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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gu, Liang Liu, Yang Chen, Pin Huang, Haiyou Chen, Ning Li, Yang Lu, Yutong Su, Yanjing Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Department of Engineering Science and Materials University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Puerto Rico 00681-9000 United States

Predicting high temperature superconductors has long been a great challenge. A major difficulty is how to predict the transition temperature (Tc) of superconductors. Recently, progress in material informatics has led to a number of machine learning models predicting Tc, which greatly improves the efficiency of prediction. Unfortunately, prevailing models have not shown adequate physical rationality and generalization ability to find new high temperature superconductors, yet. In this work, in order to give a trustable prediction on the unexplored materials, we built a bond-sensitive graph neural network (BSGNN), which is optimized to process the information of chemical bond and electron interaction in the crystal lattice, to predict the Tc maximum (Tcmax) of each type of superconducting materials. On the basis of the domain knowledge considered in the data preparation and algorithm design, our model revealed a relevance between the Tcmax and chemical bonds. The results indicate that shorter bond length is favored by high Tc, which is in accordance with previous human experience. Moreover, it also shows that some specific chemical elements are favored by high Tc, which is beyond what human experts already knew. It gives a convenient guidance for searching high temperature superconductors in materials database, by ruling out the materials that could never have high Tc Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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On nonlinear compression costs: when Shannon meets Rényi

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Somazzi, Andrea Ferragina, Paolo Garlaschelli, Diego IMT School for Advanced Studies Piazza S. Francesco 19 Lucca55100 Italy Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 Pisa56126 Italy Department of Computer Science University of Pisa Pisa Italy Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics Niels Bohrweg 2 CA Leiden2333 Netherlands INdAM-GNAMPA Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Italy

Shannon entropy is the shortest average codeword length a lossless compressor can achieve by encoding i.i.d. symbols. However, there are cases in which the objective is to minimize the exponential average codeword length, i.e. when the cost of encoding/decoding scales exponentially with the length of codewords. The optimum is reached by all strategies that map each symbol xi generated with probability pi into a codeword of pqi length D(q)(i) = − logD Pq / ∑Nj=1 pqj . This leads to the minimum exponential average codeword length, which equals the Rényi, rather than Shannon, entropy of the source distribution. We generalize the established Arithmetic Coding (AC) compressor to this framework. We analytically show that our generalized algorithm provides an exponential average length which is arbitrarily close to the Rényi entropy, if the symbols to encode are i.i.d.. We then apply our algorithm to both simulated (i.i.d. generated) and real (a piece of Wikipedia text) datasets. While, as expected, we find that the application to i.i.d. data confirms our analytical results, we also find that, when applied to the real dataset (composed by highly correlated symbols), our algorithm is still able to significantly reduce the exponential average codeword length with respect to the classical ‘Shannonian’ one. Moreover, we provide another justification of the use of the exponential average: namely, we show that by minimizing the exponential average length it is possible to minimize the probability that codewords exceed a certain threshold length. This relation relies on the connection between the exponential average and the cumulant generating function of the source distribution, which is in turn related to the probability of large deviations. We test and confirm our results again on both simulated and real *** Codes 68P30, 94A29, 94A17 Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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Fun with replicas: tripartitions in tensor networks and gravity

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Penington, Geoff Walter, Michael Witteveen, Freek Center for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics University of California Berkeley United States Institute for Advanced Study Princeton United States Faculty of Computer Science Ruhr University Bochum Germany Department of Mathematical Sciences and QMATH University of Copenhagen Denmark

We analyse a simple correlation measure for tripartite pure states that we call G(A : B : C). The quantity is symmetric with respect to the subsystems A, B, C, invariant under local unitaries, and is bounded from above by log dAdB. For random tensor network states, we prove that G(A : B : C) is equal to the size of the minimal tripartition of the tensor network, i.e., the logarithmic bond dimension of the smallest cut that partitions the network into three components with A, B, and C. We argue that for holographic states with a fixed spatial geometry, G(A : B : C) is similarly computed by the minimal area tripartition. For general holographic states, G(A : B : C) is determined by the minimal area tripartition in a backreacted geometry, but a smoothed version is equal to the minimal tripartition in an unbackreacted geometry at leading order. We briefly discuss a natural family of quantities Gn(A : B : C) for integer n ≥ 2 that generalize G = G2. In holography, the computation of Gn(A : B : C) for n > 2 spontaneously breaks part of a Zn × Zn replica symmetry. This prevents any naive application of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena trick in a hypothetical analytic continuation to n = 1. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensors

