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Fibre Optical Ice Sensing: sensor Model and Icing Experiments for Different Ice Types

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Fibre Optical Ice Sensing: Sensor Model and Icing Experiment...

IEEE Instrumentation and measurement technology Conference

作者： A. Siegl M. Neumayer T. Bretterklieber Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9781728144603

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144610

Atmospheric ice growth can be a potential hazard for structures like high-voltage lines, wind turbines or antennas in alpine regions. Fibre optical ice sensing is a possible approach to detect and monitor ice accretion. The sensing principle is based on the optical coupling between individual glass fibre bundles due to the accreted ice. Recent publications show the feasibility of ice monitoring with this approach by means of experimental studies. In this paper the properties and capabilities of fibre optical sensing for ice detection and thickness measurement are investigated by means of sensor modelling and sensor simulation, as well as dedicated measurements using a prototype. A new sensor model is developed, which includes all relevant interactions between the sensor and the ice accretion process. Simulations for different ice types are performed where the random nature of the ice accretion process is considered. By means of the measurements, the simulation results are verified and the sensor can be assessed for different types of ice regarding its capabilities to detect early ice formation and to measure the ice thickness.

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Synchronously Actuated Electrostatic Mems Switch for Efficient Energy Management of Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Yingying Liu, Guoxu Zhou, Han Sun, Zhenci Dai, Yiming Dong, Zefang Wang, Zheng Zhang, Chi Wang, Xiaofeng Zhao, Jiahao The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101400 China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University China Shenzhen University China

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by harvesting environmental mechanical energy provides a viable power supply solution for self-powered systems in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the efficient energy management strategies for TENGs are still under investigation, especially in the low-frequency working mode. In this paper, a synchronously actuated 4-ternimal MEMS switch is introduced to realize an autonomous energy management system to improve the energy efficiency of a dual-output TENG. One output channel acts as a controller to accurately control the state of the MEMS switch-circuit, and the other output channel is responsible for extracting the electric energy to the back-end circuit in maximum. The experimental results indicate that the energy extraction efficiency of the system can reach ~81% under 1~2 Hz, with the accurate control of the electrostatic switch and lower intrinsic leakage rate compared to the conventional electronic circuit. Moreover, a buck converter circuit with the MEMS switch can achieve an ultrahigh energy supply efficiency which is 4.89 times higher than that of an ordinary rectifier circuit without switch. This work provides an energy management solution for TENGs with MEMS switches, which has promising applications in improving the efficiency of energy utilization in TENG-driven electronics. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanogenerators

Comprehensive angular scattering distribution analysis for resource-efficient manufacturing

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Procedia CIRP 2023年 120卷 386-391页

作者： Matthias Eifler Boris Brodmann Barbara Linke Alexander Müller Jörg Seewig IU International University Juri-Gagarin-Ring 152 99084 Erfurt Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau Gottlieb-Daimler Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany Optosurf GmbH Nobelstraße 9-13 D-76275 Ettlingen Germany Manufacturing and Sustainable Technologies Research Laboratory University of California Davis 1 Shields Ave 95616 Davis CA USA

Most measuring principles for surface topography measurement cannot be broadly used within machine tools due to the rough environment featuring vibrations, dust, cooling liquid, or temperature gradients. Having to measure outside of the machine tool results in large quality control loops. The angular-resolved scattering light sensor is an established measuring principle which can be used directly in the manufacturing environment and thus allows small quality control loops and a resource-efficient manufacturing since deviations in the manufacturing process can be detected almost immediately. For the evaluation of the surface characteristics, the angular distribution of the surface within a lightspot is typically characterized by its center of gravity (M-parameter) and its variance (Aq-parameter) as described in the guideline VDA 2009. These two parameters provide only little information about the angular distribution and the workpiece quality and for certain, function-oriented applications and expanded data analysis can be beneficial to allow the monitoring in more manufacturing systems with high benefits for resource-efficient manufacturing. We suggest using additional parameters of the angular distribution and perform a correlation analysis with the machining parameters of an exemplified manufacturing process to find parameters that feature a more pronounced correlation with the process parameters than Aq and thus allow an improved monitoring of the manufacturing process in this paper. The example process chosen is a grinding process with different tool grit sizes, tool surface speeds, feed rates, and coolant air flow power. With this case study it can be demonstrated how a more comprehensive analysis of the scattering of surface angles can lead to an improved process monitoring since the correlation between the process parameters and the parameters of the angular distribution shows how sensitively different deviations in the process can be detected, e.g. when the

