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Generate high-resolution adversarial samples by identifying effective features

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Sizhe Zhang, Peidong Sun, Chengjin Cai, Jia Huang, Xiaolin Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai China HUAWEI 410 Jianghong Road Binjiang District Hangzhou China

As the prevalence of deep learning in computer vision, adversarial samples that weaken the neural networks emerge in large numbers, revealing their deep-rooted defects. Most adversarial attacks calculate an imperceptible perturbation in image space to fool the DNNs. In this strategy, the perturbation looks like noise and thus could be mitigated. Attacks in feature space produce semantic perturbation, but they could only deal with low resolution samples. The reason lies in the great number of coupled features to express a high-resolution image. In this paper, we propose Attack by Identifying Effective Features (AIEF), which learns different weights for features to attack. Effective features, those with great weights, influence the victim model much but distort the image little, and thus are more effective for attack. By attacking mostly on them, AIEF produces high resolution adversarial samples with acceptable distortions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of AIEF by attacking on different tasks with different generative models. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Partial Differential Equations is All You Need for Generating Neural Architectures - A Theory for Physical Artificial Intelligence Systems

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Guo, Ping Huang, Kaizhu Xu, Zenglin Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Lab. Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan215316 China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology at ShenZhen Peng Cheng National Lab Guangdong Shenzhen510855 China

In this work, we generalize the reaction-diffusion equation in statistical physics, Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics, and Helmholtz equation in paraxial optics into the neural partial differential equations (NPDE), which can be considered as the fundamental equations in the field of artificial intelligence research. We take the finite difference method to discretize NPDEs for finding the numerical solution. Moreover, the basic building blocks of deep neural network architectures, including multi-layer perceptron, convolutional neural networks, and recurrent neural networks, are generated. The learning strategies, such as Adaptive moment estimation, L-BFGS, pseudoinverse learning algorithms, and partial differential equation constrained optimization, are also developed. This work is of significance in that it presents a clear view of interpretable deep neural networks physically, enables high possibility to be applied to analog computing device design, and paves the road to physical artificial intelligence. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Schrodinger equation

NiuEM: A Nested-iterative Unsupervised Learning Model for Single-particle Cryo-EM image processing

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NiuEM: A Nested-iterative Unsupervised Learning Model for Si...

2020 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2020

作者： Hu, Rui Cai, Jiaming Zheng, Wangjie Yang, Yang Shen, Hong-Bin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Lab. of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728162157

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a mainstream technology for solving spatial structures of biomacromolecules, while the processing of cryo-EM images is a very challenging task. One of the great challenges is the high noise in the images. A common method is to cluster the images with close projecting angles to get mean images, which are used for 3D reconstruction. However, due to the extremely low signal-to-noise-ratio, common clustering methods often fail to obtain high-quality mean images, leading to poorly reconstructed structures. In this study, we present a new unsupervised learning framework, called NiuEM, to discriminate images captured from different angles and yield cluster-mean images. NiuEM first generates pseudo-labels and then exploits both contrastive loss and cross-entropy loss for training convolutional layers to learn feature representations. Moreover, the pseudo-labels are updated iteratively to enhance the reliability of labels. We assess the performance of NiuEM on four data sets via both visualized and quantitative experiments. Especially, two kinds of metrics are adopted to measure the performance, regarding the clustering quality and the resolution of reconstructed 3D models, respectively. The experimental results show that NiuEM achieves very competitive clustering accuracy in the comparison with the state-of-the-art image clustering methods. Moreover, the cluster mean images yielded by NiuEM lead to better initial 3D models compared with the mainstream reconstruction tools. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： image reconstruction

On the Target Area Tracking Method for Heart Rate Measurement Using Deep Learning Strategy

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On the Target Area Tracking Method for Heart Rate Measuremen...

2019第十一届数字图像处理国际会议

作者： Jiancheng Zou Sai Zhang Bailin Ge Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition North China University of Technology

Heart rate monitoring is important for diagnosis and prevention of physiological *** method of measuring heart rate by infrared sequence image has high *** shaking is a factor to affect the measurement *** if a slight shaking will create a big measurement *** this paper,we propose an automatic capture algorithm of heart rate measurement through the real-time tracking and capturing of the face monitoring area,so the disturbance caused by human body shaking is *** with the traditional method1,the measurement accuracy of the tests with shaking is improved about 6% higher based on our algorithm.

关键词： Automatic capture algorithm face feature point detection heart rate measurement

Real-time Oxygen Saturation Measurement Based on Reflective Region Removal Technology

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Real-time Oxygen Saturation Measurement Based on Reflective ...

2019第十一届数字图像处理国际会议

作者： Jiancheng Zou Yupeng Chen Bailin Ge Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition North China University of Technology

Blood oxygen saturation is an important physiological parameter to measure human *** oxygen saturation can be measured in real time through an optical lens with high ***,when there is the light reflection of the measured area,the accuracy of the measurement results will fluctuate,leading to the instability of the measurement *** this paper,we improved the original algorithm by detecting and removing the highlight *** experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved method is higher than that of the traditional method in the case of specular reflection and the stability of the measurement results is enhanced.

