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Distinct volume distribution of viable and non-viable hybridoma cells: A flow cytometric study

Cytotechnology 1989年第2期2卷 85-94页

作者： Sen, Sankar Srienc, Friedrich Hu, Wei-Shou Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55455 MN United States Institute for Advanced Studies in Biological Process Technology University of Minnesota St. Paul 55108 MN United States

Light scattering properties of hybridoma cells were examined with flow cytometry. Viable and dead cells form two distinct populations. The distribution of the two populations changes during a batch culture. the concentration of dead cells measured by flow cytometry correlates well to that measured by hemacytometer. The distribution based on small-angle light scattering is similar to the distribution based on volume as measured by Elzone particle counter. It thus appears that viable cells form the population with a larger mean cell volume. The results also indicate that the volume of viable cells decreases during the cultivation while that of dead cells remains relatively constant. © 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

关键词： cell culture cell volume flow cytometry hybridoma

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Code Construction Methods for Error Discriminating and Unidirectional Error Control Codes

Code Construction Methods for Error Discriminating and Unidi...

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The IEEE/CAM Information Theory Workshop at Cornell

作者： Tae Nam Ahn T.R.N. Rao K. Sakaniwa The Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Southwestern Louisiana Lafayette USA Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan

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HYDROLOGY OF A SMALL WET CATCHMENT

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HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 1989年第2期3卷 137-150页

作者： STAGNITTI, F PARLANGE, JY ROSE, CW Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Warrnambool Institute of Advanced Education P.O. Box 432 Warrnambool Victoria 3280 Australia Department of Agricultural Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York U.S.A. School of Australian Environmental Studies Griffith University Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia

The hydrology of a small wet forested region is studied. Catchment discharge, solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, precipitation, soil moisture, and the water elevation in a swamp were monitored for several months in 1973 and 1975. These data are used to investigate various aspects of the catchment's hydrology and in particular to study the catchment's evapotranspirational requirements. The actual evapotranspiration loss is calculated from a water budget approach. The Priestley-Taylor model is used to predict the medium to long-term evapotranspiration from the basin. The predictions based on the model are in very good agreement with the actual evapotranspirational demand. Evapotranspiration is found to play a significant role in the catchment's water balance.

关键词： Forest hydrology Evapotranspiration Water balance Priestley-Taylor equation

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ARE BTK PLANTS REALLY SAFE TO EAT

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BIO-technology 1990年第11期8卷 1011-1015页

作者： GOLDBURG, RJ TJADEN, G current address: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology Rockefeller University 1230 York Ave. New York NY 10021.REFERENCES Meeusen R.L. and Warren G. 1989. Insect control with genetically engineered crops. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 34: 373-381.|Article|ISI| BuchanaR.E. and Gibbons N.E. (eds.) 1974. Bergey 's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 8th Ed. Williams and Wilkins Baltimore MD.Hofte H. and Whiteley H.R. 1989. Insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Microbiol. Rev. 53: 242-255.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Bottjer K.P. Bone L.W. and Gill S.G. 1985. Nematoda: Susceptibility of the Egg to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Exp. Parasitol. 60: 239-244.|Article|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Martin P.A.W. and Travers R.S. 1989. Worldwide abundance and distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 2437-2442.|ISI|Angus T.A. 1956. Association of toxicity with protein-crystalline inclusions of Bacillus sotto. Ishiwata. Can. J. Microbiol. 2: 122.|ChemPort|Dulmage H.T. 1971. Production of delta endotoxin by eighteen isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype 3 in 3 fermentation media. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 18: 353-358.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Himeno M. 1987. Mechanism of action of delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. J. of Toxicol.-Toxin Reviews 6: 45-71.|ISI|ChemPort|Jaquet F. Hutter R. and Luthy P. 1987. Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 500-504.|ISI|ChemPort|National Research Council Canada Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. 1976. Bacillus thuringiensis: Its Effects on Environmental Quality. NRCC No. 15385 Ottawa Canada.Sebesta K. Farkas J. Horska K. and Vankova J. 1981. Thuringiensin the beta-exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis pp. 249-281 in Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 1970-1980. H.D. Burges (ed.) Academic Press New York.Heimpel A.M. and Angus T.A. 1963. Diseases caused by certain spore-forming bacteria pp. 21-73 in Insect Patholo