关键词： roughness scattering light inline metrology correlation analysis

Model-based analysis of the influence of surface roughness on fatigue processes

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PAMM 2024年第2期24卷

作者： Sikang Yan Arsalan Jawaid Eberhard Kerscher Jörg Seewig Ralf Müller Institute for Mechanics Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern Germany Working Group Materials Testing RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern Germany

In the last decade, the phase field method was developed to simulate fatigue fracture processes. The biggest advantage of phase field modeling is its unified framework, in which the entire fracture evolution from nucleation to propagation is covered. Even though it is known that surface roughness has an essential impact on fatigue life, it has rarely been considered directly in phase field models for fatigue processes due to the required computational effort. In this work, we provide a simulation setup to incorporate roughness profiles into a phase field model for fatigue cracks. We have used a roughness model for our studies and also present initial results that show agreement between simulation and experiments.

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Alternative tip- and laser- based nanofabrication up to 100 mm on flat and non-flat surfaces with subnanometre precision

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Alternative tip- and laser- based nanofabrication up to 100 ...

Advanced Patterning Solutions (IWAPS), International Workshop on

作者： Eberhard Manske Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728175775

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175782

More and more new AFM tip-based or laser structuring methods have been attracting attention as alternative lithography approaches for some years now. But most of them have only been demonstrated in the micrometer range so far, and measurement and positioning technology is usually inadequate. Instruments that can measure and structure on flat and even non-flat surfaces in growing fields of application at the atomic level are the focus of the latest developments in consistent continuation of the nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machines created at the Technical University of Ilmenau. The new developed Nano Fabrication Machine 100 (NFM-100) serves as an important experimental platform for basic research in the field of scale-spanning AFM tip-based and laser-based nanofabrication for subnanometer structuring on 4 inch surfaces. The laser interferometer based high precision machine has 20 picometer resolution and subnanometer reproducibility. It can be equipped with AFM heads as well as with laser systems that can both write and read, i.e. measure with nanometer reproducibility and accuracy. This paper describes the extraordinary capabilities of the NFM-100 and selected nanofabrication technologies, e.g. advanced scanning proximal probe lithography based on Fowler-Nordheim electron field emission, direct laser writing, and UV nanoimprint lithography.

关键词： Atomic measurements Nanofabrication measurement by laser beam Surface emitting lasers Writing Position measurement Probes

Tracking of Magnetic Micromotors in Confined Channels Through Scattering Tissue 15

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Tracking of Magnetic Micromotors in Confined Channels Throug...

15th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering, NANOMED 2021

作者： Aziz, Azaam Karnaushenko, Dmitriy Koukourakis, Nektarios Czarske, Jurgen W. Schmidt, Oliver G. Medina-Sanchez, Mariana Institute For Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz Institute For Solid State And Materials Research Dresden01069 Germany Measurement And Sensor System Technique And Competence Center Biolas Tu Dresden School of Engineering Dresden01069 Germany School of Science Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life Tu Dresden Germany Faculty of Physics Dresden TU Germany Professorship of Material Systems For Nanoelectronics Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz09111 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458566

The field of small-scale microdevices is growing rapidly towards the development of tethered/untethered microsensors and therapeutic agents that can move through narrow vascular networks in living organisms to diagnose and treat for example vascular diseases. However, imaging and localization of such microdevices are challenging under scattering tissue due to the lack of high spatial and temporal resolution that compromises the penetration depth and therefore the application scenario. Here, we report the tracking of magnetically-driven rolling micromotors (20 μm in diameter) through scattering tissue (1.2 mm thickness) using reflective infrared (IR) imaging. This technique provides high spatiotemporal resolution for the tracking of micro-agents in a narrow vascular network. As a potential application, we suggest the use of such micro-agents as micro-viscosimeters, in which by analyzing their dynamics, one can extract some basic information on the surrounding fluid properties which might be related to certain health status. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Micromotors

Monitoring the Evolution of Dimensional Accuracy and Product Properties in Property-Controlled Forming Processes