关键词： Detection of reflective area blood oxygen saturation imaging photoplethysmography

A Recent Survey of Vision Transformers for Medical image Segmentation

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Khan, Asifullah Rauf, Zunaira Khan, Abdul Rehman Rathore, Saima Khan, Saddam Hussain Shah, Sahar Farooq, Umair Asif, Hifsa Asif, Aqsa Zahoora, Umme Khalil, Rafi Ullah Qamar, Suleman Asif, Umme Hani Khan, Faiza Babar Majid, Abdul Gwak, Jeonghwan Pattern Recognition Lab Department of Computer & Information Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Center for Mathematical Sciences Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Avid Radio pharmaceuticals PhiladelphiaPA United States Eli Lilly and Company IndianapolisIN United States Swat Pakistan Air University E-9 Islamabad44230 Pakistan Digital Image Processing Lab Department of Computer Science Islamia College Peshawar Pakistan Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences Nilore Islamabad45650 Pakistan Department of Software Korea National University of Transportation Chungju27469 Korea Republic of

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in various healthcare applications, enabling accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. In recent years, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a promising technique for addressing the challenges in medical image segmentation. In medical images, structures are usually highly interconnected and globally distributed. ViTs utilize their multi-scale attention mechanism to model the long-range relationships in the images. However, they do lack image-related inductive bias and translational invariance, potentially impacting their performance. Recently, researchers have come up with various ViT-based approaches that incorporate CNNs in their architectures, known as Hybrid Vision Transformers (HVTs) to capture local correlation in addition to the globa l information in the images. This survey paper provides a detailed review of the recent advancements in ViTs and HVTs for medical image segmentation. Along with the categorization of ViT and HVT-based medical image segmentation approaches we also present a detailed overview of their real-time applications in several medical image modalities. This survey may serve as a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and students in understanding the state-of-the-art approaches for ViT-based medical image segmentation. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diagnosis

A novel TSK fuzzy system incorporating multiview collaborative transfer learning for personalized epileptic EEG detection

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Andong Deng, Zhaohong Lou, Qiongdan Choi, Kup-Sze Shen, Hongbin Wang, Shitong School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Jiangnan University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Digital Design and Software Technology Wuxi214122 China Centre for Smart Health Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China

—In clinical practice, electroencephalography (EEG) plays an important role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. EEG-based computer-aided diagnosis of epilepsy can greatly improve the accuracy of epilepsy detection while reducing the workload of physicians. However, there are many challenges in practical applications for personalized epileptic EEG detection (i.e., training of detection model for a specific person), including the difficulty in extracting effective features from one single view, the undesirable but common scenario of lacking sufficient training data in practice, and the no guarantee of identically distributed training and test data. To solve these problems, we propose a TSK fuzzy system-based epilepsy detection algorithm that integrates multi-view collaborative transfer learning. To address the challenge due to the limitation of single-view features, multi-view learning ensures the diversity of features by extracting them from different views. The lack of training data for building a personalized detection model is tackled by leveraging the knowledge from the source domain (reference scene) to enhance the performance of the target domain (current scene of interest), where mismatch of data distributions between the two domains is resolved with adaption technique based on maximum mean discrepancy. Notably, the transfer learning and multi-view feature extraction are performed at the same time. Furthermore, the fuzzy rules of the TSK fuzzy system equip the model with strong fuzzy logic inference capability. Hence, the proposed method has the potential to detect epileptic EEG signals effectively, which is demonstrated with the positive results from a large number of experiments on the CHB-MIT dataset. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electrophysiology

Edge-Aware Graph Attention Network for Ratio of Edge-User Estimation in Mobile Networks

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Edge-Aware Graph Attention Network for Ratio of Edge-User Es...

International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Jiehui Deng Sheng Wan Xiang Wang Enmei Tu Xiaolin Huang Jie Yang Chen Gong PCA Lab the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China

Estimating the Ratio of Edge-Users (REU) is an important issue in mobile networks, as it helps the subsequent adjustment of loads in different cells. However, existing approaches usually determine the REU manually, which are experience-dependent and labor-intensive, and thus the estimated REU might be imprecise. Considering the inherited graph structure of mobile networks, in this paper, we utilize a graph-based deep learning method for automatic REU estimation, where the practical cells are deemed as nodes and the load switchings among them constitute edges. Concretely, Graph Attention Network (GAT) is employed as the backbone of our method due to its impressive generalizability in dealing with networked data. Nevertheless, conventional GAT cannot make full use of the information in mobile networks, since it only incorporates node features to infer the pairwise importance and conduct graph convolutions, while the edge features that are actually critical in our problem are disregarded. To accommodate this issue, we propose an Edge-Aware Graph Attention Network (EAGAT), which is able to fuse the node features and edge features for REU estimation. Extensive experimental results on two real-world mobile network datasets demonstrate the superiority of our EAGAT approach to several state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Deep learning Fuses Estimation Switches pattern recognition

Sparse slow feature analysis for enhanced control monitoring and fault isolation 1

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Sparse slow feature analysis for enhanced control monitoring...

1st International Conference on Industrial Artificial Intelligence, IAI 2019

作者： Shang, Chao Huang, Xiaolin Yang, Fan Huang, Dexian Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200400 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728135939

This paper presents sparse slow feature analysis (SFA) for efficient process monitoring and fault isolation, which is a new latent variable model for time series data. We first recast sparse SFA in terms of a novel regression-Type problem, and further incorporate l-{1}-norm penalty into the objective in order to promote sparsity. To solve the induced nonconvex optimization problem, a tailored iterative algorithm is developed. With the sparse representation, process variables with insignificant contributions can be completely omitted, and each latent variable relates only to a fraction of crucial process variables in comparison with the generic SFA. A new process monitoring and fault isolation approach is developed based on the sparse SFA, which results in improved monitoring performance, easy-To-interpret diagnostics, and meaningful process knowledge discovery. Case studies on the Tennessee Eastman process are carried out to address the applicability of the proposed approach. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Process monitoring