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AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES FOR ARCTIC OPERATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第6期100卷 59-71页

作者： KOLESER, J LAVIS, DR Jeffrey Koleser:was educated at the University of Michigan where in 1980 he earned his BSE in naval architecture and marine engineering. His professional career began with Gibbs & Cox Inc. New York City where he worked on the FFG-7 class ships for the U.S. Royal Australian and Spanish navies. In 1982 Mr. Koleser joined the Naval Sea Systems Command in the Preliminary Design Section (SEA-501) where he works today. Since then he has worked on the contract design of the DDG-51 the NFR-90 the Warfighting Improvement Program for the BB-61 class the FFG-7 class and the FF-1052 class ships. He has also worked on several CONFORM projects including the Arctic ACV. In addition to Mr. Koleser's formal education at the University of Michigan he is presently finishing up his studies at the off campus seminar of the Naval War College. David Lavis:was educated in Exmouth and Exeter Devon England. He began his professional career in air cushion vehicles with Saunders-Roe on the Isle of Wight in 1959. Initially as a student apprentice Mr. Lavis worked on many aspects of air cushion vehicle research design and construction. In 1966 he received a master of science degree from Cranfield Institute of Technology. A year later he joined Bell Aerosystems Buffalo New York and was engaged in the early design work for the SES-100B and the AALC Jeff(B). Mr. Lavis then joined the Aerojet General Corporation (AGC) in Sacramento and in 1972 he was appointed manager of technology for the AGC SES Division who were at that time testing the SES-100A and conducting the early design work for the 2KSES and AALC Jeff(A). Mr. Lavis has continued to support the U.S. Navy advanced ship programs. In 1977 together with Mr. E. G. U. Band he formed Band Lavis & Associates Inc. of Severna Park Maryland a company specializing in advanced marine technology.

The paper presents the results of the NavSea FY8S Surface Ship CONFORM Design Study for an initial operational capability (IOC) year-2000 air cushion vehicle (ACV) suitable for logistics and for general search and rescue duties in the Arctic. The study is one of several design studies produced each year by the CONFORM program to provide OpNav with alternative feasible ship concepts for varying IOC dates and to provide R&D planners with feedback regarding R&D alternatives. Two complete feasibility designs were developed. The first design was developed with the aid of an ACV design synthesis math model. The second design evolved as a derivative of an existing U.S. production craft and, as such, offered a lower risk approach. The results of performance and cost trade-off studies are presented from which it is concluded that gas turbines are the preferred choice of power plants and aluminum alloy is the preferred choice of hull structural material. The most suitable skirt height was found to be approximately 12 ft.

关键词： Air Cushion Vehicles

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EVOLUTION OF A MODERN NAVAL STEERING SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 55-64页

作者： WAGNER, P VAIL, JA Paul Wagner:was born in Vancouver Canada in 1941 and after engineering studies at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute and the University of British Columbia received a diploma of mechanical technology and completed a Prakticant engineering course with Mannesmann in West Germany. On graduation he joined the firm of Wagner Engineering Ltd. in 1965 and after 10 years of design and manufacturing responsiblity was advanced to vice president of sales. Present responsibilities include management of research and development projects evaluation of new products and marketing. Mr. Wagner is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and the Canadian Institute of Marine Engineers. Jeannine A. Vail:is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh and Wheeling College where she earned M. S. and B. S. degrees in mathematics. She is currently the president of Vail Research and Technology Corporation. Her experience includes 14 years in reliability maintainability and availability (RMA) engineering software development and cost analysis in the Naval Sea Systems Command the Naval Surface Weapons Center and industry. She developed RMA requirements and performed simulations on a wide variety of naval ships and underwater weapons. Ms. Vail is a member of ASNE IEEE and the Society of Reliability Engineers.

