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arXiv 2019年

作者： Men, Hui Lin, Hanhe Hosu, Vlad Maurer, Daniel Bruhn, Andrés Saupe, Dietmar Department of Computer and Information Science University of Konstanz Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

—Current benchmarks for optical flow algorithms evaluate the estimation quality by comparing their predicted flow field with the ground truth, and additionally may compare interpolated frames, based on these predictions, with the correct frames from the actual image sequences. For the latter comparisons, objective measures such as mean square errors are applied. However, for applications like image interpolation, the expected user’s quality of experience cannot be fully deduced from such simple quality measures. Therefore, we conducted a subjective quality assessment study by crowdsourcing for the interpolated images provided in one of the optical flow benchmarks, the Middlebury benchmark. We used paired comparisons with forced choice and reconstructed absolute quality scale values according to Thurstone’s model using the classical least squares method. The results give rise to a re-ranking of 141 participating algorithms w.r.t. visual quality of interpolated frames mostly based on optical flow estimation. Our re-ranking result shows the necessity of visual quality assessment as another evaluation metric for optical flow and frame interpolation benchmarks. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical flows

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Text analysis using large high-resolution displays 19

Text analysis using large high-resolution displays

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2019 Conference on Mensch und Computer, MuC 2019

作者： Mayer, Sven Lischke, Lars Schwind, Valentin Gärtner, Markus Hämmerle, Eric Turcan, Emine Rheinwald, Florin Murawski, Gustav Kuhn, Jonas Henze, Niels Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Institute for Natural Language Processing University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450371988

Large high-resolution displays (LHRDs) are entering into our daily life. Today, we already see them in installations where they display tailored applications, e.g. in exhibitions. However, while heavily studied under lab conditions, real-world applications for personal use, which utilize the extended screen space are rarely available. Thus, today’s studies of LHRD are particularly designed to embrace the large screen space. In contrast, in this paper, we investigate a real-world application designed for researchers working on large text corpora to support them in deep text understanding. We conducted a study with 14 experts from the humanities and computational linguistics which solved a text analysis task using a standard desktop version on a 24 inch screen and an LHRD version on three 50 inch screens. Surprisingly, the smaller display condition outperformed the LHRD in terms of task completion time and error rate. While participants appreciated the overview provided by the large screen, qualitative feedback also revealed that the need for head movement and the scrolling mechanism decreased the usability of the LHRD condition. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Large high-resolution displays

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Building cognition-aware systems: A mobile toolkit for extracting time-of-day fluctuations of cognitive performance

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Proceedings of the ACM on interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2017年第3期1卷 1–15页

作者： Dingler, Tilman Schmidt, Albrecht Machulla, Tonja Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

People's alertness fluctuates across the day: at some times we are highly focused while at others we feel unable to concentrate. So far, extracting fluctuation patterns has been time and cost-intensive. Using an in-the-wild approach with 12 participants, we evaluated three cognitive tasks regarding their adequacy as a mobile and economical assessment tool of diurnal changes in mental performance. Participants completed the five-minute test battery on their smartphones multiple times a day for a period of 1-2 weeks. Our results show that people's circadian rhythm can be obtained under unregulated non-laboratory conditions. Along with this validation study, we release our test battery as an open source library for future work towards cognition-aware systems as well as a tool for psychological and medical research. We discuss ways of integrating the toolkit and possibilities for implicitly measuring performance variations in common applications. The ability to detect systematic patterns in alertness levels will allow cognition-aware systems to provide in-situ assistance in accordance with users' current cognitive capabilities and limitations. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Cognitive systems

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Proflow: Learning to predict optical flow

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Maurer, Daniel Bruhn, Andrés Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

Temporal coherence is a valuable source of information in the context of optical flow estimation. However, finding a suitable motion model to leverage this information is a non-trivial task. In this paper we propose an unsupervised online learning approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates such a motion model individually for each frame. By relating forward and backward motion these learned models not only allow to infer valuable motion information based on the backward flow, they also help to improve the performance at occlusions, where a reliable prediction is particularly useful. Moreover, our learned models are spatially variant and hence allow to estimate non-rigid motion per construction. This, in turns, allows to overcome the major limitation of recent rigidity-based approaches that seek to improve the estimation by incorporating additional stereo/SfM constraints. Experiments demonstrate the usefulness of our new approach. They not only show a consistent improvement of up to 27% for all major benchmarks (KITTI 2012, KITTI 2015, MPI Sintel) compared to a baseline without prediction, they also show top results for the MPI Sintel benchmark – the one of the three benchmarks that contains the largest amount of non-rigid motion. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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LabelTransfer - Integrating Static and Dynamic Label Representation for Focus+Context Text Exploration

LabelTransfer - Integrating Static and Dynamic Label Represe...

