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Active learning for coreference resolution

Active learning for coreference resolution

2012 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL HLT 2012

作者： Laws, Florian Heimerl, Florian Schütze, Hinrich Universität Stuttgart Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems Universität Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1937284204

We present an active learning method for coreference resolution that is novel in three respects. (i) It uses bootstrapped neighborhood pooling, which ensures a class-balanced pool even though gold labels are not available. (ii) It employs neighborhood selection, a selection strategy that ensures coverage of both positive and negative links for selected markables. (iii) It is based on a query-by-committee selection strategy in contrast to earlier uncertainty sampling work. Experiments show that this new method outperforms random sampling in terms of both annotation effort and peak performance. © 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Learning systems

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Increasing the User's Attention on the Web: Using Implicit Interaction based on Gaze Behavior to Tailor Content 12

Increasing the User's Attention on the Web: Using Implicit I...

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7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design, NordiCHI 2012

作者： Alt, Florian Shirazi, Alireza Sahami Schmidt, Albrecht Mennenöh, Julian Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany Marketing and Retail University of Duisburg Essen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450314824

The World Wide Web has evolved into a widely used interactive application platform, providing information, products, and services. With eye trackers we envision that gaze information as an additional input channel can be used in the future to adapt and tailor web content (e.g., news, information, ads) towards the users' attention as they implicitly interact with web pages. We present a novel approach, which allows web content to be customized on-the-fly based on the the user's gaze behavior (dwell time, duration of fixations, and number of fixations). Our system analyzes the gaze path on a page and uses this information to create adaptive content on subsequent pages. As a proof-of-concept we report on a case study with 12 participants. We presented them both randomly chosen content (baseline) as well as content chosen based on their gaze-behavior. We found a significant increase of attention towards the adapted content and evidence for changes in the user attitude based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Eye tracking

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Redundant dictionary spaces as a general concept for the analysis of non-vectorial data

Redundant dictionary spaces as a general concept for the ana...

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12th Industrial Conference on Advances in Data Mining, ICDM 2012

作者： Klenk, Sebastian Dippon, Jürgen Burkovski, Andre Heidemann, Gunther Visualization and Interactive Systems Institute Stuttgart University Stuttgart 70569 Germany Institute of Stochastics and Applications Stuttgart University Stuttgart 70569 Germany University of Osnabrück Osnabrück 49069 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642314872

Many types of data we are facing today are non-vectorial. But most of the analysis techniques are based on vector spaces and heavily depend on the underlying vector space properties. In order to apply such vector space techniques to non-vectorial data, so far only highly specialized methods have been suggested. We present a uniform and general approach to construct vector spaces from non-vectorial data. For this we develop a procedure to map each data element in a special kind of coordinate space which we call redundant dictionary space (RDS). The mapped vector space elements can be added, scaled and analyzed like vectors and thus allows any vector space analysis techniques to be used with any kind of data. The only requirement is the existence of a suitable inner product kernel. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Rule-based transformation of map data

Rule-based transformation of map data

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IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom)

作者： Bernhard Schmitz Thomas Ertl Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems Universität Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

The use of map data is often limited by the specific format and level of detail in which it is stored. We present a method that uses rule-based two dimensional scripting to enhance map data according to individual req... 详细信息

关键词： XML Geometry Databases Servers Navigation Grammar Object recognition

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Simplifying filter/flow graphs by subgraph substitution

Simplifying filter/flow graphs by subgraph substitution

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： Florian Haag Steffen Lohmann Thomas Ertl Visualization and Interactive Systems Institute (VIS) University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

Although the filter/flow model is a useful concept for query visualization, the resulting graphs can be quite complex. We aim to reduce this complexity by substituting recurring subgraphs with more compact structures. Based on related work on extensions to the filter/flow concept, we have identified four recurring subgraphs that can be significantly simplified by substitutions. We describe these substitutions and discuss the preconditions that must be satisfied for their application. An example of news filtering illustrates how the substitutions can be used to simplify the overall structure of filter/flow graphs and increase their readability.

关键词： visualization USA Councils Complexity theory Data visualization Libraries Flow graphs

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Interacting places — A framework for promoting community interaction and place awareness through public displays

Interacting places — A framework for promoting community in...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom)

作者： Nemanja Memarovic Marc Langheinrich Florian Alt Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano Lugano Switzerland Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781467309073

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309059

The proliferation of public displays, along with ubiquitous wireless communication and sensing technology, has made it possible to create a novel public communication medium: open networked pervasive displays would allow citizens to provide their own content, appropriate close-by displays, and increase their own awareness of a display's surroundings and its local communities. We envision that such displays ultimately can create interacting places, i.e., public spaces that promote community interaction and place awareness. In this paper we describe our Interacting Places Framework (IPF), which helps to identify challenges and opportunities in this novel research space. Our IPF has 4 elements: (1) content providers, i.e., entities that supply content; (2) content viewers, i.e., people who consume the content; (3) a number of interacting places communication channels that range from inclusive, i.e., open-for-everyone, and exclusive, i.e., closed-group communication; and (4) an awareness diffusion layer that promotes community interaction either explicitly, i.e., through content tailored towards a specific audience, or implicitly, by observing output for other people. We have begun initial deployments examining this space and will use the framework presented here to analyze future results.

