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SSRN 2023年

作者： Cheng, Jin Zhao, Yanjie Wang, Shaohua Wang, Zhenbo Qin, Lei Liang, Haojian Su, Cheng Li, Xiao Research Center for Sensor Technology School of Applied Sciences Jianxiangqiao Campus Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing100094 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100094 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science & Technology University Beijing100192 China School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Changchun130012 China Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou730070 China

Urban noise measurement is an important way to achieve Urban Sustainable Development. The noise levels can be measured scientifically, thereby enabling the further development of noise management strategies. However, urban noise measurement is a complex and challenging issue. In this study, we constructed a spatial location optimization model for sound sensors, BCSSLP, the intention was to employ mixed-integer linear programming, to determine the optimal locations of sound sensors for noise monitoring in Chicago. BCSSLP took full consideration of existing and new sound sensors' collaborative effects. We used two methods, namely the Gurobi solver and the genetic algorithm, to construct the model. We determined the most effective sound sensor deployment quantity and location by comparing the coverage with various deployment quantities. Our experimental results show that in Chicago, 50.88% of the total population can be covered by 65 sound sensors. That is, an increase of 30 sound sensors brings the coverage rate above the 50% threshold. Additionally, 28.94% of the population (104 demand points) can be monitored by two or more sound sensors, representing a significant improvement over the current situation. Furthermore, due to the unevenly distributed population in Chicago, increasing the number of sound sensors does not significantly expand the coverage area for the population. Therefore, deploying more sound sensors for noise monitoring yields little improvement. This study demonstrates that the model can significantly improve backup coverage with minimal primary coverage loss. By selecting appropriate locations, larger coverage of noise monitoring can be achieved with minimal numbers of sound sensors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Location

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Traceable 5D-nanofabrication with nano positioning and nano measuring machines 21

Traceable 5D-nanofabrication with nano positioning and nano ...

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21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021

作者： Ortlepp, Ingo Fern, Florian Schienbein, Ralf Supreeti, Shraddha Füßl, Roland Theska, René Sinzinger, Stefan Manske, Eberhard Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany JUMO GmbH and Co. KG Moritz-Juchheim-Straße 1 Fulda36039 Germany Precision Engineering Group Department of Mechanical Engineering Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany Electronics Technology Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany Optical Engineering Group Department of Mechanical Engineering Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775190

Today, besides the ongoing progress in the reduction of feature sizes, the measuring and fabrication of freeform surfaces with nanometre uncertainty, e.g. for aspheric lenses or structures with high aspect ratios, are a challenging task. Usually, dealing with such objects is limited by the local tilt angle between the object surface and the tool axis. There are different approaches to perform such measurements. In this paper, an extension of the Nano Measuring Machine NMM-1 with two rotational axes is described. With the proposed setup, it is possible to orientate the tool-axis perpendicular to the sample in every position, allowing larger angles to be measured / structured and minimising the uncertainty of the process e.g. due to the tilt dependency of the tool. Various machine designs are investigated and finally a solution with one rotary and one goniometer stage is integrated, preserving the existing machine infrastructure and allowing the addressability of a full hemisphere without limiting the measuring volume. As the tool centre point maintains its position during tool rotation, the Abbe principle is still fulfilled in every angular orientation. Emphasis was put on the metrological traceability of the whole system, including linear and rotary axes as well the tool itself. This was achieved by using a reference hemisphere, compensating the trajectory errors of the rotational axes. For the developed arrangement, the measurement uncertainty was investigated and several strategies for an in-situ-calibration of the additional axes are described. Finally, nanofabrication on large slopes is demonstrated. © 2021 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine design

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Influence of different cooling strategies during hard turning of AISI 52100 - Part II: Characterization of the surface and near surface microstructure morphology 5

Influence of different cooling strategies during hard turnin...