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Stebner, Sophie Charlotte Martschin, Juri Arian, Bahman Dietrich, Stefan Feistle, Martin Hütter, Sebastian Lafarge, Rémi Laue, Robert Li, Xinyiang Schulte, Christopher Spies, Daniel Thein, Ferdinand Wendler, Frank Wrobel, Malte Vasquez, Julian Rozo Dölz, Michael Münstermann, Sebastian Integrity of Materials and Structures RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Components Dortmund University Dortmund Germany Forming and Machining Technology Paderborn University Paderborn Germany Institute for Applied Materials - Material Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Casting Composite and Processing Technology Garching Germany Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Forming and Machining Processes Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Productions Processes Virtual Production Engineering Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Institute of Metal Forming RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Automatic Control RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institut für Geometrie und Praktische Mathematik RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Digital Process Engineering Group Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Materials Test Engineering Dortmund University Dortmund Germany

As recent trends in manufacturing engineering disciplines show a clear development in the sustainable as well as economically efficient design of forming processes, monitoring techniques have been gaining in relevance. In terms of monitoring of product properties, most processes are currently open-loop controlled, entailing that the microstructure evolution, which determines the final product properties, is not considered. However, a closed-loop control that can adjust and manipulate the process actuators according to the required product properties of the component will lead to a considerable increase in efficiency of the processes regarding resources and will decrease postproduction of the component. For most forming processes, one set of component dimensions will result in a certain set of product properties. However, to successfully establish closed-loop property controls for the processes, a systematic understanding of the reciprocity of the dimensions after forming and final product properties must be established. This work investigates the evolution of dimensional accuracy as well as product properties for a series of forming processes that utilize different degrees of freedom for process control. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Process control

Wear Analysis of Material Measures and Stylus in Repetitive Tactile Calibration

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Eifler, Matthias Volk, Raimund Feifel, Stefan Diederichs, Stella Kerscher, Eberhard Seewig, Jörg IU International University of Applied Sciences Juri-Gagarin-Ring 152 Erfurt99084 Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Gottlieb-Daimler Str. Geb. 44 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Jenoptik Industrial Metrology Germany GmbH Drachenloch 5 Villingen-Schwenningen78054 Germany Working Group Materials Testing RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Gottlieb-Daimler Str. Geb. 49 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

Tactile industrial measuring instruments are frequently calibrated with material measures defined in ISO 5436-1 to ensure their function and determine their measurement uncertainty. Since this process is repeated regularly, the long-term stability of both material measures and the stylus is essential for a repeatable and reliable measurement. Since tactile sampling involves a mechanical interaction between the stylus and the surface, there is potentially wear when repetitive measurements are performed. We present a comprehensive experimental study on the effects of wear for different stylus instruments – including a reference plane scanning system and multiple skidded scanning systems. Multiple measurement methods are used to determine the state of the stylus and the surface of the material measure, both before and after their mechanical interaction. The impact of the wear on the accuracy of the results can be described, as can the connection between the wear and the hardness of the skidded probe. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

Optimization of the Spatial Location of Sound sensors for Urban Noise Monitoring

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cheng, Jin Zhao, Yanjie Wang, Shaohua Wang, Zhenbo Qin, Lei Liang, Haojian Su, Cheng Li, Xiao Research Center for Sensor Technology School of Applied Sciences Jianxiangqiao Campus Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing100094 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Changchun130012 China Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou730070 China

Urban noise measurement is an important way to achieve Urban Sustainable Development. The noise levels can be measured scientifically, thereby enabling the further development of noise management strategies. However, urban noise measurement is a complex and challenging issue. In this study, we constructed a spatial location optimization model for sound sensors, BCSSLP, the intention was to employ mixed-integer linear programming, to determine the optimal locations of sound sensors for noise monitoring in Chicago. BCSSLP took full consideration of existing and new sound sensors' collaborative effects. We used two methods, namely the Gurobi solver and the genetic algorithm, to construct the model. We determined the most effective sound sensor deployment quantity and location by comparing the coverage with various deployment quantities. Our experimental results show that in Chicago, 50.88% of the total population can be covered by 65 sound sensors. That is, an increase of 30 sound sensors brings the coverage rate above the 50% threshold. Additionally, 28.94% of the population (104 demand points) can be monitored by two or more sound sensors, representing a significant improvement over the current situation. Furthermore, due to the unevenly distributed population in Chicago, increasing the number of sound sensors does not significantly expand the coverage area for the population. Therefore, deploying more sound sensors for noise monitoring yields little improvement. This study demonstrates that the model can significantly improve backup coverage with minimal primary coverage loss. By selecting appropriate locations, larger coverage of noise monitoring can be achieved with minimal numbers of sound sensors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Location