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MambaXCTrack: Mamba-based Tracker with SSM Cross-correlation and Motion Prompt for Ultrasound Needle Tracking

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yuelin Ding, Qingpeng Lei, Long Shan, Jiwei Xie, Wenxuan Zhang, Tianyi Yan, Wanquan Tang, Raymond Shing-Yan Cheng, Shing Shin Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering T Stone Robotics Institute Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center Institute of Medical Intelligence and XR The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Ultrasound (US)-guided needle insertion is widely employed in percutaneous interventions. However, providing feedback on the needle tip position via US image presents challenges due to noise, artifacts, and the thin imaging plane of US, which degrades needle features and leads to intermittent tip visibility. In this paper, a Mamba-based US needle tracker MambaXCTrack utilizing structured state space models crosscorrelation (SSMX-Corr) and implicit motion prompt is proposed, which is the first application of Mamba in US needle tracking. The SSMX-Corr enhances cross-correlation by longrange modeling and global searching of distant semantic features between template and search maps, benefiting the tracking under noise and artifacts by implicitly learning potential distant semantic cues. By combining with cross-map interleaved scan (CIS), local pixel-wise interaction with positional inductive bias can also be introduced to SSMX-Corr. The implicit lowlevel motion descriptor is proposed as a non-visual prompt to enhance tracking robustness, addressing the intermittent tip visibility problem. Extensive experiments on a dataset with motorized needle insertion in both phantom and tissue samples demonstrate that the proposed tracker outperforms other stateof- the-art trackers while ablation studies further highlight the effectiveness of each proposed tracking module. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Needles

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A Survey of Pretraining on Graphs: Taxonomy, Methods, and Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Xia, Jun Zhu, Yanqiao Du, Yuanqi Li, Stan Z. School of Engineering Westlake University China Institute of Advanced Technology Westlake Institute for Advanced Study China Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Computer Science George Mason University United States

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT have revolutionized the landscape of natural language processing (NLP). Inspired by their proliferation, tremendous efforts have been devoted to pre-trained graph models (PGMs) recently. Owing to its huge model parameters, PGMs can capture abundant knowledge from massive labeled and unlabeled graph data. The knowledge implicitly encoded in model parameters can benefit various downstream tasks and help to alleviate several fundamental issues of learning on graphs. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey for PGMs. We first briefly present the limitations of graph representation learning and thus introduce the motivation for graph pre-training. Next, we systematically categorize existing PGMs based on a taxonomy from five different perspectives including the history, model architectures, pre-training strategies, tunning strategies and applications. Finally, we outline several promising research directions that can serve as a guideline for future studies. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Taxonomies

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A Smart Health Care Monitor System in IoT Based Human Activities of Daily Living: A Review

A Smart Health Care Monitor System in IoT Based Human Activi...

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2019 International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing, COMITCon 2019

作者： Jose Reena, K. Parameswari, R. Department of Computer Science School of Computing Science Vels Institute of Science Technology Advanced Studies Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728102115

IoT is extensively used in all applications. In the healthcare system IoT plays a major role of connecting doctors to the patients by using health monitoring devices. The elderly and the disabled people find this to be very economic and beneficial. There are various methods that monitor the wellbeing of the elderly and in this paper comparison various data mining methods that is being used from the data that is got from things like smart meter, appliance usage, video surveillance and their prediction accuracy is reviewed. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Using a Blend of Brassard and Benett 84 Elliptic Curve Digital Signature for Secure Cloud Data Communication

Using a Blend of Brassard and Benett 84 Elliptic Curve Digit...