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5th CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity, CSI 2020

作者： Ankener, Werner Uebel, Julian Basten, Stephan Smaga, Marek Kirsch, Benjamin Seewig, Jörg Aurich, Jan C. Beck, Tilmann Institute of Materials Science and Engineering TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems TU Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

This two-part paper addresses the impact of seven different cooling conditions on the finishing process as well as the resulting surface and near-surface microstructure morphology of the rolling bearing steel AISI 52100 in martensitic heat treatment state. The applied cooling strategies are liquid nitrogen (LN2-) cooling, CO2-snow cooling at varied mass flows, sub-zero metalworking fluids (MWF) at varied supply temperatures, and dry machining. Part II of the paper concerns the changes in surface roughness, examined by an angle resolved scatter light sensor, micro hardness measurement, microstructure observations, residual stress and phase composition analyses in the near-surface area, caused by the turning process, that is characterized in Part I. The lowest cooling performance, i.e. dry machining, results in low compressive axial residual stresses and a high proportion of retained austenite at the near-surface area. High cooling performance strategies like CO2 cooling or sub-zero MWF show an opposite distribution of the mentioned parameters, wherein the coolants' lubrication effect is an important aspect. Microstructural differences resulting from the process parameters used in these investigations tend to be less significant. Thus, they do not allow reliable assignment of the microstructure to the cooling strategies used. However, different cooling conditions show an impact on residual stresses, phase distribution and surface topography of the workpieces to varying extents. © 2020 The Author(s).

关键词： Cooling

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Calibration of X-ray computed tomography for surface topography measurement using metrological characteristics 21

Calibration of X-ray computed tomography for surface topogra...

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21st International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2021

作者： Thompson, Adam Rodríguez-Sánchez, Ángela Senin, Nicola Eifler, Matthias Hering, Julian Leach, Richard Manufacturing Metrology Team Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Engineering University of Perugia 06125 Italy Institute for Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler Str. Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Department of Physics Research Center OPTIMAS Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775190

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has been shown to be capable of capturing surface topography information comparable to that acquired using established surface measurement systems. However, calibration of XCT for surface measurement has not yet been achieved. The factors that influence XCT measurement are numerous, and the ways in which these factors affect measurements are not always clear. However, the problem of understanding complex, numerous influence factors exists for other measurement technologies as well, with factors being difficult or impossible to quantify in many cases, often because they cannot be measured in isolation from other influence factors. In measurement of areal surface topography, a calibration framework based on understanding the metrological characteristics (MCs) of an instrument has been developed to address the uncertainty problem;recently attaining international acceptance with the publication of ISO 25178-600. This framework was developed to allow calibration without characterising all the influence factors individually. Instead of examining all possible factors within a measurement system, the framework examines a few standardised characteristics of the system (i.e. MCs), as an approximate means to understanding measurement uncertainty. While some individual influence factors are inevitably double-counted (in that some factors contribute to more than one MC), the MC framework can be used to provide calibration for complex systems, with the caveat that double counting leads to slight increases in the determined measurement uncertainties. In this work, we apply the ISO 25178-600 MC framework to an XCT measurement system, demonstrating a method of calibrating such a system for surface measurement. We present a material measure to be used for this purpose. Given the novelty of applying the MC framework to XCT measurement and the associated complexities, we also provide an assessment of the MC framework with respect to its suitability for c

关键词： Surface measurement

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Magneto-active composites with locally tailored stiffness produced by laser powder bed fusion

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schäfer, Kilian Lutzi, Matthias Khan, Muhammad Bilal Schäfer, Lukas Dirba, Imants Bruns, Sebastian Valizadeh, Iman Weeger, Oliver Hartmann, Claas Kupnik, Mario Adabifiroozjaei, Esmaeil Molina-Luna, Leopoldo Skokov, Konstantin Gutfleisch, Oliver Institute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany Physical Metallurgy Institute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany Cyber-Physical Simulation Group Technical University of Darmstadt Dolivostr. 15 Hessen Darmstadt64293 Germany Measurement and Sensor Technology Group Technical University Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Advanced Electron Microscopy Institute of Material Science Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt64287 Germany Additive Manufacturing Center Technical University Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany

Additive manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex and bioinspired shapes using magneto-responsive materials, which find diverse applications in soft robotics. Particularly, the development of composites with controlled gradients in mechanical properties offers new prospects for advancements in magneto-active materials. However, achieving such composites with gradients typically involves complex multi-material printing procedures. In this study, a single-step laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is proposed that enables precise local adjustments of the mechanical stiffness within magneto-active composites. By utilizing distinct laser parameters in specific regions of a composite containing thermoplastic polyurethane and atomized magnetic powder derived from hard magnetic Nd-Fe-B, the stiffness of the composite can be modified within the range of 2 to 22 MPa. Various magneto-responsive actuators with locally tailored stiffness are fabricated and their magnetic performance is investigated. The enhanced response exhibited by actuators with locally adjusted mechanical properties in comparison to their homogeneous counterparts with identical geometries is shown. As a demonstration of biomedical application, a magnetically responsive stent with localized adjustment is presented with the ability to meet specific requirements in terms of geometry and local stiffness based on an individual's anatomy and disease condition. The proposed method presents an approach for creating functionally graded materials using LPBF, not only for magneto-active materials but also for several other structural and functional materials. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Magnetos

