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International Phoenix Conference on computers and Communications (IPCCC)

作者： K.-T. Ko S.K. Tripathi Institute for Advanced Computer Studies and System Design and Analysis Group Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA

The performance of the end-to-end sliding window flow control mechanism on a single virtual circuit in the high-speed, wide-area network environment is investigated. The propagation delay is taken into consideration as the dominant delay in the analysis of the sliding window flow control mechanism. A closed queuing network is used to model a single virtual circuit in high-speed networks. Three different approaches are adopted which give similar results. By the influence of propagation delay, the optimal window size which maximizes the network power no longer depends on the number of nodes only, but also depends on the ratio of propagation delay to switch processing delay. The results show that the optimal window size still can be represented as a simple function of network parameters. These results are validated by simulation.< >

关键词： Optimal control Intelligent networks High-speed networks Switches Packet switching Propagation delay Protocols Optical packet switching computer networks Delay effects

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MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, DW SADOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANDENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. During the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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MARUTI: a hard real-time operating system

MARUTI: a hard real-time operating system

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IEEE Workshop on Experimental Distributed systems

作者： O. Gudmundsson D. Mosse A.K. Agrawala S.K. Tripathi Systems Design and Analysis Group Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD USA

The MARUTI operating system is designed to support hard real-time applications on distributed computer systems while providing a fault-tolerant operation. Its design is object oriented, and the communication mechanism allows transparent use of the resources of a distributed system. Fault tolerance is provided through a consistent set of mechanisms that support a number of policies. Most important, MARUTI supports guaranteed-service scheduling, by which jobs that are accepted by the system are guaranteed to meet the time constraints of the computation requests with a specified degree of fault tolerance. As a consequence, MARUTI applications can be executed in a predictable fashion. The development of current hard real-time applications requires that the analyst estimate the resource requirements for all parts of the computation and then makes sure that the resources are available to meet the time constraints, which tends to be a cumbersome process. As a part of the MARUTI system, a set of tools which support the hard real-time applications during various phases of their life cycle has been developed. The present version of MARUTI has been implemented as a prototype running on a Unix platform. Experiences with the development of this prototype are also presented.< >

关键词： Real time systems Operating systems Fault tolerant systems Time factors Prototypes Application software computer applications Distributed computing Fault tolerance Processor scheduling

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DEVELOPMENTS IN SWATH TECHNOLOGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 171-188页

作者： GUPTA, SK SCHMIDT, TW Sudhir “S.K.” Guptais currently manager technical programs at Lockheed Shipbuilding Company Seattle Washington. He graduated from the Marine Engineering College India in 1972 and spent eight years as a marine engineer on commercial ships including service as a licensed chief engineer. In 1981 he received his BSE degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Before joining LSC Mr. Gupta worked with Designers and Planners Inc. His current responsibilities include management of SWA TH design and development efforts. Other experience has been in the fields of computer aided design and early-stage ship design. He received the Robert E. Gross Award for Technical Excellence as Engineer/Scientist of the Year from Lockheed Corporation in 1984 for his stability studies on LSD-41 class ships. Mr. Gupta has earlier presented technical papers on ship production and diesel engines. He is a member of SNAME ASNE RINA Institute of Marine Engineers and is registered as a chartered engineer in U.K. and in India. Terrence W. Schmidtgraduated from California State Polytechnic University in 1966 receiving his BS degree in aeronautical engineering. He received his MS degree in mechanical engineering from San Jose State University. Mr. Schmidt is currently a group leader at Lockheed Advanced Marine Systems Santa Clara previously known as the Ocean Systems Division of Lockheed Missile and Space Company. A key participant on all SWATH projects his work led to him being awarded the Robert E. Gross A ward for Technical Excellence as Engineer/Scientist of the Year in 198S. His responsibilities include hydrodynamic design development and analysis of SWATH ships. He has performed experimental and analytical studies on a variety of advanced marine vehicles. From 1966 to 1973 Mr. Schmidt worked at ARO Inc. as a project engineer responsible for planning conducting and documenting wind tunnel test programs. Models included missiles aircraft and marine vehicles.

It has been over two decades since the start of SWATH technology development began in earnest. SWATH is no longer an “emerging” technology. SWATH ships are now state of the art and the technology has come of age. With the construction of the 3500 ton Kaiyo in Japan, SWATH vessels have moved from prototypes and demonstrators to modern, high performance working vessels. A number of new design techniques have been developed which enhance the seakeeping and maneuvering capability of these ships. Other concepts currently being developed include producibility improvements, structural design manuals, cost and weight estimation standards, and performance predictions based on scale models. A synthesis computer program has been developed for conceptual design based on existing SWATH ships and designs.

关键词： SHIPS

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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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A computer-MODEL FOR SHIPBOARD ENERGY analysis

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第5期96卷 33-45页

作者： DETOLLA, JP FLEMING, JR Joseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1

In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF advanced MARINE VEHICLES FOR EXPRESS SHIPPING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 283-300页

