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Hydrothermal pretreatment of food waste enhances performance of anaerobic co-digestion with sludge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年第9期32卷 5259-5275页

作者： Johnravindar, Davidraj Zhao, Jun Manu, Mathikere Krishnegowda Wong, Jonathan Woon Chung Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Guangdong Dongguan523830 China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong Department of Nanobiotechnology PSG Institute of Advanced Studies Coimbatore641 004 India

Food waste (FW) presents a significant opportunity for renewable energy production through anaerobic digestion (AD) when subjected to appropriate treatment. This study investigates the impact of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) on FW at varying temperature levels (90 °C, 120 °C, and 140 °C) prior to mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge (SS). Results demonstrate enhanced FW hydrolysis at 120 °C, leading to a cumulative methane yield of 324.39 ± 4.5 mL/gVSadd, representing a 41.75% increase over untreated FW (228.83 ± 1.13 mL/gVSadd). Shifts in microbial communities, particularly Methanosarcina, Methanobactrium, and Methanobrevibacter, support efficient methanogenesis. Co-digestion of FW pretreated at 120 °C yields maximum energy production of 11.48 MJ/t, a 49.47% improvement compared to untreated processes. The economic analysis underscores the profitability of co-digestion with FW pretreated at 120 °C. These findings highlight the potential for enhanced methane production and energy conversion efficiency with hydrothermally pretreated FW and SS co-digestion. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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A Study on the Use of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures for Optimizing the Design of Femoral Prosthesis 1st

A Study on the Use of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures...

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1st International Conference on Additive Manufacturing, ICAM 2024

作者： Manoharan, Madhanagopal Kaliaraj, Gobi Saravanan Sudalai, Perumal Preethi, S. Varghese, Sony Makerspace Center for Advanced Studies Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Chengalpet603308 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819760152

Femoral prostheses are pivotal in improving the quality of life for individuals suffering from hip joint-related issues, such as osteoarthritis and hip fractures. The design of these prostheses is critical to ensure long-term stability, functionality, and patient comfort. This study investigates the innovative application of functionally graded lattice structures to enhance the performance of femoral prostheses. Functionally graded lattice structures are characterized by varying material properties within the lattice, allowing for tailored mechanical properties to meet the specific demands of different regions within the prosthesis. This research aims to optimize the design of femoral prostheses by incorporating functionally graded lattice structures such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS). The current research encompasses a comprehensive review of existing femoral prosthesis designs and materials, biomechanical analysis, and computational modeling. Finite element analysis (FEA) will be employed to simulate the behavior of the functionally graded lattice structures under various loading conditions, providing insights into their mechanical performance. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and osseointegration potential of functionally graded lattice structures, ensuring that the prostheses not only withstand mechanical stresses but also promote the natural healing and integration processes of the surrounding bone tissue. The outcomes of this research include the development of novel femoral prosthesis designs that offer improved mechanical stability with reduced stress shielding and enhanced compatible nature. These advancements have the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for individuals requiring femoral prostheses while reducing the risk of complications associated with traditional designs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Hip prostheses

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Distortion Analysis of Dental Models Printed Using Material Jetting technology 1st

Distortion Analysis of Dental Models Printed Using Material ...

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1st International Conference on Additive Manufacturing, ICAM 2024

作者： Manoharan, Madhanagopal Kaliaraj, Gobi Saravanan Ponnusamy, Palanikumar Veerasamy, Aruna Kathiravan, S. Makerspace Center for Advanced Studies Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai600119 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram600127 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Chengalpet603308 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819760152

Advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have revolutionized dentistry, enabling the fabrication of intricate dental prostheses and models with high precision. Material jetting technology, known for its ability to produce detailed and complex structures, has gained prominence in the dental industry. This study focuses on the distortion analysis of soft gingiva masks and dental implant models fabricated using material jetting technology, to assess the accuracy and quality of these critical components in prosthodontics and implantology. The research methodology involves the selection of a diverse set of dental implant models and soft gingiva masks, representing various clinical applications. These models are designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software and subsequently 3D printed by material jetting technology. The fabrication process parameters are meticulously controlled to ensure consistency and repeatability. Post-printing, the dimensional accuracy and distortion of the printed components are assessed through a combination of digital measurements, 3D scanning, and comparative analysis with the original CAD designs. Preliminary findings reveal that material jetting technology offers a high level of accuracy and detail reproduction in the fabricated models. The results of this study provide valuable insights for both dental practitioners and manufacturers to improve the accuracy and reliability of 3D-printed dental prostheses and models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Dental prostheses

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Enhancing the Intrinsic Stability of Nonfullerene Acceptors through Dimerization via Ring-locking Strategy

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2025年第6期43卷 641-649页

作者： Yaxin He Ji Wan Xianglang Sun Jie Min Zhong’an Li Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074 China The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072 China

Comprehensive Summary The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of non-fullerene acceptor(NFA)-based organic solar cells(OSCs)have undergone an exciting development in recent years,but the poor intrinsic stability of exocyclic ethylene bridges in NFAs poses a significant challenge to their *** this work,we propose a new pyran-locking strategy that can stabilize the exocyclic ethylene bridge connecting the strong electron-deficient 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile end group,based on which two dimerized NFAs(ITBIC-F and TBTBIC-F)with an A-D-π-A-π-D-A structure have been successfully synthesized with significantly improved chemical and photochemical stabilities in comparison with traditional NFAs without the ring-locked *** ITBIC-F and TBTBIC-F-based OSCs not only achieve promising PCEs of 13.03%and 10.01%,respectively,but also show good device stability;the ITBIC-F-based unencapsulated devices can retain 75%and 62%of their initial PCEs,respectively,under continuous heat(85°C)and light irradiation(LED,100 mW·cm^(–2))in a nitrogen atmosphere.

关键词： Organic solar cells Electron acceptors Intrinsic stability Ring-locking strategy Photovoltaic properties

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Securing Drug Traceability: Blockchain-Enhanced Privacy Protection and Anti-Counterfeit Measures in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 2025年第3期20卷 1-21页

作者： Kalpana, R. Sridevi, S. Department of Computer Science and Engineering VELS Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Chennai India

Background : The pharmaceutical sector is under severe threat in ensuring the genuineness of drugs and securing sensitive information throughout the supply chain. Conventional security measures tend to be ineffective in addressing these issues comprehensively, resulting in weaknesses like counterfeit medicines and illegitimate access to data. Objective : This research suggests an integrated, state-of-the-art security system to provide improved data protection, encryption effectiveness, and supply chain integrity in the pharmaceutical industry. Methods : The suggested framework utilizes Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) in conjunction with QR code technology for secure, fine-grained data encryption. For the optimization of encryption key selection, a hybrid optimization method combining Red Panda Optimization (RPO) Algorithm and Group Teaching Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) is proposed. Additionally, Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocols and Shamir’s Secret Sharing scheme are used to guarantee that only legitimate parties can reconstruct and view important data, maintaining confidentiality and integrity. Results : Performance testing shows that the framework proposed performs better than traditional cryptos. Encryption time registered was at 0.21234 seconds, which was quicker than RSA (0.308372) and 3DES (0.36462). Decryption took 0.22112 seconds, which was faster than RSA’s 0.312773. Total turnaround time was cut to 0.431231 seconds, which was far superior to Blowfish at 0.52356 seconds. The system also attained a restoration efficiency level of 0.987453, ahead of RSA at 0.92133 and Blowfish at 0.94109. Conclusion : The security model offers a secure and feasible solution for end-to-end data protection and prevention of tampering and unauthorized access in the pharma supply chain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Blockchain Counterfeit drugs Drug traceability Key generation Optimization Privacy Security

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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence enhanced by macrocyclization

