer Johannes Kofler Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria European R&D Center TDK Electronics GmbH & Co OG Deutschlandsberg Austria

This study investigates symmetrical Lamb wave behavior across varying state-of-charge levels in lithium-ion batteries. Utilizing piezoelectric transducers, the research focuses on inducing and detecting Lamb waves in lithium-ion batteries. The outcomes uncover correlations between Lamb wave characteristics and state-of-charge variations, revealing insights into the potential of Lamb waves as indicators of internal changes in battery structures. Furthermore, the influence of chemomechanical alterations within battery structures on Lamb wave properties is explored. The insights gained offer valuable implications for understanding battery performance dynamics and internal transformations.

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Heterodyne Standing-Wave Interferometer with Improved Phase Stability

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 190-199页

作者： Ingo Ortlepp Jens-Peter Zollner Ivo W.Rangelow Eberhard Manske Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauEhrenbergstraBe 2998693 IlmenauGermany Microelectronic and Nanoelectronic Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Nanoscale Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany

This paper describes a standing-wave interferometer with two laser sources of different wavelengths,diametrically opposed and emitting towards each *** resulting standing wave has an intensity profile which is moving with a constant velocity,and is directly detected inside the laser beam by two thin and transparent photo *** first sensor is at a fixed position,serving as a phase reference for the second one which is moved along the optical axis,resulting in a frequency shift,proportional to the *** phase difference between both sensors is evaluated for the purpose of interferometric length measurements.

关键词： Standing wave Interferometer Heterodyne Ultrathin photo diode

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Grid Load Mitigation in EV Fast Charging Stations Through Integration of a High-Performance Flywheel Energy Storage System with CFRP Rotor

Grid Load Mitigation in EV Fast Charging Stations Through In...

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2021 IEEE Green Energy and Smart Systems Conference, IGESSC 2021

作者： Buchroithner, Armin Presmair, Rupert Haidl, Peter Wegleiter, Hannes Thormann, Bernd Kienberger, Thomas Auer, Peter Domitner, Josef Graz University Of Technology Institute Of Electrical Measurement And Sensor Systems Graz Austria Montanuniversität Leoben Chair Of Energy Network Technology Leoben Austria Graz University Of Technology Institute Of Materials Science Joining And Forming Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434560

Increasing the share of battery electric mobility in the transport mix, while at the same time integrating more renewable volatile energy sources in the grid, brings along a variety of challenges such as possible power quality, voltage and grid stability issues. Deploying decentralized energy storage devices in electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations as buffer storage is one way to mitigate these problems and help store renewable energy in the grid. This paper describes a system integrating a high performance flywheel energy storage system (FESS) in a fully automated fast charging station. A holistic approach is pursued, determining the FESS's energetic target properties by analyzing user behavior in a variety of use cases in conjunction with in-depth grid simulations. Based on these data, a FESS design is proposed and approaches to reach the desired energetic target properties are discussed. Critical components are presented with a focus on CFRP rotor design, as it is crucial for achieving the required energy content at lowest specific cost. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Buffer storage

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Investigation of the surface integrity when cryogenic milling of Ti-6Al-4V using a sub-zero metalworking fluid

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Procedia CIRP 2022年 108卷 25-30页

作者： Kevin Gutzeit Georgis Bulun Gerhard Stelzer Benjamin Kirsch Jörg Seewig Jan C. Aurich Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

In this paper a novel cooling strategy is presented using a sub-zero metalworking fluid when milling Ti-6Al-4V. The metalworking fluid, composed of water and ethane-1,2-diol, was applied to the process at varied supply temperatures. An analysis of the occurring forces and temperatures, as well as the resulting surface integrity, is carried out. The surface integrity is characterized by microhardness measurements in the surface layer of the workpiece. Additionally, the surface topography is characterized using optical measuring techniques. The results are compared to those obtained using dry milling and when using a conventional cryogenic CO 2 cooling strategy.

关键词： cryogenic machinig milling cooling strategy surface integrity Ti-6Al-4V

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