作者： LUEDEKE, G FARNHAM, RB JR. George Luedeke Jr.: received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his MS degree in Product Design from Illinois Institute of Technology. Early in his career Mr. Luedeke joined General Motors Corporation as a designer responsible for development of people mover and rail rapid transit systems. From 1964 to 1974 he was with Hughes Aircraft Company. At Hughes he performed analyses and developed designs for a wide variety of program and proposal efforts such as: High Speed Ground Transportation (DOT) Task Force Command Center (NAVY) Panama Canal Marine Traffic Control Center (Panama Canal Co.) Royal Iranian Navy Command Center (Iran) Tactical Information Processing and Interpretation Center (Air Force) and WALLEYE CONDOR and PHOENIX Missile Systems (NAVY). He also had marketing development responsibilities related to the diversification of Hughes resources in civil business areas such as: Automatic train control (WMATA BARTD SCRTD) water/sewage treatment plant automation (Santa Clara County) Aqueduct Control (SWR) Hydrometeorological data collection (BPA WMO) and Salton Sea basin systems analysis (Dept. of the Interior). He was responsible for combat system integration for the Hughes 2000T Surface Effect Ship (SES) proposal. He also conducted detailed studies concerning ship flexure for the Improved Point Defense Target Acquisition System Program and for the definition of operational High Energy Laser weapon installations on a series of conventional monohulls (DLG DD and CVN). Since 1974 Mr. Luedeke has been employed at RMI Inc. (formerly Rohr Marine Inc.). During this time he has held several positions. His responsibilities have included directing a number of studies on advanced SES concepts managing activities defining mission/cost effectiveness of military and commercial SES's including defining the operational benefits and enhanced survivability characteristics of cargo SES's for high speed military sealiftfor NA TO and Southeast Asia

This paper will present the results of a marketing, engineering, and economic analysis of advanced marine vehicles done by IMA Resources, Inc. and RMI, Inc., in support of a Maritime Administration project to study “Multimode Express Shipping”. The study was conducted in 1981 and examined the economic benefits of using advanced marine vehicles as express cargo vessels in domestic and international service. Commodity characteristics, desirable express carrier rates, and potential high payoff service and route alternatives were identified. advanced marine vehicles were surveyed and sized to meet desirable deadweight and block speed objectives. The costs of operating these craft on a variety of trade routes were calculated using an advanced marine vehicle economic analysis program. Revenues, expenses, break-even, profit and loss, cash flow requirements, tax summary and economic indicators (i.e., cost/ton – mile, etc.) were projected over the expected life of the vehicles as was return on investment. Traffic density and market penetration considerations narrowed the field of choice to smaller sized advanced marine vehicle carriers (i.e., 50 and 250 ton deadweight) and to three international and five domestic routes.

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INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS FOR NAVAL SHIP systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 214-231页

作者： BRADY, EF DUBOIS, JP Eugene F. Brady:has varied experience in the Marine Nuclear Design and Computer Design Fields. His background includes three years as an Associate Professor of Engineering. (Widener College Chester Pennsylvania). Educated at the U.S. Maritime Academy at Kings Point Dr. Brady served four years in the U.S. Merchant Marine. He later worked in the early design of Naval Nuclear Submarine Power Plants (Bettis Plant) during which time he completed his graduate studies at the University of Pittsburgh. He is presently employed by Ingalls Shipbuilding Division and holds an active U.S. Coast Guard License as a first Assistant Engineering Officer for Steam Ships. While at the Westinghouse Bettis plant he was involved in the Design and Development of the first S5W Nuclear Propulsion Plant. This experience included investigations into the steam blanketing of heat transfer surfaces. This work was related to the phenomenon of “Chemical Hideout.” He is presently engaged in Advanced Technology Investigations for the Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Systems Inc. His recent activity has been associated with DDGX Design concepts and in the shipboard application of the RACER system to U.S. Navy surface combatants. Joseph P. DuBois:is Manager of Litton/Ingalls Shipbuilding's Advanced Technology Group. He has a total of 30 years of experience in the shipbuilding industry. His experience includes active duty in the U.S. Navy Bethlehem Steel Company J.J. Henry and Gibbs and Cox in various positions of key responsibility. These responsibilities included subsystem design and development shipbuilding installation tests evaluations and trials and materials and subsystems technology improvements. Responsibilities and experience at Ingalls Shipbuilding during the past fourteen years includes systems engineering analysis and development ship design/construction integration and project engineering management assignments. His formal training has included U.S. Naval Service Schools special training studies at Boston Univer

Increasing demands are being made of U.S. naval ship designers, to provide increased efficiency in both the use of space, and in the development of “highly energy-efficient” shipboard systems. This efficient use of space will allow the placement of additional (or larger) weapons systems on combat ships. The reduction of energy consumption, using energy-efficient ship systems, will extend a combat ship's cruising range. Therefore, the development of suitable advanced systems will enhance the military effectiveness of U.S. Naval Combat Ships. To achieve such improvements in naval ship design, many development programs are now in progress, both in the private sector (including Ingalls Shipbuilding Division) and in the U.S. Navy Establishment. An example of a major “NAVSEA-sponsored” program is the RACER program, in which a “highly-efficiency” COGAS (Combined Gas and Steam) system will be developed. This propulsion plant will be suitable for use on U.S. Navy Destroyers, and on other future naval combatants. In order to contribute to naval ship improvement, Ingalls Shipbuilding Division conducts an Independent Research and Development Program. This program includes the development of improved propulsion, ship's service power, and auxiliary systems. These include advancements in their type, efficiency (space and energy), and shipboard configuration. This paper will describe recent advances in these ship systems. Innovations to be described included advanced power plants (COGAS and other power plant configuration), and reduction of hull and appendage drag. Innovative auxiliary systems will include water purification, and energy-efficient auxiliaries. The emphasis will be on their viability for U.S. Navy application, and the potential for improved energy efficiency. Not all of the concepts described will be eventually implemented on naval ships. However, if those which do not result in hardware serve to stimulate discussion, and development of other innovative systems, this

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computer AIDS FOR SHIP design, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-Aided Ship design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship designer and design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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