Ships' steering systems have progressed over the ages, driven by the need for more powerful and reliable systems. From simple mechanical devices thousands of years old to the latest electro-hydraulic systems, progress has been relatively slow but constant. Present systems tend to be the result of a series of modifications of older designs in response to a need for increased performance and reliability. This paper decribes the historical development leading to present designs and discusses a new approach which not only eliminates most problems inherent in present designs but also provides a more economical, more compact, and more cost effective solution as verified by detailed reliability and maintainability analysis.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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UNDERGROUND-STORAGE TANK MONITORING - OBSERVATION WELL BASED SYSTEMS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1986年第4期6卷 49-55页

作者： SCHEINFELD, RA ROBERTSON, JB SCHWENDEMAN, TG Raymond A. Scheinfeld is a geologist with Roy F. Weston Inc. He holds a B. A. and an M. S. in geology from Temple University and is working on a Ph. D. in geology at the University of Delaware. His areas of specialization include organic and biogeochemistry sedimentology clay mineralogy karst hydrogeology aquifer testing and underground storage tank management. Todd G. Schwendeman is presently the underground storage system coordinator of the American Petroleum Institute. He has a B. S. in biology from Colgate University and an M. S. in civil engineering from Montana State University. From 1982 to 1983 he was employed by the Research and Technical Laboratory for Texaco USA. His responsibilities included ground water surface water and hazardous waste investigations and assessments. His experience includes chemical/soil science hydrogeology geology and ground water contamination computer modeling. Prior to working for Texaco Schwendeman was employed by the U. S. Forest Service to investigate the water quality impact of select dust suppressants as well as performing technical analyses for a soils engineering firm. John B. Robertson is vice president and director of National Ground Water Programs for Roy F. Weston Inc. Robertson holds a geological engineering degree from the Colorado School of Mines with advanced studies in ground water hydrogeology at the University of Arizona. Before joining Weston he served more than 20 years with the U. S. Geological Survey conducting research on the fate and behavior of organic and radioactive wastes in ground water ground water modeling and management of nationwide radioactive and hazardous waste hydrogeology programs. At Weston Robertson directs several underground storage tank technology projects ground water modeling studies and serves as senior technical advisor on major nuclear waste disposal programs remedial investigations and ground water protection programs.

A growing number of state and local governments and petroleum-related companies require the use of release detection systems for underground petroleum storage tanks. This has resulted in a confusing array of commercially available petroleum product detection devices, many of which have not been extensively field-tested. These systems, which are installed in ground water observation wells, vapor wells or U-tubes, include hydrocarbon-detecting paste, bailers, interface probes, electrical resistivity sensors, thermal-conductivity sensors, hydrocarbon-soluble devices, hydrocarbon-permeable materials and vapor detectors. This paper describes the available state-of-the-art technology for leak detection and the application for which each system is best suited.

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TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF THE SES-200 HIGH LENGTH-TO-BEAM SURFACE EFFECT SHIP

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 77-93页

作者： ADAMS, JD BEVERLY, WF John D. Adams:is currently Manager of Marine Programs at Maritime Dynamics Inc. Tacoma Washington. He received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan in 1972. His professional career began at Stevens Institute of Technology working as a research engineer in the Davidson Laboratory where he conducted model test programs of both conventional and advanced ships. Some of his responsibilities included hydrodynamic model testing of the Navy SES-100A and SES-100B testcraft and the early 2000-ton and 3000-ton SES designs. In 1975 he accepted a position as Director of Maritime Dynamics' field activities at the USN Surface Effect Ship Test Facility where he had responsibility for SES-100A trials analysis. While at SESTF he directed several unique programs including the development of an experimental Ride Control System for the XR-1D SES testcraft. At his present position since 1982 Mr. Adams has directed the development of a production SES Ride Control System the SES-200 trial analysis and analytical research and design studies for SES. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. Walter F. Beverly III:is Test Director of the lead Landing Craft Air Cushion for Bell Aerospace in Panama City Florida. He has worked with surface effect ships (SES) for over ten years in various roles: SESTF. Past assignments included: Technical Director of the Navy Surface Effect Ship Test Facility (SESTF) Project engineer on the world's fastest warship the SES-100B and Program Manager's representative and T&E manager for the 3KSES Program in San Diego. Prior to his involvement with SES he was a flight test engineer at the Naval Air Test Center Patuxent River Maryland and graduated from the USN Test Pilot School test project engineering curriculum. Mr. Beverly received his BS in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1970 and his MS in systems management from the University of Southern California in 1977. He is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and