关键词： Communities Communication channels Mobile handsets Presses Instruments Educational institutions Cities and towns

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Graph-based combinations of fragment descriptors for improved 3D object retrieval 12

Graph-based combinations of fragment descriptors for improve...

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3rd ACM Multimedia systems Conference, MMSys'12

作者： Schreck, Tobias Scherer, Maximilian Walter, Michael Bustos, Benjamin Yoon, Sang Min Kuijper, Arjan Data Analysis and Visualization Group University of Konstanz Germany Interactive Graphics Systems Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany KDW+PRISMA Department of Computer Science University of Chile Chile Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology Yonsei University Korea Republic of Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311311

3D Object Retrieval is an important field of research with many application possibilities. One of the main goals in this research is the development of discriminative methods for similarity search. The descriptor-based approach to date has seen a lot of research attention, with many different extraction algorithms proposed. In previous work, we have introduced a simple but effective scheme for 3D model retrieval based on a spatially fixed combination of 3D object fragment descriptors. In this work, we propose a novel flexible combination scheme based on finding the best matching fragment descriptors to use in the combination. By an exhaustive experimental evaluation on established benchmark data we show the capability of the new combination scheme to provide improved retrieval effectiveness. The method is proposed as a versatile and inexpensive method to enhance the effectiveness of a given global 3D descriptor approach. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Self organizing maps

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Personalized environmental service orchestration for quality of life improvement

Personalized environmental service orchestration for quality...

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8th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, AIAI 2012: AIAB, AIeIA, CISE, COPA, IIVC, ISQL, MHDW, and WADTMB

作者： Wanner, Leo Vrochidis, Stefanos Rospocher, Marco Moßgraber, Jürgen Bosch, Harald Karppinen, Ari Myllynen, Maria Tonelli, Sara Bouayad-Agha, Nadjet Casamayor, Gerard Ertl, Thomas Hilbring, Désirée Johansson, Lasse Karatzas, Kostas Kompatsiaris, Ioannis Koskentalo, Tarja Mille, Simon Moumtzidou, Anastasia Pianta, Emanuele Serafini, Luciano Tarvainen, Virpi Dept. of Information and Communication Technologies Pompeu Fabra University Spain Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Informatics and Telematics Institute Greece Fondazione Bruno Kessler Italy Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics System Technologies and Image Exploitation Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany Finish Meteorological Institute Finland Helsinki Regional Environmental Services Authority Finland Informatics Systems and Applications Group Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783642334115

Environmental and meteorological conditions are of utmost importance for the population, as they are strongly related to the quality of life. Citizens are increasingly aware of this importance. This awareness results in an increasing demand for environmental information tailored to their specific needs and background. We present an environmental information platform that supports submission of user queries related to environmental conditions and orchestrates results from complementary services to generate personalized suggestions. From the technical viewpoint, the system discovers and processes reliable data in the web in order to convert them into knowledge. At run time, this information is transferred into an ontology-structured knowledge base, from which then information relevant to the specific user is deduced and communicated in the language of their preference. The platform is demonstrated with real world use cases in the south area of Finland showing the impact it can have on the quality of everyday life. © 2012 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

关键词： Information services

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Wavefronts and Light Cones for Kerr Spacetimes

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第12期3卷 1882-1890页

作者： Francisco Frutos-Alfaro Frank Grave Thomas Müller Daria Adis Department of Physics University of Costa Rica San Pedro Costa Rica Institute for Visualization und Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Theoretical Astrophysics University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany

We investigate the light propagation by means of simulations of wavefronts and light cones for Kerr spacetimes. Simulations of this kind give us a new insight to better understand the light propagation in presence of massive rotating black holes. A relevant result is that wavefronts are backscattered with winding around the black hole. To generate these visualizations, an interactive computer program with a graphical user interface, called JWFront, was written in Java.

关键词： General Relativity Wavefronts Lightcones Simulations

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Anisotropic range image integration

Anisotropic range image integration

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Joint 34th Symposium of the German Association for Pattern Recognition, DAGM 2012 and 36th Symposium of the Austrian Association for Pattern Recognition, OAGM 2012

作者： Schroers, Christopher Zimmer, Henning Valgaerts, Levi Bruhn, Andrés Demetz, Oliver Weickert, Joachim Mathematical Image Analysis Group Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Saarland University Saarbrücken 66041 Germany Computer Graphics Laboratory Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Zurich 8092 Switzerland Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik Campus E1.4 Saarbrücken 66123 Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Universitätsstraße 38 70569 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642327162

Obtaining high-quality 3D models of real world objects is an important task in computer vision. A very promising approach to achieve this is given by variational range image integration methods: They are able to deal with a substantial amount of noise and outliers, while regularising and thus creating smooth surfaces at the same time. Our paper extends the state-of-the-art approach of Zach et al.(2007) in several ways: (i) We replace the isotropic space-variant smoothing behaviour by an anisotropic (direction-dependent) one. Due to the directional adaptation, a better control of the smoothing with respect to the local structure of the signed distance field can be achieved. (ii) In order to keep data and smoothness term in balance, a normalisation factor is introduced. As a result, oversmoothing of locations that are seen seldom is prevented. This allows high quality reconstructions in uncontrolled capture setups, where the camera positions are unevenly distributed around an object. (iii) Finally, we use the more accurate closest signed distances instead of directional signed distances when converting range images into 3D signed distance fields. Experiments demonstrate that each of our three contributions leads to clearly visible improvements in the reconstruction quality. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Computer vision

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