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Big Data Visual Analytics (BDVA)

作者： Qi Han Markus John Steffen Koch Ivan Assenov Thomas Ertl Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781538691953

In recent years, interactive visualization to analyze text documents has gained an impressive momentum. This is not surprising considering the fast increase of electronically available textual documents of various kinds. These include, for example, patents, scholarly documents, social media messages, and many other sources that contain valuable knowledge and insights for many stakeholders. interactive text visualization turned out to be an important means for exploring and gaining insights into complex and often large document collections. An established visualization strategy to represent such collections is using projection-based techniques that visualize documents as glyphs in a 2D view aiming to reflect the semantic similarity of documents by the proximity of their placement. Static labels have been suggested to characterize the overall topics contained in the projected data to improve the effectiveness of such visualization techniques. Other approaches employ magic lenses that enable users to explore the 2D spatialization freely on various granularity levels. In this work, we propose a visual exploration approach that combines cluster-based labeling of projected documents with an interaction concept for magic lens techniques. We offer a set of novel interactive features to support a smooth transition between static labels and the magic lens approach while exploiting the different levels of visual abstraction of both techniques without introducing additional clutter through overdraw. Finally, we provide insights gained from a preliminary user study and present the benefits of our approach.

关键词： Lenses Two dimensional displays Data visualization Labeling visualization Navigation Patents

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Varying the Stiffness and Diffusivity of Rod-Shaped Microgels Independently through Their Molecular Building Blocks

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第44期135卷

作者： Yonca Kittel Luis P. B. Guerzoni Carolina Itzin Dirk Rommel Matthias Mork Céline Bastard Bernhard Häßel Abdolrahman Omidinia-Anarkoli Silvia P. Centeno Tamás Haraszti Kyoohyun Kim Jochen Guck Alexander J. C. Kuehne Laura De Laporte DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1–2 52074 Aachen Germany Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Project administration (lead) Visualization (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Investigation (supporting) Supervision (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Validation (supporting) Visualization (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Visualization (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Forckenbeckstraße 55 52074 Aachen Germany Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Validation (supporting) Visualization (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Formal analysis (equal) Software (lead) Validation (supporting) Visualization (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin Staudtstraße 2 91058 Erlangen Germany Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Software (supporting) Validation (supporting) Visualization (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Writing - review

Microgels are water-swollen, crosslinked polymers that are widely used as colloidal building blocks in scaffold materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Microgels can be controlled in their stiffness, degree of swelling, and mesh size depending on their polymer architecture, crosslink density, and fabrication method—all of which influence their function and interaction with the environment. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how the polymer composition influences the internal structure of soft microgels and how this morphology affects specific biomedical applications. In this report, we systematically vary the architecture and molar mass of polyethylene glycol-acrylate (PEG-Ac) precursors, as well as their concentration and combination, to gain insight in the different parameters that affect the internal structure of rod-shaped microgels. We characterize the mechanical properties and diffusivity, as well as the conversion of acrylate groups during photopolymerization, in both bulk hydrogels and microgels produced from the PEG-Ac precursors. Furthermore, we investigate cell-microgel interaction, and we observe improved cell spreading on microgels with more accessible RGD peptide and with a stiffness in a range of 20 kPa to 50 kPa lead to better cell growth.

关键词： Diffusion Internal Structure Mechanical Properties Microfluidics PEG Microgels

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Chances and Challenges of Using Assistive systems in Education

Chances and Challenges of Using Assistive Systems in Educati...