Recent Navy surface effect ship (SES) research has been aimed at achieving efficient operation at task force speeds without compromising the SES advantage of operating at higher speeds. Results showed that this objective could be achieved by designing ships with higher length-to-beam ratios than the previous generation of Navy SES. These ships are typically referred to as “High Length-to-Beam SES”. This paper describes an extensive program undertaken by Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to validate this research and demonstrate high length-to-beam SES capabilities. Under this program a 110 ft commercial SES was procured and stretched from a length-to-beam of 2.65 to 4.25 by installing a 50 foot hull extension amidships. This ship is the SES-200; it is the only large high length-to-beam SES in the world. A brief history of the SES-200 is provided, and the use of standard marine construction and systems in this ship is described. A synopsis of the SES-200 Technical Evaluation Program completed in the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean is given, and results of performance, seakeeping and maneuvering tests are presented. The effect of cushion length-to-beam proportions on both cushion wave making resistance and total SES resistance is explained. Performance test data are presented to show that the advantages of high length-to-beam design have been validated. Full power operation in heavy weather at all headings is demonstrated, and heavy weather motion responses are compared to Navy surface ship criteria to show that limits are satisfied for both high and low speed operation. Directional stability and maneuvering test results are cited for both normal operation and impaired situations. Implications of high length-to-beam technology relative to multithousand ton ship design are discussed. The speed and seakeeping capabilities that SES in this size range offer are indicated by scaling SES-200 test data.

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COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF advanced MARINE VEHICLES FOR EXPRESS SHIPPING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 283-300页

作者： LUEDEKE, G FARNHAM, RB JR. George Luedeke Jr.: received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his MS degree in Product Design from Illinois Institute of Technology. Early in his career Mr. Luedeke joined General Motors Corporation as a designer responsible for development of people mover and rail rapid transit systems. From 1964 to 1974 he was with Hughes Aircraft Company. At Hughes he performed analyses and developed designs for a wide variety of program and proposal efforts such as: High Speed Ground Transportation (DOT) Task Force Command Center (NAVY) Panama Canal Marine Traffic Control Center (Panama Canal Co.) Royal Iranian Navy Command Center (Iran) Tactical Information Processing and Interpretation Center (Air Force) and WALLEYE CONDOR and PHOENIX Missile Systems (NAVY). He also had marketing development responsibilities related to the diversification of Hughes resources in civil business areas such as: Automatic train control (WMATA BARTD SCRTD) water/sewage treatment plant automation (Santa Clara County) Aqueduct Control (SWR) Hydrometeorological data collection (BPA WMO) and Salton Sea basin systems analysis (Dept. of the Interior). He was responsible for combat system integration for the Hughes 2000T Surface Effect Ship (SES) proposal. He also conducted detailed studies concerning ship flexure for the Improved Point Defense Target Acquisition System Program and for the definition of operational High Energy Laser weapon installations on a series of conventional monohulls (DLG DD and CVN). Since 1974 Mr. Luedeke has been employed at RMI Inc. (formerly Rohr Marine Inc.). During this time he has held several positions. His responsibilities have included directing a number of studies on advanced SES concepts managing activities defining mission/cost effectiveness of military and commercial SES's including defining the operational benefits and enhanced survivability characteristics of cargo SES's for high speed military sealiftfor NA TO and Southeast Asia