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shuo Li Chenghao Zhu Lijun Mao Xin Zhang Zecong Ye Chunju Li Da Ma School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies Taizhou University School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules Tianjin Normal University

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) depends on reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from the lowest triplet to the singlet excited state. Here, a macrocyclization strategy is developed to achieve TADF emission by promoting RISC. 5-(9Hcarbazol-9-yl) isophthalonitrile, a fluorescent molecule, is coupled with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene by methylene bridges to form a macrocycle with TADF emission. Experimental results and theoretical calculation indicate that the macrocyclization strategy contributes to RISC promotion and suppression of nonradiative decay, resulting in effective TADF emission transformed from prompt fluorescence. Three TADF luminophores are cyclized with the same strategy, and an enhanced TADF emission of up to3.8 folds is observed. The marriage of macrocycle chemistry and luminescent materials will provide new guidelines for designing efficient TADF materials.

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A novel partitioned random forest method based Facial Emotion Recognition

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 75089-75103页

作者： Heidari, Hanif Murugappan, M. Shaikh-Mohammed, Javeed Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. Damghan University Department of Applied Mathematics Damghan Iran Research Lab Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Block 4 Doha13133 Kuwait Vels Institute of Sciences Technology and Advanced Studies Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tamilnadu Chennai India Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Applied Medical Sciences Department of Biomedical Technology Al-Kharj11942 Saudi Arabia Qatar University Department of Electrical Engineering Doha2713 Qatar

Facial emotion recognition (FER) has been applied to various sectors, including e-learning, marketing, humanoid robot design, HMI/HCI applications, and medicine. The rapid development of intelligent technologies has led researchers to strive to improve facial emotion recognition techniques. A range of machine learning (ML) methods can be used to recognize facial expressions based on data from small to large datasets. Random Forest (RF) is simpler and more efficient than other ML algorithms. Some modified versions of RF have been developed to improve classification accuracy in the literature. Most improved RF versions modify attribute selection processes or combine them with other machine learning algorithms, increasing their complexity. Identifying an appropriate training dataset and determining its size remain open questions. The partitioned random forests (PRFs) approach is proposed as a modified strategy for improving FER. The proposed method divides multiple regions (different data lengths) into the feature space, allowing the algorithm to learn more complex decision boundaries. Using three statistical measures Lyapunov exponents (LE), Correlation Dimension (CD), and approximate entropy (AE), we evaluated the performance of machine learning algorithms over different data lengths. A crucial role for classification accuracy is played by the Lyapunov exponent or LE and the size of the dataset. A PRF is more effective on smaller datasets and with higher LE values. The proposed method for partitioning the datasets has been successfully tested on the FER dataset to classify six basic emotions (sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and happiness). Based on our numerical results, PRF performed better than traditional RF and other ML methods for FER, providing 98.37% mean absolute accuracy. Thus, a robust and useful method for improving classification rates is proposed for both small and large datasets. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Sensing of Surface Texture using Smart Glove for Post Stroke Rehabilitation

Sensing of Surface Texture using Smart Glove for Post Stroke...

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Trends in Material Science and Inventive Materials (ICTMIM), International Conference on

作者： S Priya P Sherin Heera Rj Hemalatha Department of Biomedical Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798331501488

ISBN: (纸本)9798331501495

Post-stroke patients need to be rehabilitated in order to gain partly or fully some of the motor facilities that seem to have ceased to function effectively. According to the research, post-stroke deficits in the human ability to palpate and comprehend surface features is the major difficulty a stroke survivor may experience; often they cause harm or accidentally destroy objects due to an incorrect manner of holding them. This research offers a new strategy with the aid of wearable haptic interface in the form of a smart glove that employs an ESP32 microcontroller and force sensors to identify surface texture. Using pattern recognition, we can effectively distinguish between a rough and a smooth surface to adapt to the pressure required to hold any object. This innovation apart from improving safety also gives the patient feedback in the process of rehabilitation. The use of machine learning in particular proves to be more preferable when it comes to texture recognition preventing shortcomings observed in other senor-based approaches.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Machine learning Stroke (medical condition) Motors Surface roughness Surface texture Rough surfaces Haptic interfaces Force sensors Surface treatment