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Dynamic measurement of Strain and Shape on a Rotating Helicopter Rotor Blade: The measurement Challenge 28

Dynamic Measurement of Strain and Shape on a Rotating Helico...

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28th International Conference on Optical Fiber sensors, OFS 2023

作者： James, S.W. Kissinger, T. Weber, S. Mullaney, K. Chehura, E. Barrington, J.H. Pekmezci, H.H. Staines, S.E. Charrett, T.O.H. Lawson, N.J. Lone, M.M. Tatam, R.P. Engineering Photonics Cranfield University MK430AL United Kingdom The Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technical University of Ilmenau Ilmenau98694 Germany Centre for Aeronautics Cranfield University BedfordshireMK430AL United Kingdom Airbus Helicopters UK Ltd. Oxfordshire KidlingtonOX51QZ United Kingdom Now with Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH Industriestrasse 4 Donauwöprth86609 Germany Now with Arm-ECS Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Now with School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering The University of Sydney NSW2006 Australia Now with Lilium GmBH Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171302

Fibre-optic strain and shape sensing instrumentation were deployed on rotor blades during a full-speed helicopter ground run. Data were streamed wirelessly from rotor hub-mounted sensor interrogators, providing insights into the blade dynamics excited by pilot inputs to the controls and changes in rotation frequency. This paper explores the challenges of this application and considers means for visualisation of the data. © Optica Publishing Group 2023, © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Behind the Complex Interplay of Phonation: Investigating Elasticity of Vocal Folds With Pipette Aspiration Technique During Ex Vivo Phonation Experiments

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Journal of Voice 2023年

作者： Scheible, Florian Lamprecht, Raphael Schaan, Casey Veltrup, Reinhard Henningson, Jann-Ole Semmler, Marion Sutor, Alexander Institute of Measurement and Sensor Technology UMIT TIROL – Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1 6060 Hall in Tirol Austria Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head- and Neck Surgery University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Chair of Visual Computing Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany

Objectives: The vibration of the vocal folds produces the primary sound for the human speech. The vibration depends mainly on the pressure, airflow of the lungs, and the material properties of the vocal folds. In order to change them, muscles in the larynx stretch the vocal folds. This interplay is rarely investigated, but can give insight in the complex process of speech production. Most material properties studies are damaging the tissue;therefore, a nondestructive one is desired. Methods: An ex vivo phonation experiment combined with the dynamic Pipette Aspiration Technique is used to investigate 10 porcine larynges, under manipulations of different adduction and elongation levels. For each manipulation, the near surface material properties of the vocal folds are measured as well as different phonation parameters like the subglottal pressure, glottal resistance, frequency, and stiffness. Thereby, a high-speed camera was used to record the vocal fold movement. Results: On most of the measured parameters, the manipulations do show an effect. Both manipulations lead to a higher phonation frequency and an increase of the stiffness of the tissue. Comparing both manipulations, the elongation results in higher elasticity values than the adduction. Different measurement parameters have been compared with each other and correlations could be found. Where the strongest correlation are found among the elasticity values of different frequencies. But it can also be seen that the elasticity values correlate with phonation parameters. Conclusion: It was possible to produce a data set of 560 measurements in total. To our knowledge, this is the first time Pipette Aspiration Technique was combined with ex vivo phonation measurements for combined measurements. The amount of measurement data made it possible to carry out statistic investigations. The effect of the manipulations on material properties as well as on phonation parameters could be measured and different correlations cou

关键词： Dynamic elasticity Ex-vivo Manipulations Material properties Phonation experiment Pipette aspiration Soft tissue Vocal fold

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Multi-frequency photothermal interferometry of single aerosol particles

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Journal of Aerosol Science 2025年

作者： Felix W. Stollberger Michael J. Gleichweit Ruth Signorell Alexander Bergmann Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 33 Graz 8010 Austria Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 Zurich 8093 Switzerland