This paper will present the results of a marketing, engineering, and economic analysis of advanced marine vehicles done by IMA Resources, Inc. and RMI, Inc., in support of a Maritime Administration project to study “Multimode Express Shipping”. The study was conducted in 1981 and examined the economic benefits of using advanced marine vehicles as express cargo vessels in domestic and international service. Commodity characteristics, desirable express carrier rates, and potential high payoff service and route alternatives were identified. advanced marine vehicles were surveyed and sized to meet desirable deadweight and block speed objectives. The costs of operating these craft on a variety of trade routes were calculated using an advanced marine vehicle economic analysis program. Revenues, expenses, break-even, profit and loss, cash flow requirements, tax summary and economic indicators (i.e., cost/ton – mile, etc.) were projected over the expected life of the vehicles as was return on investment. Traffic density and market penetration considerations narrowed the field of choice to smaller sized advanced marine vehicle carriers (i.e., 50 and 250 ton deadweight) and to three international and five domestic routes.

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U.S. AND FOREIGN HULL FORM, MACHINERY AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN PRACTICES

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Naval Engineers Journal 1983年第6期95卷 36-53页

作者： KEHOE, JAMES W. BROWER, KENNETH S. MEIER, HERBERT A. RUNNERSTROM, CDR. ERIC James W. Kehoe Jr. is well known for his work in conducting comparative naval architecture studies of U.S. and foreign warship design practices for which he received the ASNE Gold Medal for 1981 and the Legion of Merit. He is currently a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia where he is engaged in the feasibility and concept design of naval ships and in continuing his comparative engineering analyses of U.S. and foreign warships. Prior to his retirement from the U.S. Navy as a Captain in 1982 his naval career involved sea duty aboard three destroyers and three aircraft carriers including command of the USS John R. Pierce (DD-753) and engineer officer of the USS Wasp (CVS-18). Ashore he had duty at the Naval Sea Systems Command where he directed the Comparative Naval Architecture Program as an instructor in project management in the Polaris missile project and as a nuclear weapons officer. He holds a B.S. in mathematics from Stonehill College Massachusetts (1952) and an MA in education from San Diego State College (1959). A frequent contributor to the Naval Engineers Journal U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings and the International Defense Review he has published a number of articles on U.S. Soviet and other foreign warship design practices and the effects of design practices on ship size and cost. Kenneth S. Brower is a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia which he founded in June 1978. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1965 with a Bachelor's Degree in Naval Architecture. Mr. Brower has contributed to the design and construction of numerous merchant ships and warships the latter of which include the CG-47 project Arapaho the FDL and DX projects the new NATO Frigates Replacement for the ‘90's DDGX and FFX projects as well as several frigate developed for Foreign Military Sales. Since 1972 he has actively supported the Naval Sea Systems Command's Comparative Naval Architecture Program. During this period Mr. Brower has contribute

There are two principal benefits to conducting comparative engineering analyses of U.S. and foreign ship design practices and criteria: 1) they offer an opportunity to identify clever ideas from which the U.S. can benefit, and 2) they cause us to assess U.S. design practices critically that we may have been taking for granted or may have been accepting as inviolable. The results of a comparative analysis of U.S. and foreign hull form, machinery, and structural design practices are reported in this paper. Numerous studies of U.S. and foreign warships have shown that the hull form, machinery, and structural design practices of various navies differ considerably. Although most large navies operate their ships in generally similar environments, each country has developed its own unique style of hull form. Based on an assessment of foreign hull form design practices, the U.S. Navy has recently developed a style of hull form that offers improved stability and seakeeping performance and which facilitates the arrangement of internal functions. Foreign ships generally have a tighter machinery arrangement than comparable U.S. ships. However, this is not necessarily achieved by accepting less subsystem performance or by sacrificing redundancy. The tightness of foreign machinery plants seems to be achieved by tighter management control over the ship design and acquisition process. In addition, foreign navies appear to be more flexible in adjusting to a new technology such as that which occurred during the change from steam to gas turbine propulsion. U.S. ships appear to be constructed to more rigorous structural detail design standards than foreign ships. The structural configuration of foreign ships, including the integration of web frames, longitudinal girders, and stanchions also differs from U.S. practice. The configuration of ship structure and the value of rigorous U.S. structural design practices are worthy of additional research. The results of the study reported in thi

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