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Kerker superscattering

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第1期23卷 014001-014001页

作者： Jiangshui Li Zhanyuan Zhang Yi Xu Songnian Fu Jun Yang Yuncai Wang Alexander S. Shalin Yuwen Qin Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education Institute of Advanced Photonic Technology School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Institute of Advanced Photonic Technology School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China Moscow Center for Advanced Studies Moscow 123592 Russia

Electromagnetic multipoles play an important role in the rapid development of micro-optics and nano-optics and offer unique degrees of freedom for tailoring the electromagnetic scattering at the subwavelength scale. The electromagnetic Kerker effect refers to a phenomenon of unidirectional light scattering, arising from the interaction between the induced electric dipole and magnetic dipole moments within a scatterer. Notably, both moments are typically constrained by the single-channel scattering limit. Therefore, the total scattering cross section at the Kerker condition is also limited, imposing a challenge to achieve superscattering and unidirectional scattering on resonance simultaneously. Herein, we introduce a concept of Kerker superscattering based on the interaction between super electric dipole scattering and super magnetic dipole scattering where both of their scattering cross sections exceed the single-channel scattering limit. This Kerker superscattering is achieved by the use of a dielectric resonator coated with a metasurface. Analytical conditions are derived for the Kerker superscattering, which agrees well with full-wave simulations. Microwave experiments in the frequency and temporal domains are conducted to further consolidate the theoretical results. It is anticipated that the proposed concept could facilitate the development of subwavelength antennas, unidirectional couplers, and Huygens metasurfaces.

关键词： Light scattering

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Achieving high strength and large ductility in a Cr30Co30Ni30Al5Ti5 alloy through intergranular precipitation

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Journal of Materials Science and technology 2025年 215卷 167-179页

作者： Zou, Jiawei Chen, Siyu Cheng, Pengming Ding, Jun Zhang, Chongle Zhang, Shengze Zhang, Bozhao Fu, Xiaoqian Chen, Yujie Zhao, Yuping Qi, Xu Gu, Lin Zhang, Ze Sha, Gang Yu, Qian Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Center for Alloy Innovation and Design State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Pico Electron Microscopy Center Innovation Institute for Ocean Materials Characterization Technology Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments Hainan University Haikou570228 China Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Precipitation at grain boundaries is typically not regarded as an efficient method for strengthening materials since it can induce grain boundary embrittlement, which detrimentally affects ductility. In this research, we developed a multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) with the composition Cr30Co30Ni30Al5Ti5 (at.%), incorporating both intragranular and intergranular nanoprecipitates. Utilizing multiscale, three-dimensional, and in-situ electron microscopy techniques, coupled with computational simulations, we established that intergranular nanoprecipitation in this material plays a crucial role in enhancing strength and promoting dislocation plasticity. The structure of intergranular nanoprecipitation comprises multiple phases with varying composition and structure. Despite the diversity, the crystal planes conducive to the easy glide of dislocations are well-matched, allowing for the sustained continuity of dislocation slipping across different phase structures. Simultaneously, this structure generates an undulated stress field near grain boundaries, amplifying the strengthening effect and facilitating multiple slip and cross-slip during deformation. Consequently, it promotes the proliferation and storage of dislocations. As a result, our material exhibits a yield strength of approximately 1010 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of around 1500 MPa, accompanied by a significant fracture elongation of 41 %. Our findings illuminate the potential for harnessing intergranular nanoprecipitation to optimize the strength-ductility trade-off in MPEAs, emphasizing the strategy of leveraging complex compositions for the design of sophisticated functional microstructures. © 2024

关键词： Ductility

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