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Mensch und Computer 2017, MuC 2017 - Workshopband - Human and Computer 2017, MuC 2017 - Workshop Proceedings

作者： Kosch, Thomas Knierim, Pascal Woźniak, Pawel Schmidt, Albrecht Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

Knowledge transfer in educational establishments has experienced a shift from printed media to digitized assistance. Creating adaptive content for educating individuals efficiently has become a major challenge within the design and development of computer-supported learning systems in schools, universities, and vocational schools. Assistance through augmented reality enables the storage of vast amounts of learning materials and annotation of content. Augmenting educational content adaptively provides a personalized experience, thus fostering the motivation of the individual. We present four dimensions to consider when transferring knowledge through personalized educational assistance using augmented reality. This is complemented by the presentation of four research questions based on the previously identified dimensions and related research. We aim to foster context-aware assistive systems that enhance the learning experience. Copyright (C) 2017 bei den Autoren.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Order-adaptive and illumination-aware variational optical flow refinement 28

Order-adaptive and illumination-aware variational optical fl...

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28th British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2017

作者： Maurer, Daniel Stoll, Michael Bruhn, Andrés Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)190172560X

Variational approaches form an inherent part of most state-of-the-art pipeline approaches for optical flow computation. As the final step of the pipeline, the aim is to refine an initial flow field typically obtained by inpainting non-dense matches in order to provide highly accurate results. In this paper, we take advantage of recent improvements in variational optical flow estimation to construct an advanced variational model for this final refinement step. By combining an illumination aware data term with an order adaptive smoothness term, we obtain a highly flexible model that is able to cope well with a broad variety of different scenarios. Moreover, we propose the use of an additional reduced coarse-to-fine scheme instead of an exclusive initialisation scheme, which not only allows to refine the initialisation but also allows to correct larger erroneous displacements. Experiments on recent optical flow benchmarks show the advantages of the advanced variational refinement and the reduced coarse to fine scheme. The proposed order-adaptive method not only allows to significantly improve results compared to pipeline approaches based on traditional first-order refinement techniques, it also allows to outperform recent pure variational methods with full coarse-to-fine schemes. © 2017. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.

关键词： Optical flows

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Cognitive heat: Exploring the usage of thermal imaging to unobtrusively estimate cognitive load

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Proceedings of the ACM on interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2017年第3期1卷 1–20页

作者： Abdelrahman, Yomna Velloso, Eduardo Dingler, Tilman Schmidt, Albrecht Vetere, Frank Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems University of Stuttgart Germany School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Australia Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Japan

Current digital systems are largely blind to users' cognitive states. systems that adapt to users' states show great potential for augmenting cognition and for creating novel user experiences. However, most approaches for sensing cognitive states, and cognitive load specifically, involve obtrusive technologies, such as physiological sensors attached to users' bodies. This paper present an unobtrusive indicator of the users' cognitive load based on thermal imaging that is applicable in real-world. We use a commercial thermal camera to monitor a person's forehead and nose temperature changes to estimate their cognitive load. To assess the effect of different levels of cognitive load on facial temperature we conducted a user study with 12 participants. The study showed that different levels of the Stroop test and the complexity of reading texts affect facial temperature patterns, thereby giving a measure of cognitive load. To validate the feasibility for real-time assessments of cognitive load, we conducted a second study with 24 participants, we analyzed the temporal latency of temperature changes. Our system detected temperature changes with an average latency of 0.7 seconds after users were exposed to a stimulus, outperforming latency in related work that used other thermal imaging techniques. We provide empirical evidence showing how to unobtrusively detect changes in cognitive load in real-time. Our exploration of exposing users to different content types gives rise to thermal-based activity tracking, which facilitates new applications in the field of cognition-aware computing. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Infrared imaging

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Immersive Modular Factory Layout Planning using Augmented Reality

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Procedia CIRP 2018年 72卷 1112-1117页

作者： Dominik Herr Jan Reinhardt Guido Reina Robert Krüger Rafael V. Ferrari Thomas Ertl Graduate School advanced Manufacturing Engineering University of Stuttgart Nobelstrasse 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems Universitaetsstrasse 38 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany AIT GmbH Leitzstrasse 45 D-70469 Stuttgart Germany Visualization Research Centre Allmandring 19 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

We present an immersive analytics approach to enhance production line planning. It enables experts to analyze the performance and spatial implications of already drafted production layouts in-situ on the shop floor. The approach is implemented as an augmented reality application prototype. Experts can interactively combine the computational capabilities of layout simulations with their experience allowing to consider possibly unmodeled restrictions. Our interactive approach is enhanced by automated layout suggestions using a genetic algorithm as well as an automated layout comparison. Further, we provide information about the layout’s optimization potential based on the calculation and visualization of critical paths in the layout.

关键词： Industrie 4.0 Augmented Reality Visual Analytics

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