The frequency dependence of photothermal and photoacoustic signals provides information on evaporation, condensation, and heat transfer processes in aerosol particles. Performing such measurements at the single particle level increases accuracy and provides access to various particle properties. Previously, this was not possible due to the resonant acoustic signal amplification required in photoacoustics, which restricted usable modulation frequencies to a single value. In this study, we introduce the use of multi-frequency photothermal interferometry (n ω -PTI) on single, optically trapped particles and experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of the photothermal signal. The observed signal and its dependence on the optical and thermophysical properties of the particle and the interferometer probe beam are analyzed by an accompanying theoretical model. Our measurements prove the applicability of the presented method and indicate a stronger frequency dependence of the photothermal amplitude from single particles than previously observed in bulk measurements. Furthermore, we were able to decouple the contributions from the particle temperature and the thermal wave propagation and examine their frequency dependencies individually. Finally, we analyzed the direct influence of the particle on the measured signal and showed the potential of frequency-resolved photothermal measurements to study thermophysical parameters or optical properties at the single particle level in the Knudsen transition regime.

关键词： Photothermal interferometry Single particle Heat transfer Multi-frequency Fabry-Pérot interferometer Thermal wave

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Monitoring the evolution of dimensional accuracy and product properties in property-controlled forming processes

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Stebner, Sophie Charlotte Martschin, Juri Arian, Bahman Dietrich, Stefan Feistle, Martin Hütter, Sebastian Lafarge, Rémi Laue, Robert Li, Xinyang Schulte, Christopher Spies, Daniel Thein, Ferdinand Wendler, Frank Wrobel, Malte Vasquez, Julian Rozo Dölz, Michael Münstermann, Sebastian Integrity of Materials and Structures RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Components Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Paderborn University Paderborn Germany Institute for Applied Materials - Material Science KIT Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany Garching Germany Institute of Materials and Joining Technology Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg Germany Forming and Machining Processes Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Productions Processes Professorship Virtual Production Engineering Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute of Automatic Control RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institut für Geometrie und Praktische Mathematik RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Karlsruhe Germany Dortmund Germany

As recent trends in manufacturing engineering disciplines show a clear development in the sustainable as well as economically efficient design of forming processes, monitoring techniques have been gaining in relevance. In terms of monitoring of product properties, most processes are currently open-loop controlled, entailing that the microstructure evolution, which determines the final product properties, is not considered. However, a closed-loop control that can adjust and manipulate the process actuators according to the required product properties of the component will lead to a considerable increase in efficiency of the processes regarding resources and will decrease postproduction of the component. For most forming processes, one set of component dimensions will result in a certain set of product properties. However, to successfully establish closed-loop property controls for the processes, a systematic understanding of the reciprocity of the dimensions after forming and final product properties must be established. This work investigates the evolution of dimensional accuracy as well as product properties for a series of forming processes that utilize different degrees of freedom for process control. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microstructure

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Design and machining of a calibration artefact for an angular-resolved scattering light sensor 19

Design and machining of a calibration artefact for an angula...

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19th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2019

作者： Klauer, Katja Eifler, Matthias Stelzer, Gerhard Kirsch, Benjamin Seewig, Jörg Aurich, Jan C. Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems Germany Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Institute for Measurement and Sensor-Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780995775145

Angular-resolved scattering (ARS) light sensors are a state of the art technique for in-process and on-machine measurement applications. They do not measure height values, but angles, which results into a high robustness regarding vibrations. The sensor requires corresponding calibration artefacts which can ensure a defined measurement uncertainty and a traceability of the measurement results. As the height values are not the actual measurand of the sensor, the traceability regarding the unit of length is a challenging task which is not yet standardized. A calibration artefact was designed which images and calibrates multiple properties of the ARS sensor. The M- and Aq-value as defined in the guideline VDA 2009 are imaged with different values. Based on stylus instrument measurements and a subsequent virtual ARS light sensor measurement, the suitability of different types of profiles for the calibration of the Aq-value are examined. It is demonstrated that the manufacturing method of ultra-precision turning provides the opportuinity to manufacture different suitable microstructured surfaces for the calibration of ARS light sensors. © 2019 European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Conference Proceedings - 19th International Conference and Exhibition, EUSPEN 2019. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

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