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2020 International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems, ICESC 2020

作者： Srivastava, Vanchhana Pathak, Rohit Kumar Kumar, Arun Prakash, Shiv Centre for Advanced Studies Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Lucknow Uttar Pradesh226031 India Jk Institute of Applied Physics and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Prayagraj211002 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141084

The exchange of data has expanded utilizing the web nowadays, but it is not dependable because, during communication on the cloud, any malicious client can alter or steal the information or misuse it. To provide security to the data during transmission is becoming hot research and quite challenging topic. In this work, our proposed algorithm enhances the security of the keys by increasing its complexity, so that it can't be guessed, breached or stolen by the third party and hence by this, the data will be concealed while sending between the users. The proposed algorithm also provides more security and authentication to the users during cloud communication, as compared to the previously existing algorithm. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Bioresorbable Multilayer Photonic Cavities as Temporary Implants for Tether-Free Measurements of Regional Tissue Temperatures

引用

Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2021年第1期2卷 89-102页

作者： Wubin Bai Masahiro Irie Zhonghe Liu Haiwen Luan Daniel Franklin Khizar Nandoliya Hexia Guo Hao Zang Yang Weng Di Lu Di Wu Yixin Wu Joseph Song Mengdi Han Enming Song Yiyuan Yang Xuexian Chen Hangbo Zhao Wei Lu Giuditta Monti Iwona Stepien Irawati Kandela Chad R.Haney Changsheng Wu Sang Min Won Hanjun Ryu Alina Rwei Haixu Shen Jihye Kim Hong-Joon Yoon Wei Ouyang Yihan Liu Emily Suen Huang-yu Chen Jerry Okina Jushen Liang Yonggang Huang Guillermo A.Ameer Weidong Zhou John A.Rogers Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA The Center for Developmental Therapeutics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Neurobiology Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Northwestern Medicine Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208USA

Objective and Impact ***-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and *** thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body *** at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the ***,surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and ***,we report a wireless,bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities,for continuous optical measurements of regional,deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body *** designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra,to enable high accuracy in sensing,as supported by in vitro experiments and optical *** with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake,freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo *** results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments,with potential relevance to human healthcare.

关键词： signature constraints multilayer

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Stimulated Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons from a Quantum Ladder System

Stimulated Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons fr...

引用

2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Sbresny, Friedrich Hanschke, Lukas Schöll, Eva Rauhaus, William Scaparra, Bianca Boos, Katarina Casalengua, Eduardo Zubizarreta Riedl, Hubert del Valle, Elena Finley, Jonathan J. Jöns, Klaus D. Müller, Kai Walter Schottky Institut Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST Technische Universitat Miinchen Garching85748 Germany Department of Physics Paderborn University Paderborn33098 Germany Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton WolverhamptonWV1 1LY United Kingdom Departamento de Fisica Teórica de la Materia Condensada andlFIMAC Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Walter Schottky Institut Department of Physics MCQST Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany Institute for Advanced Study Technische Universität München Garching85748 Germany

Single photons play a key role for applications in photonic quantum technologies. Here we propose, model and demonstrate a scheme that enables the generation of high purity indistinguishable single photons from a quan... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Ladders

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Randomized dimensionality reduction for facility location and single-linkage clustering

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Narayanan, Shyam Silwal, Sandeep Indyk, Piotr Zamir, Or Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Institute of Advanced Study PrincetonNJ United States

Random dimensionality reduction is a versatile tool for speeding up algorithms for high-dimensional problems. We study its application to two clustering problems: the facility location problem, and the single-linkage hierarchical clustering problem, which is equivalent to computing the minimum spanning tree. We show that if we project the input pointset X onto a random d = O(dX)-dimensional subspace (where dX is the doubling dimension of X), then the optimum facility location cost in the projected space approximates the original cost up to a constant factor. We show an analogous statement for minimum spanning tree, but with the dimension d having an extra log log n term and the approximation factor being arbitrarily close to 1. Furthermore, we extend these results to approximating solutions instead of just their costs. Lastly, we provide experimental results to validate the quality of solutions and the speedup due to the dimensionality reduction. Unlike several previous papers studying this approach in the context of k-means and k-medians, our dimension bound does not depend on the number of clusters but only on the intrinsic dimensionality of X. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Location

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